Invastigation of Correlation Between Depression and Maternal Attachment of Mothers With 1- to 4-Month-Old Premature Babies Treated at the Hospital

Abstract

Objective: The research was conducted descriptively in order to determine the correlation between postpartum depression and maternal attachment of mothers with 1- to 4-month-old premature infants treated at the hospital. Methods: Research environment consisted of mothers of premature infants N:1623 who were treated in neonatal intensive care units of Ege University and Dokuz Eylul University Medical SchoolHospitals, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, and Behcet Uz Children’s Hospital within thelast year. Research sample composed of 140 mothers determined by using a convenience samplingformula regarding the number of premature infants that received treatment at four above-mentioned hospitals. The data were collected using“Mother-Infant Description Form” which identified mothers’ socio-demographic and other characteristics, “Maternal Attachment Scale”, and“Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale EPDS ”. Results: According to the distribution of sociodemographic characteristics, 32.1% of the mothers were in 27-31 years age group, 50.7% wereprimary school graduates. It was determined that92.1% of the infants were 30-60 days old, meanlength of stay of the infants in neonatal intensivecare units was 38.42±1.60 days. Maternal Attachment Scale mean score was 87.185±5.463, EPDS mean score was determined as 16.000±4.745. There was a weak negative significant correlation between maternal attachment scores and depression scores of mothers r=–0.279, p

Keywords

• Maternal Attachment,premature infant,postpartum,depression

1-4 Aylık Premature Bebeği Hastanede Tedavi Gören Annelerin Depresyon ve Maternal Bağlanma İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Araştırma, hastanede tedavi gören 1-4 aylık prematüre bebeğiolan annelerde, doğum sonrası depresyon düzeyi ile maternal bağlanma arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacı ile tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın evrenini, Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hastanesi, Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi ve Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastalıkları veCerrahisi Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi’nin yenidoğan yoğun bakımünitesinde YYBÜ son bir yıl içerisinde tedavi gören prematüre bebeklerin N:1623 anneleri oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemi,Evreni Bilinen Örneklem Formülü ile belirlenen 140 anneden oluşmuştur. Araştırma verileri, “Anne-Bebek Tanıtım Formu”, “MaternalBağlanma Ölçeği”, “Edinburg Doğum Sonu Depresyon Ölçeği EDDÖ ” kullanılarak toplanmıştır.Bulgular: Annelerin, sosyo-demografik özelliklerine göre dağılımı incelendiğinde; %32.1’inin 27-31 yaş grubunda, %50.7’sinin ilkokulmezunu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bebeklerin %92.1’inin doğum sonrasıyaşlarının 30-60 gün arasında olduğu, yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatış sürelerinin ortalama 38.42±1.60 gün olduğu belirlenmiştir. Annelerin maternal bağlanma puan ortalaması 87.19±5.463,Edinburg Doğum Sonu Depresyon Ölçeği depresyon puan ortalaması16.000±4.76 olarak belirlenmiştir. Annelerin depresyon puanları ilematernal bağlanma puanları arasında yapılan korelasyon analizindenegatif yönde, zayıf düzeyde, anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır r=–0.279, p

Keywords

• Maternal Bağlanma, depresyon, doğum sonrası, prematüre bebek.

References

1. Kesebir S, Kavzoğlu ÖS, Üstündağ FM. Attach- ment and psychopathology. Psikiyatride Gün- cel Yaklaşımlar 2011; 3(2): 321-342.
2. Korja R, Savonlahti E, Haataja L, Lapinleimu H, Manninenet H, Piha J, Lehtonen L. Attach- ment representations in mothers of preterm in- fants. Infant Behav Dev 2009; 32(3):305–311.
3. Çalışır H, Şeker S, Güler F, Anaç GD, Türkmen M. The anxiety levels and needs of infants’ pa- rents in a neonatal intensive care unit. Cumhu- riyet Univ Hemsire YO Derg 2008;12(1):31-44.
4. Çelebioğlu A. Yenidoğanın hastaneye kabulün- de ebeveynlerin duyguları ve hemşirelik yakla- şımı. Uluslar arası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi 2004;1(1):3-7.
5. Erdeve Ö, Atasay B, Arsan S, Türmen T. Effects of the hospitalization experience in the neonatal intensive care unit on the family and premature infant. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2008; 51(2):104-109.
6. Yıldırım G, Gökyıldız Ş. Psychosocial problems parents who cannot have a healthy baby experi- enced. Ataturk Univ Hemsire YO Derg 2004; 7(3):74-82.
7. Soysal AŞ, Ergenekon E, Aksoy E. Effects of long-term hospital stay on attachment style in newborn period: a case study. Klinik Psikiyatri 1999; 2(4): 266-270.
8. Manav G, Yıldırım F. Preterm ve term bebek an- nelerinin bebeklerini algılama durumu. Cumhu- riyet Tıp Dergisi 2010; 32: 149-157.

9. Amankwaa CL, Pickler HR, Boonmee J. Mater- nal responsiveness in mothers of preterm infants. Newborn Infant Nurs Rev 2007; 7(1): 25-30.
10. Vigod S, Villegas L, Dennis CL, Ross L. Preva- lence and risk factors for postpartum depression among women with preterm and low-birth-we- ight infants: A systematic review. BJOG 2010;117(5):540–550.
11. Bergström BE, Wallin L, Thomson G, Flacking R. Postpartum depression in mothers of infants cared for in a neonatal intensive care unit inci- dence and associated factors. J Neonatal Nurs 2011;18 (4):143-151.
12. Mew AM, Holditch D, Belyea M, Miles MS, Fishel A. Correlates of depressive symptoms in mothers of preterm infants. Neonatal Netw 2003;22(5):51-60.
13. Davis L, Edwards H, Mohay H, Wollin J. The impact of very premature birth on the psycholo- gical health of mothers. Early Hum Dev 2003;73(1-2):61–70.
14. Beck S, Wojdyla D, Say L, Betran AP, Merial- di M, Requejo JH, Rubens C, Menon R. Van Look PF. The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: a systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity. Bull World Health Organ 2010;88(1):31–38.
15. Cohn JF, Campbell SB, Matias R, Hopkins J. Face-to face interactions of postpartum depres- sed and nondepressed strated that infants of depressed mothers show less mother–infant pa- irs at 2 months. Dev Psychol 1990;26(1):15–23.
16. Field T, Healy B, Goldstein S, Perry S, Bendell D, Schanberg S, Zimmerman EA, Kuhn C.In- fants of depressed mothers show ‘depressed’ behavior even with non- depressed adults. Child Dev 1988;59(6): 1569–1579.
17. Righetti-Veltema MR, Conne-Perre´Ard E, Bo- usque A, Manzano J. Postpartum depression and mother–infant relationship at 3 months old. J Affect Disord 2002;70(3):291–306.
18. Silverstein M, Feinberg E, Young R, Sauder S. Maternal depression, perceptions of children’s social aptitude and reported activity restriction among former very low birth weight infants. Arch Dis Child 2010; 95(7):521-525.
19. Kavlak O, Şirin A. The Turkish version of ma- ternal attachment inventory. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi 2009;6(1): 188-202.
20. Cox JL, Holden JM. Detection of postnatal dep- ression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Br J Psychiatry 1987;150(6):782-6.
21. Engindeniz AN, Küey L, Kültür S. Validated Tur- kish version of Edinburgh Postpartum Depressi- on Scale. Bahar Sempozyumları 1 Kitabı. Ankara: Psikiyatri Derneği Yayınları, 1996:51-52.
22. Shin H, Kim YH. Maternal Attachment Inven- tory: psychometric evaluation of the Korean version. Journal of Adv Nurs 2007; 59(3): 299–307.
23. Borghini A. Mother’s attachment representati- ons of their premature infant at 6 and 18 months after birth. Infant Mental Health Journal 2006;27:(5) 494–508.
24. Brockington F, Fraser C, Wilson D. The Post- partum Bonding Questionnaire: a validation. Arch Womens Ment Health 2006; 9(5): 233–242.
25. Perry DF, Ettinger AK, Mendelson T, Le HN. Prenatal depression predicts postpartum mater- nal attachment in low-income Latina mothers with infants. Infant Behav Dev 2011; 34(2):339–350.
26. Yarcheski A, Mahon NE , Yarcheski TJ , Hanks MM, Cannella BL. A meta-analytic study of predictors of maternal-fetal attachment. Int J Nurs Stud 2009;46(5):708–715.
27. Keren M, Feldman R, Eidelman AI, Sırota L, Lester B.Clinical intervıew for high-risk parents of premature infants (clip) as a predictor of early disruptions in the mother–infant relations- hip at the nursery. Infant Mental Health Journal 2003;24(2):93–110.
28. Sosyal AŞ, Bodur Ş, İşeri E, Şenaol S. Attach- ment process in infancy: A review. Klinik Psiki- yatri 2005;8(2):88-99.
29. Ahn HY, Lee J, Shin HJ. Kangaroo care on pre- mature infant growth and maternal attachment and post-partum depression in South Korea. J Trop Pediatr 2010;56( 5):342-344.
30. Holditch D, Bartlett RT, Blickman AL, Miles MS. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in mothers of premature infants. J Obstet Gynecol Neona- tal Nurs 2006; 32(2):161 –171.
31. Poehlmann J, Fiese BH. The interaction of ma- ternal and infant vulnerabilities on developing attachment relationships. Dev Psychopathol 2001;13(1):1–11.
32. Bennett DE, Slade P. Infants born at risk: Con- sequences for maternal post-partum depression. Br J Med Psychol 1991;64(2):159–172.
33. Nagata M, Naga- i Y, Sobajima H, Ando T, Honjo S. Depression in the early postpartum period and attachment to children-in mothers of nicu infants. Inf Child Dev 2004;13(2):93–110.
34. Yurdakul Z, Akman İ, Kuşçu MK, Karabeki- roglu A, Yaylalı G, Demir F, Özek E. Maternal psychological problems associated with neona- tal intensive care admission. Int J Pediatr 2009; 591359:1-7.
35. Durukan E, İlhan NM, Bumin MA, Aycan S. Postpartum depression frequency and quality of life among a group of mothers having a child aged 2 weeks-18 months. Balkan Med J 2011; 28(4): 385-93.
36. Drewett R, Blair P, Emmett P, Emond A. Failu- re to thrive in the term and preterm infants of mothers depressed in the postnatal period: A po- pulation-based birth cohort study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2004;45(2):359–66.
37. Meredith P, Noller P . Attachment and infant difficultness in postnatal depression. Jof Fam Issues 2003;24(5):668-686.
38. Waxler E, Thelen K, Muzik M. Maternal peri- natal depression – impact on infant and child development. European Psychiatric Review 2011;7(1):41–7.
39. Atkinson L, Paglia A, Coolbear J. Attachment securıty: a meta-analysis of maternal mental he- alth correlates. Clin Psychol Rev 2000;20(8): 1019–1040.
40. Sabuncuoğlu O, Berkem M. Relationship bet- ween attachment style and depressive symp- toms in postpartum women: Findings from Tur- key. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2006;17(4):252-258.