An Overview of Differential miRNA Profile of Patients with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA)

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 31 - 47, 30.03.2024

Sude Coşkun , Beste Nur Karakuş , Elif Aydın , Deniz Kanca Demirci

https://doi.org/10.46373/hafebid.1451940

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic and chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia developing with impaired pancreatic beta cell activity, decreased insulin secretion, icreased insulin resistance, and accordingly impaired carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. DM is classified as type 1, type 2, gestational and other forms of diabetes according to the characteristic properties such as age of onset, insulin dependency, micro- and macrovascular complications. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is an autoimmune diabetes that begins in adulthood without insulin dependency for glycemic control at least in the first six months after diagnosis. Owing to the common genetic, immunologic, and metabolic features LADA is misdiagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is need a biomarkers that ease the diagnosis of LADA. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in biological processes and regulate the response of target tissues to insulin as well as insulin production, signaling and release, insulin resistance, and glucose homeostasis. Dysregulation in miRNA expression can lead to impairment of glucose metabolism. Circulating miRNA are associated with different types of diabetes and have a potential to discriminate them. So, we reviewed the miRNAs that gene expressions levels which change in LADA compared to type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Keywords

LADA, autoimmune diabetes, miRNA

Erişkinlerde Latent otoimmün diyabet (LADA) Hastalarında Ayırıcı miRNA Profiline Genel Bakış

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), pankreas beta hücre aktivitesinin bozulması, insülin sekresyonunun azalması, insülin direncinin artması ve buna bağlı olarak karbonhidrat, protein ve lipid metabolizmasının bozulması ile gelişen hiperglisemi ile karakterize metabolik ve kronik bir hastalıktır. DM, başlangıç yaşı, insülin bağımlılığı, mikro ve makrovasküler komplikasyonlar gibi karakteristik özelliklerine göre tip 1, tip 2, gestasyonel ve diğer diyabet formları olarak sınıflandırılır. Erişkinlerde latent otoimmün diyabet (LADA), tanı konulduktan sonraki en az ilk altı ayda, glisemik kontrol için insülin bağımlılığı olmaksızın yetişkinlikte başlayan otoimmün bir diyabettir. Ortak genetik, immünolojik ve metabolik özellikler nedeniyle LADA, tip 1 veya tip 2 diyabet olarak yanlış tanı alabilir. Bu nedenle LADA tanısını kolaylaştıracak biyobelirteçlere ihtiyaç vardır. MikroRNA'lar biyolojik süreçlerde yer alan küçük kodlayıcı olmayan RNA'lardır ve hedef dokuların insüline tepkisinin yanı sıra insülin üretimini, sinyallemesini ve salınmasını, insülin direncini ve glukoz homeostazını düzenler. MiRNA ekspresyonundaki düzensizlik, glikoz metabolizmasının bozulmasına yol açabilir. Dolaşımdaki miRNAs farklı diyabet türleri ile ilişkilidir ve bunları ayırt etme potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu nedenle, tip 1 ve tip 2 diyabetle karşılaştırıldığında LADA'da gen anlatım düzeyi değişen miRNA'ları inceledik.

Keywords

LADA, otoimmün diyabet, miRNA

References

• [1.] Blair, M., Diabetes Mellitus Review, Urologic Nursing, 36(1), (2016), 27–36.
• [2.] Piero, M.N., Nzaro, G.M., Njagi, J.M., Diabetes mellitus – a devastating metabolic disorder, Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(40), (2015), 1-7.
• [3.] TEMD Diabetes Mellitus Çalışma ve Eğitim Grubu. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği. Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının Tanı, Tedavi ve İzlem Kılavuzu. 8. Baskı. Ankara, Türkiye; 2016. p.15. ISBN 978-605- 66410-0-8.
• [4.] Mirzaei, M., Rahmaninan, M., Mirzaei, M., Nadjarzadeh, A., Dehghani Tafti, A.A., Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetes, undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes in Central Iran: results from Yazd health study, BMC Public Health, 20(1), (2020), 166.
• [5.] Papatheodorou, K., Banach, M., Bekiari, E., Rizzo, M., Edmonds, M., Complications of diabetes 2017, Journal of Diabetes Research, 2018, (2018).
• [6.] Nuhoglu, I., Deger, O., Topbaş, M., Erem, C., The prevalence of diabetes and associated risk factors among adult population in a Turkish population (Trabzon city), Primary Care Diabetes, 16(4), (2022), 549-554.
• [7.] Satman, I., Yilmaz, T., Sengul, A., Salman, S., Salman, F., et al., Population-Based Study of Diabetes and Risk Characteristics in Turkey: results of the turkish diabetes epidemiology study (TURDEP), Diabetes Care, 25(9), (2002), 1551–1556.
• [8.] Satman, I., Omer, B., Tutuncu, Y., Kalaca, S., Gedik, S., et al., Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults, European Journal of Epidemiology, 28, (2013), 169-180.
• [9.] Çakır, S., Sağlam, H., Özgür, T., Eren, E., Tarım, Ö.,Tip 1 Diyabetli Çocuklarda Glisemik Kontrolü Etkileyen Faktörler, Güncel Pediatri, 8(2), (2010), 7-19 .
• [10.]Mekala, KC, Bertoni, AG. Transplantation, bioengineering, and regeneration of the endocrine pancreas. Volume I. In Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus. 2020;p.49-58.
• [11.]Ergün, U., Ata, Z., Uçdu, G. Z., Hiperglisemide Nadir Bir Neden: Latent Otoimmun Erişkin Diyabeti, Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), (2019),100-104.
• [12.]O’Neal, K.S., Johnson, J.L., Panak, R. L., Recognizing and Appropriately Treating Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults, Diabetes spectrum, 29(4), (2016), 249–252.
• [13.]Katsarou, A., Gudbjörnsdottir, S., Rawshani, A., Dabelea, D., Bonifacio, E., et al., Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Nature reviews Disease primers, 3(1), (2017), 1-17.
• [14.]Yu, K., Huang, Z., Zhou, J., Lang, J., Wang, Y., et al., Transcriptome profiling of microRNAs associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), Scientific Reports, 9(1), (2019), 11347.
• [15.]Ertem, G.S., Ergün, S., Özyazıcıoğlu, N., TİP 1 DİYABETLİ ÇOCUK VE ADOLESANLARDA METABOLİK KONTROL, YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), (2021), 28-37.
• [16.]Pociot, F., McDermott, M. F., Genetics of type 1 diabetes mellitus, Genes & Immunity, 3(5), (2002), 235-249.
• [17.]Daneman, D., Type 1 diabetes, The Lancet, 367(9513), (2006), 847-858.
• [18.]Salman, S., Satman, İ., Diyabete Özgü Antikorlar ve Klinik Pratikte Kullanımları, Turkish Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 15(1), (2011), 8-12.
• [19.]Atkinson, M. A., Eisenbarth, G. S., Michels, A. W., Type 1 diabetes, The Lancet, 383(9911), (2014), 69-82.
• [20.]Siddiqui, A.A., Siddiqui, S.A., Ahmad, S., Siddiqui, S., Ahsan, I., et al., Diabetes: Mechanism, pathophysiology and management-A review, Int J Drug Dev Res, 5(2), (2013), 1-23.
• [21.]Van Belle, T.L., Coppieters, K.T., Von Herrath, M.G., Type 1 diabetes: etiology, immunology, and therapeutic strategies, Physiological reviews, 91(1), (2011),79-118.
• [22.]Steck, A.K., Rewers, M.J., Genetics of type 1 diabetes, Clinical chemistry, 57(2), (2011),176-185.
• [23.]Ali, O., Genetics of type 2 diabetes, World journal of diabetes, 4(4), (2013), 114-123.
• [24.]Deshmukh, C.D., Jain, A., Nahata, B., Diabetes mellitus: a review, Int. J. Pure Appl. Biosci, 3(3), (2015), 224-230.
• [25.]Vijan, S., Type 2 Diabetes, Annals of Internal Medicine, 152(5),(2010), ITC3- 1.
• [26.]Kahn, C. R., Weir, G.C., King, G.L., Moses, A.C., Smith, R.J., et al., Joslin’s Diabetes mellitus, içinde Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2005.p.371-392.
• [27.]Freeman, A.M., Acevedo, L.A., Pennings, N., Insulin resistance, StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2023.
• [28.]Reed, J., Bain, S., Kanamarlapudi, V., A Review of Current Trends with Type 2 Diabetes Epidemiology, Aetiology, Pathogenesis, Treatments and Future Perspectives, Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy, 14, (2021), 3567–3602.
• [29.]Ginsberg, H. N., MacCallum, P.R., The obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus pandemic: Part I. Increased cardiovascular disease risk and the importance of atherogenic dyslipidemia in persons with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome, 4(2), (2009), 113-119.
• [30.]Forouhi, N. G., Wareham, N. J., Epidemiology of diabetes, Medicine, 38(11), (2009), 602-606.
• [31.]Olokoba, A.B., Obateru, O.A., Olokoba, L.B., Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of current trends, Oman medical journal, 27(4), (2012), 269.
• [32.]Jameson, J.L., Harrison Endokrinoloji, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri,(2013),267-314.
• [33.]Venkatesan, R., Bodhini, D., Narayani, N., Mohan, V., Association study of the ABCC8 gene variants with type 2 diabetes in south Indians, Indian journal of human genetics, 20(1), (2014), 37.
• [34.]Galicia,U.G., Vicente, A.B., Jebari, S., Sebal, A.L., Siddiqi, H., et al.,Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus,International journal of molecular sciences, 21(17), (2020), 6275.
• [35.]Khan, M.A. B., Hashim, M. J., King, J. K., Govender, R. D., Mustafa, H., et al., Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes–global burden of disease and forecasted trends, Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 10(1), (2020),107-111.
• [36.]Manisha, A.M., Shangali, A.R., Mfinanga, S.G., Mbugi, E.V., Prevalence and factors associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): a cross-sectional study, BMC Endocrine Disorders, 22(1), (2022),1-9.
• [37.]Carlsson, S., Etiology and pathogenesis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) compared to type 2 diabetes, Frontiers in physiology, (2019), 438244.
• [38.]Fourlanos, S., Dotta, F., Greenbaum, C. J., Palmer,J.P., Rolandsson, O., et al., Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) should be less latent.,Diabetologia, 48,(2005), 2206-2212.
• [39.]Pan, N., Yang, S., Niu, X., Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Metabolic Syndrome A Mini Review, Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13,(2022), 913373.
• [40.]Unger, J., Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, American family physician, 81(7), (2010), 843-847.
• [41.]Stenstrom, G., Gottsater, A., Bakhtadze, E., Berger, B., Sundkvist, G., Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: definition, prevalence, β-cell function, and treatment, Diabetes, 54(suppl_2), (2005), S68-S72.
• [42.]Mishra, R., Hodge, K.M., Cousminer, D.L., Leslie, R.D., Grant, S. F. A global perspective of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 29(9), (2018), 638-650.
• [43.]Field, S. F., Howson, J. M., Smyth, D. J., Walker, N. M., Dunger, D. B., et al., Analysis of the type 2 diabetes gene, TCF7L2, in 13,795 type 1 diabetes cases and control subjects, Diabetologia, 50(1),(2007), 212-213.
• [44.]Ravikumar, V., Ahmed, A., Anjankar, A., Ahmed, A., A Review on Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults, Cureus, 15(10),(2023).
• [45.]Liao, Y., Xiang, Y., Zhou, Z., Diagnostic criteria of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): a review and reflection, Frontiers of Medicine,6, (2012), 243-247.
• [46.]Naik, R. G., Barbara M.B.W,., Palmer, J.P., Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism , 94(12), (2009), 4635-4644.
• [47.]Pipi, E., Marketou, M., Tsirogianni, A., Distinct clinical and laboratory characteristics of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in relation to type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, World journal of diabetes, 5(4), (2014), 505-510.
• [48.]Davis, A.K., DuBose, S.N., Haller, M.J., Miller, K.M., DiMeglio, L.A., et al., Prevalence of detectable Cpeptide according to age at diagnosis and duration of type 1 diabetes, Diabetes care, 38(3), (2015), 476-481.
• [49.]Gao, X., Sun, W., Wang, Y,, Zhang, Y., Li, R., et al., Prevalence of positive islet autoantibody in type 2 diabetes patients: a cross-sectional study in a Chinese community, Endocrine Connections, 8(11), (2019)1493–1502.
• [50.]Kim, M., Zhang, X., The profiling and role of miRNAs in diabetes mellitus. Journal of diabetes and clinical research, 1(1), (2019), 5.
• [51.]Deng, J., Guo, F., MicroRNAs and type 2 diabetes, ExRNA, 1(1), (2019), 1-5.
• [52.]Feng, J., Xing, W., Xie, L., Regulatory roles of microRNAs in diabetes. International journal of molecular sciences, 17(10), (2016), 1729.
• [53.]Lu, T. X., Rothenberg, M.E., MicroRNA, Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 141(4), (2018), 1202-1207.
• [54.]Pordzik, J., Jakubik, D., Jarosz-Popek, J., Wicik, Z., Eyileten, C., et al., Significance of circulating microRNAs in diabetes mellitus type 2 and platelet reactivity: bioinformatic analysis and review, Cardiovascular diabetology, 18, (2019), 1-19.
• [55.]Chakraborty, C., Doss, C.G.P., Bandyopadhyay, S., Agoramoorthy, G., Influence of miRNA in insulin signaling pathway and insulin resistance: micro‐ molecules with a major role in type‐2 diabetes, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA, 5(5), (2014), 697-712.
• [56.]Chen, M., Sun, Q., Giovannucci, E., Mozaffarian, D., Manson, E.J., et al., Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis, BMC medicine, 12, (2014), 215.
• [57.]Seyhan, A.A., Nunez Lopez, Y.O., Xie, H., Yi, F., Mathews, C., et al., Pancreas-enriched miRNAs are altered in the circulation of subjects with diabetes: a pilot cross-sectional study, Scientific reports, 6, (2016), 31479.
• [58.]Nielsen, L.B., Wang, C., Sørensen, K., Bang-Berthelsen, C.H., Hansen, L., et al., Circulating Levels of MicroRNA fromChildren with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Controls: Evidence That miR-25 Associates to Residual Beta-Cell Function and Glycaemic Control during Disease Progression, Experimental Diabetes Research, 2012, (2012).
• [59.]Jiménez-Lucena, R., Camargo, A., Alcalá-Diaz, J.F., Romero-Baldonado, C., Luque, M.R., et al., A plasma circulating miRNAs profile predicts type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes: from the CORDIOPREV study, Experimental & molecular medicine, 50(12), (2018), 1-12.
• [60.]Weale, C.J., Matshazi, D.M., Davids, S.F.G., Raghubeer, S., Erasmus, R., et al., Expression Profiles of Circulating microRNAs in South African Type 2 Diabetic Individuals on Treatment, Frontiers in genetics, 12, (2021), 702410.
• [61.]Kraczkowska, W., Stachowiak, L., Pławski, A., Jagodziński, P.P., Circulating miRNA as potential biomarkers for diabetes mellitus type 2: should we focus on searching for sex differences?, Journal of Applied Genetics, 1-11, (2022).
• [62.]Margaritis, K., Margioula-Siarkou, G., Giza, S., Kotanidou, E.P., Tsinopoulou, V.R., et al., Micro-RNA implications in type-1 diabetes mellitus: a review of literature. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(22), (2021), 12165.
• [63.]Morales-Sánchez, P., Lambert, C., Ares-Blanco, J., Suárez-Gutiérrez, L., Villa-Fernandez, E., et al., Circulating miRNA expression in long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Scientific reports, 13(1), (2013), 8611.
• [64.]Liu, Y., Gao, G., Yang, C., Zhou, K., Şen, B., et al., The role of circulating microRNA-126 (miR126): a novel biomarker for screening prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, International journal of molecular sciences, 15(6), (2014), 10567–10577.
• [65.]Mostahfezian, M., Azhir, Z., Dehghanian, F., Hojati, Z., Expression pattern of microRNAs, miR-21, miR-155 and miR-338 in patients with type 1 diabetes, Archives of Medical Research, 50(3), (2019), 79-85.
• [66.]Liu, Y., Ma, M., Yu, J., Ping, F., Zhang, H., et al., Decreased serum microRNA-21, microRNA-25, microRNA-146a, and microRNA-181a in autoimmune diabetes: potential biomarkers for diagnosis and possible involvement in pathogenesis, International Journal of Endocrinology, (2019).
• [67.]Sørgjerd, E.P., Mjelle, R., Beisvåg, V., Flatberg, A., Grill, V., et al., Small RNAs are differentially expressed in autoimmune and non-autoimmune diabetes and controls, European Journal of Endocrinology, 187, (2022), 231–240.
• [68.]Fan, W., Pang, H., Li, X., Xie, Z., Huang, G., et al., Plasma-derived exosomal miRNAs as potentially novel biomarkers for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 197, (2023), 110570.