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Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 120 - 132, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.55993/hegp.1217204

Abstract

References

  • Arthur, J. (2006). Faith and secularisation in religious colleges and universities. Routledge.
  • Doi, S. (2005). Founding spirit – Wind and scaffolding. In Shikoku Gakuin University Christian Education Research Institute (Ed.), University and Christian education (pp. 141-162). Shinkyoshuppansha.
  • Ejima, N. (2017). Report on the survey of religious colleges and religious qualifications in contemporary Japan. Journal of Buddhism Cultural Studies, 61, 57.
  • Fukaya, J. (2006). The possibility of Christian education in universities in Japan. Studies in Human Sciences (Seinan Gakuin University), 2(1), 1.
  • Institute for Development of Higher Education. (2012). Current higher education No. 545. Institute for Development of Higher Education, Tokyo.
  • Institute for Development of Higher Education. (2014). Current higher education No. 557. Institute for Development of Higher Education, Tokyo.
  • Institute for Development of Higher Education. (2018). Current higher education No. 606. Institute for Development of Higher Education, Tokyo.
  • Institute for Development of Higher Education. (2020). Current higher education No. 626. Institute for Development of Higher Education, Tokyo.
  • Institute for Development of Higher Education. (2022). Current higher education No. 639. Institute for Development of Higher Education, Tokyo.
  • Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structures as myth and ceremony. Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/226550
  • Morozumi, A. (2000). Governance of private universities in Japan: A content analysis of bylaws. Journal of Graduate School of Education, University of Tokyo, 39, 235.
  • Morozumi, A. (2018). University organization. In University Management and Policy Course, University of Tokyo (Ed.), An introduction to higher education studies (pp. 60-85). Toshinohbado.
  • Oba, J. (2011). Reform of university governance: Exploring the role of organisational culture and leadership. Nagoya Journal of Higher Education Research, 11, 253.
  • Okubo, K. (2014). Governance of private universities from the viewpoint of bylaw. University Administration Studies, 5, 47.
  • Saito, T. (2011). The "Christianity" of the Christian higher education institutions in contemporary Japan: From organizational viewpoint through an analysis of bylaws. Journal of Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 51, 81.
  • Sakurada, T. (2013). Leadership in managing institutionalization of the organization. Economic Information Theory Collection (Onomichi City University), 13(2), 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.18899/kei.1302.08
  • Suzuki, Y. (2017). Christian schools and Christianity in wartime. Journal of the History of Rikkyo University and Schools, 14, 32. http://doi.org/10.14992/00015161
  • Umezu, J. (2012). The Christian college and secularization in the United States: A historical sketch. Aoyama Journal of Cultural and Creative Studies, 4(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.34321/12725
  • Watanabe, I. (2019). An exploratory research on the concept of university governance. University Management Policy Studies, 9, 213. https://doi.org/10.51019/daikei.9.0_213
  • Yasujima, Y. (2012). Private Christian schools in the Meiji era in Japan. Journal of the National Institute for Educational Policy Research, 141, 273.

An Analysis of Bylaws of Christian School Corporations in Japan: The Impact of Christianity on Organizational Governance

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 120 - 132, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.55993/hegp.1217204

Abstract

Keywords: bylaws; governance structure; Christian school corporations; university; Japan

This study investigated the effects of Christianity-related (CR) words in bylaws on governance structures in Christian school corporations (CSCs) that established higher education institutions, such as private universities, in Japan. Governance structures in religious school corporations in Japan are characterized by the specific religion. Therefore, CR words in CSCs’ bylaws are powerful clues to identify the characteristics of their governance structures. This study examined the bylaws of three Protestant Christian CSCs in Japan: Tohoku Gakuin, Kwansei Gakuin, and Seinan Gakuin. The numbers and percentages of Christian directors, councilors, and auditors were also assessed. The results indicated that (1) Tohoku Gakuin and Kwansei Gakuin do not mention any Christian denominations, whereas Seinan Gakuin does; (2) Kwansei Gakuin does not have a Christian code for directors, whereas Tohoku Gakuin and Seinan Gakuin do; (3) all CSCs have a Christian code for councilors; (4) the lowest percentage of Christians on the board of directors is 54.5% for Tohoku Gakuin, 0% for Kwansei Gakuin, and 62.5% for Seinan Gakuin; (5) the lowest percentage of Christians on the board of councilors is 52.1% for Tohoku Gakuin, 15.4% for Kwansei Gakuin, and 54.3% for Seinan Gakuin; and (6) the lowest percentage of Christians among auditors is 0% for Tohoku Gakuin, 0% for Kwansei Gakuin, and 50% for Seinan Gakuin. Moreover, Kwansei Gakuin employs a governance system that suppresses director voting by Christian councilors, whereas, Christian councilors of Tohoku Gakuin and Seinan Gakuin encourage Christian director voting. Based on the findings, directions for further research are discussed.

References

  • Arthur, J. (2006). Faith and secularisation in religious colleges and universities. Routledge.
  • Doi, S. (2005). Founding spirit – Wind and scaffolding. In Shikoku Gakuin University Christian Education Research Institute (Ed.), University and Christian education (pp. 141-162). Shinkyoshuppansha.
  • Ejima, N. (2017). Report on the survey of religious colleges and religious qualifications in contemporary Japan. Journal of Buddhism Cultural Studies, 61, 57.
  • Fukaya, J. (2006). The possibility of Christian education in universities in Japan. Studies in Human Sciences (Seinan Gakuin University), 2(1), 1.
  • Institute for Development of Higher Education. (2012). Current higher education No. 545. Institute for Development of Higher Education, Tokyo.
  • Institute for Development of Higher Education. (2014). Current higher education No. 557. Institute for Development of Higher Education, Tokyo.
  • Institute for Development of Higher Education. (2018). Current higher education No. 606. Institute for Development of Higher Education, Tokyo.
  • Institute for Development of Higher Education. (2020). Current higher education No. 626. Institute for Development of Higher Education, Tokyo.
  • Institute for Development of Higher Education. (2022). Current higher education No. 639. Institute for Development of Higher Education, Tokyo.
  • Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structures as myth and ceremony. Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/226550
  • Morozumi, A. (2000). Governance of private universities in Japan: A content analysis of bylaws. Journal of Graduate School of Education, University of Tokyo, 39, 235.
  • Morozumi, A. (2018). University organization. In University Management and Policy Course, University of Tokyo (Ed.), An introduction to higher education studies (pp. 60-85). Toshinohbado.
  • Oba, J. (2011). Reform of university governance: Exploring the role of organisational culture and leadership. Nagoya Journal of Higher Education Research, 11, 253.
  • Okubo, K. (2014). Governance of private universities from the viewpoint of bylaw. University Administration Studies, 5, 47.
  • Saito, T. (2011). The "Christianity" of the Christian higher education institutions in contemporary Japan: From organizational viewpoint through an analysis of bylaws. Journal of Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 51, 81.
  • Sakurada, T. (2013). Leadership in managing institutionalization of the organization. Economic Information Theory Collection (Onomichi City University), 13(2), 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.18899/kei.1302.08
  • Suzuki, Y. (2017). Christian schools and Christianity in wartime. Journal of the History of Rikkyo University and Schools, 14, 32. http://doi.org/10.14992/00015161
  • Umezu, J. (2012). The Christian college and secularization in the United States: A historical sketch. Aoyama Journal of Cultural and Creative Studies, 4(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.34321/12725
  • Watanabe, I. (2019). An exploratory research on the concept of university governance. University Management Policy Studies, 9, 213. https://doi.org/10.51019/daikei.9.0_213
  • Yasujima, Y. (2012). Private Christian schools in the Meiji era in Japan. Journal of the National Institute for Educational Policy Research, 141, 273.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Akihiro Ito 0000-0001-8549-4350

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ito, A. (2022). An Analysis of Bylaws of Christian School Corporations in Japan: The Impact of Christianity on Organizational Governance. Higher Education Governance and Policy, 3(2), 120-132. https://doi.org/10.55993/hegp.1217204