FUTBOL AKADEMİLERİ VE AFRİKA FUTBOL EMEĞİNİN AVRUPA’YA GÖÇÜ

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 76 - 99, 29.10.2012

Fuat Man

Öz

Son 10 yıldır Afrikalı futbolcuların Avrupa’ya olan göçlerindeki dramatik artış, bu süreci sürekli neokolonyal sömürü terimleriyle açıklayan popüler bir söyleme neden olmuştur. Örneğin, Aralık 2003’te dünya futbolunu yöneten ‘the federation internationale de football association’ (FIFA)’nın başkanı Sepp Blastter, Afrikalı oyuncuların ticaretinden en fazla yararlanan Avrupa kulüplerinin, ‘geçmiş miras ve kültürü umursamayan ancak gelişmekte olan dünyanın en iyi oyuncularını gasp eden ve çalan neokolonyalistler’ gibi davrandıklarını belirtip bu kulüplerin genç Afrikalıları seçmelerini ‘adilik değilse bile sağlıksız’ olarak niteledi (Bradley, 2003). Afrikalı oyuncuların Avrupa’ya göçleri ile ilgili bazı temel akademik araştırmaların değerlendirmeleri çok az abartıya dayansa da bu çalışmalar Blatter’in düşüncelerini geniş bir biçimde paylaşmaktadırlar (Bale, 2004; Darby, 2000, 2002, 2006; Lanfranchi & Taylor, 2001; Poli, 2002, 2006). Bu araştırmalar ayrıntılı bir biçimde, Avrupa futbol kulüplerinin Afrikalı yetenekli oyuncuları seçme süreçlerinin, kaynak kullanımı, geliştirme ve hammadde ihracını içeren neokolonyal sömürünün bir çeşidi olarak değerlendirilebileceğini, bu örnekte ise Avrupa merkezindeki zengin nesiller ve tüketim için Afrikalı futbol yeteneklerinin bulunduğunu ve bu sürecin ise yoksul Afrika periferisinde gerçekleştiğini öne sürmektedirler.    

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Kaynakça

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