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Year 2013, Volume: 30 Issue: 30, 211 - 234, 01.12.2013

Abstract

Through qualitative research based on interviews, I describe how psychoanalytic practitioners perceive forgiveness, a complex subject with cultural, religious and political associations. They see it as important, and sometimes at the heart of the psychoanalytic endeavour. Analytic thinking has enriched what is essentially a concept determined by religions and cultures. The development of the capacity to forgive requires consciousness and empathy, for both self and other, and the need for appropriate metabolizing of aggression.

References

  • ‘müşterek hak arayışı ve hak tanıma’ olarak adlandırır. Onun bu
  • fikrini konu üzerinde çalışırken sürekli aklımda tuttum. Teşekkür
  • Siyasi işkence mağduru ile yaptığım mülâkat, affetme fikrini
  • bir lütuf derecesine yükseltti. Bu konu üzerinde çalışmak bir lütuftu
  • ve araştırmada yer alan meslektaşlarıma, özellikle danışmanım Dr.
  • Jacques China’a minnettarım.
  • Bu çalışma, 8 Ocak 2007 yılında 53 yaşında vefat eden Kuzey
  • İrlandalı politikacı David Ervine’e adanmıştır. Pek çoğumuzun
  • uzlaşma ve affetme konusunda olabileceğinden çok daha iyi bir
  • noktadaydı, hatta ‘Uzman’dan da öteydi.
  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., et al. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Akhtar, S. (2002). “Forgiveness: Origins, dynamics, psychopathology, and technical relevance”. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 71, 175–212.
  • Anderson, H. (1986). “Human forgiveness is possible”. Journal of Pastoral Careand Counselling, 40, 173–179.
  • Anderson, J. (2004a). “Forgiveness: a singular achievement?” Papergiven at West Midlands Institute of Psychotherapy Conference ‘After such knowledge – what forgiveness?’, 3 April, Leamington Spa.
  • Anderson,J.(2004b). Exploring forgiveness within the psycho analytic encounter. MA dissertation, Guild of Psycho therapists and University of Hertfordshire.
  • Balint, M. (1968). The basic fault: Therapeutic aspects of regression. London: Routledge.
  • Beebe, B. (2000). “Systems models in development and psychoanalysis: The case of vocal rhythm coordination and attachment infant”. Mental Health Journal, 21, 99–122.
  • Benjamin, J. (1988). Bonds of love: Psychoanalysis, feminismand the problem of domination. New York: Pantheon.
  • Blumenthal, D. R. (1996). Repentance and forgiveness. Crosscurrents. Available from: <http:// www.aril.org/blumenthal.htm> (accessed 10 February 2004).
  • Brenman, E. (1985). “Crueltyand narrow-mindedness”. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 66,273–281.
  • Buber, M. (1966 [1923]). I and Thou (Trans. W. Kaufman). New York: Touchstone.
  • Carmichael, K. (2003). Sin and forgiveness: New responses in a changing world. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Cavell, M. (2003). “Freedom and forgiveness”. International Journal of Psycho- Analysis, 84, 515–531.
  • Cooper, J.,& Gilbert, M. (2004). The role of forgiveness in working with couples. In C. Ransley& T. Spy (Eds.), Forgiveness and the healing process: A central therapeutic concern. Hoveand New York: Brunner Routledge.
  • Cox, M. (Ed.) (1998). Remorse and reparation. London and Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley.
  • Derrida, J. (2001). On cosmopolitanism and forgiveness. London: Routledge.
  • Durham, M. S. (2000). Thetherapist’s encounters with revenge and forgiveness. London and Philadelphia, PA: JessicaKingsley.
  • Eliot, T. S. (1920). Gerontion. In The Collected poems of T. S. Eliot. London: Faber.
  • Enright, R. D., Santos, M. J. D., & Al-Mabuk, R. (1989). “The adolescent as forgiver”. Journal of Adolescence, 12, 95–110.
  • Farrow, T. F., et al. (2001). Investigating the functional anatomy of empathy and forgiveness. Neuro report, 12, 2433–2438.
  • Fonagy, P.,& Target, M. (1997). “Attachment and reflective function: Their role in self organisation”. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 679–700.
  • Fortune, M.,& Marshall, J. (2002). Forgiveness and abuse: Jewish and Christian reflections. New York: Haworth Press; also published as Journal of Religion and Abuse, 4.
  • Freud, S. (1953). Fragment of an Analysis of a case of Hysteria. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans) The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 7, pp. 7–112). London: Hogath Press. (original work published 1901)
  • Gilligan, J. (1999). Violence: Reflections on our deadliest epidemic. London and Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley. 74 J. Anderson
  • Gottlieb,R.M. (2004). “Refusing thecure: Sophocles’s Philoctetes and theclinical problemsof self-injurious spite, shame and forgiveness”. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 85, 669–689.
  • Griffin, K. (2003). The forgiveness formula: Why lettinggo is good for you and how to make it make it happen. London: Simon&Schuster.
  • Harris, J. C. (2003). “Social neuro science, empathy, brain integration, and neuro developmental disorders”. Physiology&Behavior, 79, 525–531.
  • Henderson, M. (2002). Forgiveness: Breaking the chain of hate. London: Grosvenor Books.
  • Hillman, J. (1964). Betrayal. Lecture 128, Guild of Pastoral Psychology, London. In J. Hillman (Ed.), Looseends: Primary papers in archetypal psychology(pp. 63–81). New York and Zurich: Spring Publications, 1975.
  • Holloway, R. (2002). On forgiveness: How can we forgive the unforgivable? Edinburgh: Canongate.
  • Horsfield, P. (2002). Forgiving abuse: An ethical critique. In M. Fortune & J. Marshall (Eds.), Forgiveness and abuse: Jewish and Christian reflections. New York: HaworthPress; alsopublished as Journal of ReligionandAbuse, 4.
  • Jung, C. G. (1952). Answer to job. In H. Reed, M. Fordham & G. Adler (Eds.), Collected Works Volume 11. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Kernberg, O. F. (1976). Object relations: Theory and clinical psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
  • Kernberg, O. F. (1995). Loverelations: Normality and pathology. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Klein, M. (1937). Love, guilt and reparation. In The writing of Melanie Klein: Love, guilt and reparation and otherworks 1921–1945. London: The Hogarth Press.
  • Kohut, H. (1972). Thoughts on narcissism and narcissistic rage. In P. H. Ornstein (Ed.), The search for the self: Selected writings of Heinz Kohut (Vol. 2, pp. 615–658). New York: International Univ.Press.
  • Kohut, H. (1984). The nature of the psychoanalytic cure. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lawler, K. A., et al. (2003). “A change of heart: Cardio vascular correlates of forgiveness in responseto inter personal conflict”. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 26, 373–393.
  • McCullough, M. E., Pargament, K. I., & Thoresen, C. E. (Eds.) (2000). Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice. New York: Guilford Press.
  • MacLean, P. D. (1985a). “Evolutionary psychiatry and the triune brain”. Psychological Medicine, 15, 219–221. MacLean, P. D. (1985b). The triune brain in evolution. New York: Plenum.
  • MacLean, P. D. (1990). “Brain evolution leading to family, play, and the separationcall”. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 404–417.
  • Malcolm, W. M., & Greenberg, L. S. (2000). Forgiveness as a process of change in individual psychotherapy. In M. E. Mc Cullough, K. I. Pargament & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Mullet, E., & Giraud, M. (2000). Developmental and cognitive points of view on forgiveness. In M. E. Mc Cullough, K. I. Pargament & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Patterson, D.,&Roth, J. K. (Eds.) (2004). After-words: Post Holocaust struggles with forgiveness, reconciliation and justice. Seattle, WA, and London: University of Washington Press.
  • Patton, J. (1985). Is human forgiveness possible? A pastoral care perspective. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press.
  • Patton, J. (2000). Forgiveness in pastoral care and counselling. In M. E. Mc Cullough, K. I. Pargament& C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice. New York: Guilford Press. Phillips, A. (1998). The beast in the nursery. London: Faber.
  • Ransley, C. (2004). Be cautious about forgiveness. In C. Ransley& T. Spy (Eds.), Forgiveness and the healing process: A central therapeutic concern. Hoveand New York: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Ransley, C., & Spy, T. (Eds.) (2004). Forgiveness and the healing process: A central therapeutic concern. Hoveand New York: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Rey, J. H. (1986). Reparation. Journal of the Melanie Klein Society, 4, 5–35.
  • Safer, J. (1999). Must you forgive? Psychology Today, July–August.
  • Samuels, A. (1989). The plural psyche, personality, morality and the father. London and N.York: Routledge. Samuels, A. (2004). Personal communication.
  • Snaith, N. H. (1950). Grace. In A. Richardson (Ed.), A theological word book of the bible. London: SCM Press.
  • Sobrino, J. (1986). Latin America: Place of sin and place of forgiveness. Concilium, 184, 12–21.
  • Steiner, J. (1996). Revenge and resentment in the ‘Oedipus situation’. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 77, 433–443.
  • Stolorow, R. S. (1971). “On forgiveness”. American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 31, 102–103.
  • Tutu, D. (1999). No future without forgiveness. London: Rider Press.
  • Tutu, D. (2004). The Longford lecture. 16 February, London. Available at: tu.pdf> (accessed 18 February 2004).
  • Tutu, D.,&Allen, J. (Eds.) (1994). The rainbow people of God. London, New York, Toronto, Sydney and Auckland: Doubleday Press.
  • Van Oyen Witvliet, C., Ludwig, T. E., &van der Laan, K. L. (2001). “Granting forgiveness or harboringg rudges: Implications foremotion, physiology, and health”. Psychological Science, 12, 117–123.
  • Wangh, S. (2005). “Revenge and forgiveness in Laramie”, Wyoming. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 15, 1–16.
  • Wiesenthal, S. (1998). In H. J. Cajus & B. B. Fetamine (Eds.), The sunflower: On the possibilities and limits of forgiveness. New York: Schocken.
  • Williams, R. (2002). Writing in the dust: Reflections on 11th September and its aftermath. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
  • Winnicott, D. W. (1947). Hate in the counter transference. In Collected Works: Through paediatricst psychoanalysis. London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1987.

Affedicilik İlişkisel Bir Süreç: Araştırma ve Yansımalar

Year 2013, Volume: 30 Issue: 30, 211 - 234, 01.12.2013

Abstract

Bu çalışmamda, psikanalitik uygulama yapanların, kültürel, dini ve siyasi öğeler taşıyan ve girift bir konu olan affetme kavramının asıl algıladıklarını mülakatlara dayalı nitel araştırmalar yoluyla duygusuna o kadar önem verirler ki, bazen bu his psikanalitik çabanın odak noktasını oluşturur. İçeriğini temelde dinler ve kültürlerin belirlediği bu kavram analitik düşünme ile zenginleşmiştir. Affetme kapasitesinin arttırılması, bilinçliliği, hem kendine hem de başkalarına empatiyi ve saldırganlığı kontrol etmeyi gerektirir

References

  • ‘müşterek hak arayışı ve hak tanıma’ olarak adlandırır. Onun bu
  • fikrini konu üzerinde çalışırken sürekli aklımda tuttum. Teşekkür
  • Siyasi işkence mağduru ile yaptığım mülâkat, affetme fikrini
  • bir lütuf derecesine yükseltti. Bu konu üzerinde çalışmak bir lütuftu
  • ve araştırmada yer alan meslektaşlarıma, özellikle danışmanım Dr.
  • Jacques China’a minnettarım.
  • Bu çalışma, 8 Ocak 2007 yılında 53 yaşında vefat eden Kuzey
  • İrlandalı politikacı David Ervine’e adanmıştır. Pek çoğumuzun
  • uzlaşma ve affetme konusunda olabileceğinden çok daha iyi bir
  • noktadaydı, hatta ‘Uzman’dan da öteydi.
  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., et al. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Akhtar, S. (2002). “Forgiveness: Origins, dynamics, psychopathology, and technical relevance”. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 71, 175–212.
  • Anderson, H. (1986). “Human forgiveness is possible”. Journal of Pastoral Careand Counselling, 40, 173–179.
  • Anderson, J. (2004a). “Forgiveness: a singular achievement?” Papergiven at West Midlands Institute of Psychotherapy Conference ‘After such knowledge – what forgiveness?’, 3 April, Leamington Spa.
  • Anderson,J.(2004b). Exploring forgiveness within the psycho analytic encounter. MA dissertation, Guild of Psycho therapists and University of Hertfordshire.
  • Balint, M. (1968). The basic fault: Therapeutic aspects of regression. London: Routledge.
  • Beebe, B. (2000). “Systems models in development and psychoanalysis: The case of vocal rhythm coordination and attachment infant”. Mental Health Journal, 21, 99–122.
  • Benjamin, J. (1988). Bonds of love: Psychoanalysis, feminismand the problem of domination. New York: Pantheon.
  • Blumenthal, D. R. (1996). Repentance and forgiveness. Crosscurrents. Available from: <http:// www.aril.org/blumenthal.htm> (accessed 10 February 2004).
  • Brenman, E. (1985). “Crueltyand narrow-mindedness”. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 66,273–281.
  • Buber, M. (1966 [1923]). I and Thou (Trans. W. Kaufman). New York: Touchstone.
  • Carmichael, K. (2003). Sin and forgiveness: New responses in a changing world. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Cavell, M. (2003). “Freedom and forgiveness”. International Journal of Psycho- Analysis, 84, 515–531.
  • Cooper, J.,& Gilbert, M. (2004). The role of forgiveness in working with couples. In C. Ransley& T. Spy (Eds.), Forgiveness and the healing process: A central therapeutic concern. Hoveand New York: Brunner Routledge.
  • Cox, M. (Ed.) (1998). Remorse and reparation. London and Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley.
  • Derrida, J. (2001). On cosmopolitanism and forgiveness. London: Routledge.
  • Durham, M. S. (2000). Thetherapist’s encounters with revenge and forgiveness. London and Philadelphia, PA: JessicaKingsley.
  • Eliot, T. S. (1920). Gerontion. In The Collected poems of T. S. Eliot. London: Faber.
  • Enright, R. D., Santos, M. J. D., & Al-Mabuk, R. (1989). “The adolescent as forgiver”. Journal of Adolescence, 12, 95–110.
  • Farrow, T. F., et al. (2001). Investigating the functional anatomy of empathy and forgiveness. Neuro report, 12, 2433–2438.
  • Fonagy, P.,& Target, M. (1997). “Attachment and reflective function: Their role in self organisation”. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 679–700.
  • Fortune, M.,& Marshall, J. (2002). Forgiveness and abuse: Jewish and Christian reflections. New York: Haworth Press; also published as Journal of Religion and Abuse, 4.
  • Freud, S. (1953). Fragment of an Analysis of a case of Hysteria. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans) The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 7, pp. 7–112). London: Hogath Press. (original work published 1901)
  • Gilligan, J. (1999). Violence: Reflections on our deadliest epidemic. London and Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley. 74 J. Anderson
  • Gottlieb,R.M. (2004). “Refusing thecure: Sophocles’s Philoctetes and theclinical problemsof self-injurious spite, shame and forgiveness”. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 85, 669–689.
  • Griffin, K. (2003). The forgiveness formula: Why lettinggo is good for you and how to make it make it happen. London: Simon&Schuster.
  • Harris, J. C. (2003). “Social neuro science, empathy, brain integration, and neuro developmental disorders”. Physiology&Behavior, 79, 525–531.
  • Henderson, M. (2002). Forgiveness: Breaking the chain of hate. London: Grosvenor Books.
  • Hillman, J. (1964). Betrayal. Lecture 128, Guild of Pastoral Psychology, London. In J. Hillman (Ed.), Looseends: Primary papers in archetypal psychology(pp. 63–81). New York and Zurich: Spring Publications, 1975.
  • Holloway, R. (2002). On forgiveness: How can we forgive the unforgivable? Edinburgh: Canongate.
  • Horsfield, P. (2002). Forgiving abuse: An ethical critique. In M. Fortune & J. Marshall (Eds.), Forgiveness and abuse: Jewish and Christian reflections. New York: HaworthPress; alsopublished as Journal of ReligionandAbuse, 4.
  • Jung, C. G. (1952). Answer to job. In H. Reed, M. Fordham & G. Adler (Eds.), Collected Works Volume 11. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Kernberg, O. F. (1976). Object relations: Theory and clinical psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
  • Kernberg, O. F. (1995). Loverelations: Normality and pathology. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Klein, M. (1937). Love, guilt and reparation. In The writing of Melanie Klein: Love, guilt and reparation and otherworks 1921–1945. London: The Hogarth Press.
  • Kohut, H. (1972). Thoughts on narcissism and narcissistic rage. In P. H. Ornstein (Ed.), The search for the self: Selected writings of Heinz Kohut (Vol. 2, pp. 615–658). New York: International Univ.Press.
  • Kohut, H. (1984). The nature of the psychoanalytic cure. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lawler, K. A., et al. (2003). “A change of heart: Cardio vascular correlates of forgiveness in responseto inter personal conflict”. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 26, 373–393.
  • McCullough, M. E., Pargament, K. I., & Thoresen, C. E. (Eds.) (2000). Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice. New York: Guilford Press.
  • MacLean, P. D. (1985a). “Evolutionary psychiatry and the triune brain”. Psychological Medicine, 15, 219–221. MacLean, P. D. (1985b). The triune brain in evolution. New York: Plenum.
  • MacLean, P. D. (1990). “Brain evolution leading to family, play, and the separationcall”. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 404–417.
  • Malcolm, W. M., & Greenberg, L. S. (2000). Forgiveness as a process of change in individual psychotherapy. In M. E. Mc Cullough, K. I. Pargament & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Mullet, E., & Giraud, M. (2000). Developmental and cognitive points of view on forgiveness. In M. E. Mc Cullough, K. I. Pargament & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Patterson, D.,&Roth, J. K. (Eds.) (2004). After-words: Post Holocaust struggles with forgiveness, reconciliation and justice. Seattle, WA, and London: University of Washington Press.
  • Patton, J. (1985). Is human forgiveness possible? A pastoral care perspective. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press.
  • Patton, J. (2000). Forgiveness in pastoral care and counselling. In M. E. Mc Cullough, K. I. Pargament& C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice. New York: Guilford Press. Phillips, A. (1998). The beast in the nursery. London: Faber.
  • Ransley, C. (2004). Be cautious about forgiveness. In C. Ransley& T. Spy (Eds.), Forgiveness and the healing process: A central therapeutic concern. Hoveand New York: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Ransley, C., & Spy, T. (Eds.) (2004). Forgiveness and the healing process: A central therapeutic concern. Hoveand New York: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Rey, J. H. (1986). Reparation. Journal of the Melanie Klein Society, 4, 5–35.
  • Safer, J. (1999). Must you forgive? Psychology Today, July–August.
  • Samuels, A. (1989). The plural psyche, personality, morality and the father. London and N.York: Routledge. Samuels, A. (2004). Personal communication.
  • Snaith, N. H. (1950). Grace. In A. Richardson (Ed.), A theological word book of the bible. London: SCM Press.
  • Sobrino, J. (1986). Latin America: Place of sin and place of forgiveness. Concilium, 184, 12–21.
  • Steiner, J. (1996). Revenge and resentment in the ‘Oedipus situation’. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 77, 433–443.
  • Stolorow, R. S. (1971). “On forgiveness”. American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 31, 102–103.
  • Tutu, D. (1999). No future without forgiveness. London: Rider Press.
  • Tutu, D. (2004). The Longford lecture. 16 February, London. Available at: tu.pdf> (accessed 18 February 2004).
  • Tutu, D.,&Allen, J. (Eds.) (1994). The rainbow people of God. London, New York, Toronto, Sydney and Auckland: Doubleday Press.
  • Van Oyen Witvliet, C., Ludwig, T. E., &van der Laan, K. L. (2001). “Granting forgiveness or harboringg rudges: Implications foremotion, physiology, and health”. Psychological Science, 12, 117–123.
  • Wangh, S. (2005). “Revenge and forgiveness in Laramie”, Wyoming. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 15, 1–16.
  • Wiesenthal, S. (1998). In H. J. Cajus & B. B. Fetamine (Eds.), The sunflower: On the possibilities and limits of forgiveness. New York: Schocken.
  • Williams, R. (2002). Writing in the dust: Reflections on 11th September and its aftermath. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
  • Winnicott, D. W. (1947). Hate in the counter transference. In Collected Works: Through paediatricst psychoanalysis. London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1987.
There are 73 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA82ZP72RP
Journal Section Article
Authors

Judith Anderson This is me

Hüseyin İbrahim Yeğin This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 30 Issue: 30

Cite

ISNAD Anderson, Judith - Yeğin Hüseyin İbrahim. “Affedicilik İlişkisel Bir Süreç: Araştırma Ve Yansımalar”. Harran Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 30/30 (December 2013), 211-234.


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