An Overview of Differential miRNA Profile of Patients with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA)

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 31 - 47, 30.03.2024

Sude Coşkun Beste Nur Karakuş Elif Aydın Deniz Kanca Demirci

https://doi.org/10.46373/hafebid.1451940

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic and chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia developing with impaired pancreatic beta cell activity, decreased insulin secretion, icreased insulin resistance, and accordingly impaired carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. DM is classified as type 1, type 2, gestational and other forms of diabetes according to the characteristic properties such as age of onset, insulin dependency, micro- and macrovascular complications. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is an autoimmune diabetes that begins in adulthood without insulin dependency for glycemic control at least in the first six months after diagnosis. Owing to the common genetic, immunologic, and metabolic features LADA is misdiagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is need a biomarkers that ease the diagnosis of LADA. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in biological processes and regulate the response of target tissues to insulin as well as insulin production, signaling and release, insulin resistance, and glucose homeostasis. Dysregulation in miRNA expression can lead to impairment of glucose metabolism. Circulating miRNA are associated with different types of diabetes and have a potential to discriminate them. So, we reviewed the miRNAs that gene expressions levels which change in LADA compared to type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Keywords

LADA, autoimmune diabetes, miRNA

Erişkinlerde Latent otoimmün diyabet (LADA) Hastalarında Ayırıcı miRNA Profiline Genel Bakış

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), pankreas beta hücre aktivitesinin bozulması, insülin sekresyonunun azalması, insülin direncinin artması ve buna bağlı olarak karbonhidrat, protein ve lipid metabolizmasının bozulması ile gelişen hiperglisemi ile karakterize metabolik ve kronik bir hastalıktır. DM, başlangıç yaşı, insülin bağımlılığı, mikro ve makrovasküler komplikasyonlar gibi karakteristik özelliklerine göre tip 1, tip 2, gestasyonel ve diğer diyabet formları olarak sınıflandırılır. Erişkinlerde latent otoimmün diyabet (LADA), tanı konulduktan sonraki en az ilk altı ayda, glisemik kontrol için insülin bağımlılığı olmaksızın yetişkinlikte başlayan otoimmün bir diyabettir. Ortak genetik, immünolojik ve metabolik özellikler nedeniyle LADA, tip 1 veya tip 2 diyabet olarak yanlış tanı alabilir. Bu nedenle LADA tanısını kolaylaştıracak biyobelirteçlere ihtiyaç vardır. MikroRNA'lar biyolojik süreçlerde yer alan küçük kodlayıcı olmayan RNA'lardır ve hedef dokuların insüline tepkisinin yanı sıra insülin üretimini, sinyallemesini ve salınmasını, insülin direncini ve glukoz homeostazını düzenler. MiRNA ekspresyonundaki düzensizlik, glikoz metabolizmasının bozulmasına yol açabilir. Dolaşımdaki miRNAs farklı diyabet türleri ile ilişkilidir ve bunları ayırt etme potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu nedenle, tip 1 ve tip 2 diyabetle karşılaştırıldığında LADA'da gen anlatım düzeyi değişen miRNA'ları inceledik.

Keywords

LADA, otoimmün diyabet, miRNA

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