Restructuring Graduate Education in Türkiye: Evaluating the Graduate Education Institute (LEE) Model in Global Perspective

İbrahim Kürtül; Cihangir Kirazlı; Hüseyin Yakar; Çiler Gülen

doi:10.55993/hegp.1912314

Restructuring Graduate Education in Türkiye: Evaluating the Graduate Education Institute (LEE) Model in Global Perspective

Abstract

Graduate education is a critical determinant of national innovative capacity, yet its governance models frequently struggle to balance administrative efficiency with academic autonomy. In Türkiye, despite significant horizontal massification in higher education, vertical academic specialization remains severely stunted. Recent macro-level data reveals a profound academic capacity crisis, characterized by unsustainable student-to-academic-staff ratios reaching up to 31:1, systemic diploma inflation, and historical fragmentation across discipline-specific institutes. To address these structural bottlenecks, the Graduate Education Institute (Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, LEE) model was introduced, centralizing graduate programs under a unified governance framework. This study employs a qualitative single-case study design to conduct a document-based evaluation of the implementation and institutional outcomes of the LEE model, utilizing longitudinal data (2013–2025), quality assurance metrics, and multi-stakeholder surveys from Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University (BAİBU). Findings demonstrate that the LEE model successfully mitigates administrative bottlenecks through robust digital transformation—managing over 70,000 documents annually—and acts as a catalyst for internationalization, evidenced by a 42-fold increase in international graduates. The centralized structure effectively institutionalized the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, culminating in a 5-year national Full Accreditation. However, comparative analysis with global benchmarks uncovers persistent systemic risks, including the threat of rigid "digital bureaucracy," lack of structured industry-funded doctoral programs, and the absence of holistic career tracking mechanisms. Ultimately, this study concludes that while the LEE model modernizes the graduate ecosystem, its long-term sustainability requires evolving from a centralized administrative unit into a decentralized, financially autonomous, and participatory academic hub.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No funding was received from any institution or organisation for this study.

Ethical Statement

This study does not require ethical approval process. Furthermore, in this study, the provisions of Law No. 6698 on the Protection of Personal Data have been complied with. All data used within the scope of the research have been obtained and processed in accordance with the relevant legislation. The study adheres to the copyright regulations in force regarding intellectual and artistic works, and all sources utilized have been cited in accordance with scientific ethical rules.

Thanks

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the administration and staff of the Graduate Education Institute at Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University (BAİBU LEE) for their invaluable support, cooperation, and facilitation of data collection throughout this study.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Higher Education Systems, Higher Education Management, Internationalization in Higher Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

İbrahim Kürtül
0000-0002-9218-6468
Türkiye

Cihangir Kirazlı ^*
0000-0002-8353-2891
Türkiye

Hüseyin Yakar
0000-0002-3146-6052
Türkiye

Çiler Gülen
0009-0001-1707-4159
Türkiye

Publication Date

October 30, 2026

Submission Date

March 18, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 2, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.55993/hegp.1912314

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA39FU47ZD

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kürtül, İ., Kirazlı, C., Yakar, H., & Gülen, Ç. (2026). Restructuring Graduate Education in Türkiye: Evaluating the Graduate Education Institute (LEE) Model in Global Perspective. Higher Education Governance and Policy, 7(1), 124-142. https://doi.org/10.55993/hegp.1912314

AMA

1.Kürtül İ, Kirazlı C, Yakar H, Gülen Ç. Restructuring Graduate Education in Türkiye: Evaluating the Graduate Education Institute (LEE) Model in Global Perspective. HEGP. 2026;7(1):124-142. doi:10.55993/hegp.1912314

Chicago

Kürtül, İbrahim, Cihangir Kirazlı, Hüseyin Yakar, and Çiler Gülen. 2026. “Restructuring Graduate Education in Türkiye: Evaluating the Graduate Education Institute (LEE) Model in Global Perspective”. Higher Education Governance and Policy 7 (1): 124-42. https://doi.org/10.55993/hegp.1912314.

EndNote

Kürtül İ, Kirazlı C, Yakar H, Gülen Ç (October 1, 2026) Restructuring Graduate Education in Türkiye: Evaluating the Graduate Education Institute (LEE) Model in Global Perspective. Higher Education Governance and Policy 7 1 124–142.

IEEE

[1]İ. Kürtül, C. Kirazlı, H. Yakar, and Ç. Gülen, “Restructuring Graduate Education in Türkiye: Evaluating the Graduate Education Institute (LEE) Model in Global Perspective”, HEGP, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 124–142, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.55993/hegp.1912314.

ISNAD

Kürtül, İbrahim - Kirazlı, Cihangir - Yakar, Hüseyin - Gülen, Çiler. “Restructuring Graduate Education in Türkiye: Evaluating the Graduate Education Institute (LEE) Model in Global Perspective”. Higher Education Governance and Policy 7/1 (October 1, 2026): 124-142. https://doi.org/10.55993/hegp.1912314.

JAMA

1.Kürtül İ, Kirazlı C, Yakar H, Gülen Ç. Restructuring Graduate Education in Türkiye: Evaluating the Graduate Education Institute (LEE) Model in Global Perspective. HEGP. 2026;7:124–142.

MLA

Kürtül, İbrahim, et al. “Restructuring Graduate Education in Türkiye: Evaluating the Graduate Education Institute (LEE) Model in Global Perspective”. Higher Education Governance and Policy, vol. 7, no. 1, Oct. 2026, pp. 124-42, doi:10.55993/hegp.1912314.

Vancouver

1.İbrahim Kürtül, Cihangir Kirazlı, Hüseyin Yakar, Çiler Gülen. Restructuring Graduate Education in Türkiye: Evaluating the Graduate Education Institute (LEE) Model in Global Perspective. HEGP. 2026 Oct. 1;7(1):124-42. doi:10.55993/hegp.1912314

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Editor-in-Chief(s)

Şahabettin AKŞAB

Education Management, Education Planning, Leadership in Education, Higher Education Policies, Higher Education Systems, Higher Education Management, Internationalization in Higher Education

YK

Yasar KONDAKCI

Education, Education Management, Education Planning, Leadership in Education, Higher Education Studies, Higher Education Policies, Higher Education Systems, Higher Education Management, Internationalization in Higher Education

Funda KURT KESKIN

Education, Curriculum and Instration , Program Development and Qualifications in Higher Education, Internationalization in Higher Education

Editorial Board

YÖ

Yakup ÖZ

Education Management, Higher Education Policies, Higher Education Management, Internationalization in Higher Education, Education Policy, Educational Sociology