Reflections of the Turkish National Architecture on the Educational Buildings: The Sample of İsmet Paşa Primary School

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 223 - 234, 30.06.2024

Işıl Esen , Nur Urfalıoğlu

Abstract

Turkish National Architecture is the name of an architectural style which emerged in 1908 in the Ottoman Empire and lasted until the 1930s, the first years of the new republic. Named “National Architecture” and “National Architecture Renaissance” during its reign, this period was rather called “First National Architecture” after the 1970s. In recent eras, the wider preferred name for the period is “The Architecture of Late Ottoman and Early Republican Period”. This style was reinforced by the nationalism and Turkism concepts of names like Ziya Gökalp and Yusuf Akçura. The ideas of Turkish identity and nationalism, which emerged in the late Ottoman period, were effective in the educational politics of the new republic era. In 1921938, education politics were based on the Atatürk’s reforms and a secular, modern and democratic path was accepted. One of the very first goals was to increase the literacy percentage of the population. For this purpose, the number of primary schools has risen. Construction of these new school buildings was rapid, practical, and cost-effective. They were also designed to represent the architectural ideology of the era. In 1923, the “Construction Bureau of the Ministry of Education (Maarif Vekaleti İnşaat Bürosu)” was established. Article 24 of 1926 mentions “The official school, library, and museum structures of Turkey are designed in the bureau of the Ministry of Education.”. Therefore, the primary school buildings were erected in identical projects with minor modifications. The subject of this study, the İsmet Paşa Primary School building in Konya, Turkey is one of the representatives of the mentioned structures. Konya is one of the pioneering cities in Turkey with samples of the educational structures from the early republican era, such as Gazi Mustafa Kemal Primary School and Hakimiyet-i Milliye Primary School. Therefore, the place of İsmet Paşa Primary School in the era and its plan type, façade and decoration features are going to be evaluated in this study.

Keywords

Architecture of Late Ottoman and Early Republican Period, Education Politics, Turkish National Architecture, First National Architecture, İsmet Paşa Primary School

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