How to Improve Nursing Practices - Based on The- ory and Model for Successful Breastfeeding

Abstract

Theory and models are a part of postgraduate nursing education.However, they have been discussed that are mixed with each other asthe ideas. They also are considered as an abstract knowledge. Theory and models provide systematicly thinking, and they are guides to nursing practices. Along with increase in evidenced basedpractices, the use of model and theories have increased in the World.However, they have not been usually used in nursing practices in ourcountry.In this article, it has been discussed “Breastfeeding Self Efficiency” example to help PhD students and clinical nurses to make concretizationabout theory and models. It is explaining howBandura’s Social Cognitive Theory and Pender’sHealth Promotion Model can be used for improving “Breastfeeding Self Efficiency” skills

Keywords

• Breastfeeding,nursing,model,self-efficiency,theory

BAŞARILI EMZİRME İÇİN KURAM VE MODELE DAYALI HEMŞİRELİK UYGULAMALARI NASIL GELİŞTİRİLİR

Abstract

Kuram ve modeller mezuniyet sonrası hemşirelik eğitiminin önemli bir parçasıdır. Buna karşın, onlar soyut bir bilgi olarak kalmakta vebirbiriyle karıştırılan düşünceler olarak tartışılmaktadır.Kuram ve modeller sistematik düşünmeyi sağlamakta ve hemşirelik uygulamalarına rehber oluşturmaktadır. Dünyada kanıta dayalıuygulamaların artmasıyla da giderek artmaktadırlar. Buna karşın, ülkemizde hemşirelik uygulamalarında model ve kuramlar genel olarakkullanılmamaktadır. Bu makalede doktora öğrencilerinin ve klinikhemşirelerine kuram ve modelleri somutlaştırmalarında yardım edecek “Emzirme Öz-Yeterlilik Algısı” örneği tartışılmıştır. Emzirme ÖzYeterliliği geliştirmek amacıyla Bandura’nın Sosyal – Bilişsel Öğrenme Kuramı ve Pender’in Sağlığı Geliştirme Modeli’nin nasıl kullanılabileceği açıklanmaktadır

Keywords

• Emzirme,hemşirelik,model,öz-yeterlilik,kuram

References

1. Alligood & Tomey(2002) Nursing theorists and their work. (5th ed.) Mosby, St. Louis.
2. Bandura A (1998) Health promotion from the pers- pective of social cognitive theory. Psychology and Health 13, 623-249.
3. Blyth R, Creedy D & Dennis C L (2002) Effect of maternal confidence on breastfeeding duration: An appli- cation of breastfeeding self-efficacy theory. Birth 29, 4, 278-284.
4. Ceriani Cernadas J M, Noceda G & Barrera L (2003) Maternal and Perinatal Factors Influencing the Dura- tion of Exclusive Breastfeeding During the First 6 Months of Life. Journal of Human Lactation 19, 2, 136-144.
5. Chinn P (2001) Toward a theory of nursing art. In N. L. Chaska (Eds), The nursing profession: Tomorrow and beyond (pp. 287-298). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
6. Dennis C L (2002) Breastfeeding initiation and dura- tion: a 1990-2000 literature review. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing 31, 1, 12-32. DeKeyser & Medoff-Cooper (2001) Non-theorist’s perspective on nursing theory: issues of the 1990s. Scho- lary Inqiury i n Nursing Practice Winter 15, 4, 329-41.
7. Fawcett J (2005) Contemporary Nursing Knoweled- ge: Analysis and Evoluation of Nursing Models and The- ores. 2nd edn. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, 691- 700.
8. Fawcett J, Watson J, Neuman B, Walker P H & Fitzpatrick JJ (2001) On nursing theories and evidence. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 33, 115-119. (Also in RSN, Ch. 30).

9. Gill S L , Reifsnider E, Mann A R , Villarreal P & Tinkle M B (2004) Assessing Infant Breastfeeding Beliefs Among Low-Income Mexican Americans. Jour- nal of Perinatal Education 13, 3, 39-50.
10. Hill P & Humenick S (1996) Development of the h & h lactation scale. Nursing Research 45, 136–140.
11. Leddy S & Pepper J (1993) Conceptual Bases of Professional Nursing. Third Edition. Lippincott Com- pany, Philadelphia.
12. Kronborg H & Vaeth M (2004) The influence of psychosocial factors on the duration of breastfeeding. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 32, 210–216.
13. Matich J.R & Sim’s, L.S. (1992) A comparasion of social support variabiles between women who itended to breast or bottle-feed. Social Science in Medicine 34, 919-927.
14. McKenna G (1993) Unique theory—Is it essential in the development of a science of nursing? Nurse Educati- on Today 15, 121–127.
15. Pender N.J., Murdaugh C.L. & Parsons M.A. (2002) Health Promotion in Nursing Practice (4th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
16. Perez A & Valdes V (1991) Santiago Breastfeeding Promotion Program: Preliminary Results of an interven- tion study. American Journal of Obstetry and Gyneco- logy 6, 2039-2044.
17. Schmied V & Barcla L (1999) Connection and ple- asure, disruption and distress: Women experience of bre- astfeeding. Journal of Human Lactation 15, 4, 325-333.
18. Thorne S, Canam C, Dahinten S, Hall W, Hen- derson A , & Kirkham S. R. (1998) Nursing’s meta- paradigm concepts: Disimpacting the debates. Journal of Advanced Nursing 27, 1257–1268.
19. Tomey & Alligood (2002) Nursing Theory: Utiliza- tion & Application, Second Edition, Mosby St.Louis.
20. Velioğlu P (1999) Hemşirelikte Kavram ve Kuram- lar, Alaş Ofset Matbaası, İstanbul.