Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Defne bitkisinde flow sitometrisi ile DNA içeriğinin, miktar ve cinsiyet tayini

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 72 - 78, 31.10.2025

Abstract

Defne (L.nobilis ) bitkisi her dem yeşil ağaç/çalı formunda, iki evcikli bir tür olup en önemli odun dışı orman ürünlerinden biridir. Uçucu yağları ve yüksek laurik asit içeriği nedeniyle odunsu aromatik bitkiler arasında sınıflandırılmaktadır. Defne bitkisi Anadolu ve Balkanlar'a özgüdür, ancak günümüzde ılıman bölgelerde Akdeniz ülkelerinde, Kuzey Avrupa'nın bazı bölgelerinde ve Karadeniz kıyılarında 600-800 m rakımlarda yetişmektedir. Tıp, gıda ve kozmetik endüstrisindeki yaygın kullanımının yanı sıra peyzaj tasarımında süs bitkisi olarak da önemli bir bitkidir. Ancak erkek ve dişi bitkiler erken aşamada ayırt edilemediğinden çoğaltma ve ıslah çalışmaları genellikle sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu çalışmada, floresan DNA boyası 4',6-diamidino-2-fenilindol (DAPI) ile akış sitometrisi kullanarak nükleer DNA içeriğini analiz ederek defne fidelerinin erken aşamada cinsiyetini belirlemesi amaçlanmıştır. Sonuçlar, erkek bitkilerin nükleer DNA içeriğinin ≥ 7,95 ± 0,13 pg, dişi bitkilerin ise ≤ 7,84 ± 0,10 pg olduğunu göstermiştir. Bitki cinsiyetinin erken belirlenmesi, yetiştirme, üretim ve ıslah programları için önemli bir avantaj sunduğu için yapılan çalıma öncelikli olarak değerlidir.

Ethical Statement

-

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

  • Akbudak, M., Şakiroğlu, M., Tuna, M. (2018) Estimation of nuclear dna content and determination of relationship between altitude and genome size of usda turkish oat (Avena spp.) collection. Gesunde Pflanzen. 70: 171-178.
  • Alsaleh, A., Yılmaz, G. (2025). Exploring cannabidiol variations, investigation of genetic diversity, population structure and unveiling male-specific genetic marker in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 72(1), 797-814
  • Alsaleh, A., Yılmaz, G., Yazici, L. (2025). Using Molecular Markers as a Powerful Tool for Accelerating Hemp Breeding Programs. Kenevir ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 5-11.
  • Arumuganathan K, Earle ED (1991) Estimation of Nuclear DNA content of plants by Flow Cytometry. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 9: 229-241.
  • Bennett MD, Smith JB (1976) Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Phil Trans R Soc Lond. 274: 227-276. Cepeda-Cornejo, V., Palomino, G., Méndez, I. (2012) Intersexual comparison of DNA content by flow cytometry and chromosome number in four dioecious chamaedorea palms from Mexico. Caryologia. 65: 263-270.
  • Costich, D. E., Meagher, T. R., Yurkow, E. J. (1991). A rapid means of sex identification in Silene latifolia by use of flow cytometry. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 9(4), 359-370.
  • Darlington, C.D,. Wylie, A.P. (1956) Chromosome Atlas of Flowering Plants. George Alien & Unwin Ltd, London. Demir V., Gunhan T., Yagcioglu A.K., Degirmencioglu A. (2004) Mathematical modelling and the determination of some quality parameters of air-dried bay leaves. Biosyst. Eng 88: 325-335.
  • Dhifi W., Bellili S., Jazi S., Ben Nasr S., El Beyrouthy M., Mnif W. (2018) Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Tunisian L.nobilisL.nobilis. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 31: 2397-2402.
  • Doležel, J., Göhde, W. (1995) Sex determination in dioecious plants Melandrium Album and Melandrium Rubrum using high-resolution flow cytometry. Cytometry 19: 103-106.
  • Dolezel, J., Bartoš, B. (2005) Plant DNA flow cytometry and estimation of nuclear genome size. Annals of Botany. 95, 99-110.
  • Ehrendorfer, F., Krendl, F., Habeler, E., Sauer, W. (1968) Chromosome numbers and evolution in primitive angiosperms. Taxon iap. 337-353.
  • Ercan A. (1983) Defne yaprağı ve yağı ihracatının geliştirilmesi, ihracatı. Geliştirme Etüd Merkezi, Ankara. Göker, Y., Acar, İ., (1983) Orman yan ürünlerinden Akdeniz Defnesi (L.nobilis). İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 124-140.
  • Kaya, M., Kurtonur, C. (1989). Bird Species (Aves) of Edirne. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(3), 105-115.
  • Khanum, P., Khan, A. A., Khan, I. A., Ghaffar, A., Khan, Z. (2023). TPD1-like gene as a suitable marker for early sex determination in Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Genes, 14(4), 907.
  • Kilic, A., Hafizoglu, H., Kollmannsberger, H., Nitz, S. (2004) Volatile constituents and key odorants in leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits of (Laurusnobilis L). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52: 1601-1606.
  • Konukçu, M. (2001) Ormanlar ve Ormancılığımız. Ankara Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Yayınları, 258 p.
  • Lanzara, P., Pizetti, M., (1989) Les Arbres. Nathan, Milan
  • Maarten, C.H., James, W.B. (2016) The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261: 201-217.
  • Panza, E., Tersigni, M., Iorizzi, M., Zollo, F., De Marino, S., Festa, C., Napolitano, M., Cas-tello, G. (2011) Lauroside B, a megastigmane glycoside from L.nobilis L.nobilis (bay laurel) leaves, induces apoptosis in human melanoma cell lines by inhibiting NF-κB acti-vation. Journal of Natural Products, 74: 228-233.
  • Savas Tuna, G., Duyu, G., Uzun, K., Yucel, G., Tuna, M. (2017) Determination of nuclear DNA content and ploidy of Hypericum perforatum L. accessions collected from western Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23: 395-403.
  • Snedecor, G.W., Cochran, W.G. (1982) Statistical Methods. Iowa: The Iowa State University Press, USA.
  • Srisuwan, S., Sihachakr, D., Martin, J., Valles, J., Ressayre, A., Brown, S.C.C., Siljak-Yakovlev, S. (2019) Change in nuclear DNA content and pollen size with polyploidisation in the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, Convolvulaceae) complex. Plant Biology. 2: 237-247.
  • Tanrıverdi, H. (1993). Defne meyvası sabit yağının esktraksiyon verimi ve kalitesinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. FABAD.- J. Pharm. Sci., 18: 107-113.
  • Tuna M., Vogel K.P., Arumuganathan, K., Gill, K.S. (2001). DNA content and ploidydetermination of bromegrass germplasm accessions by flow cytometry. Crop Sci. 41: 1629-1634
  • Vagera, J., Paulíková, D., Doležel, J. (1994). The development of male and female regenerants by in vitro androgenesis in dioecious plant Melandrium album. Annals of Botany. 73: 455-459.
  • Villar, L. (1986). Lauraceae. in: Castroviejo. Flora Iberica. Real Jardin Botanico. CSIC. Madrid. 199- 200.
  • Zonneveld, B. J. M., Leitch, I. J., Bennett, M. D. (2005). First nuclear DNA amounts in more than 300 angiosperms. Annals of botany, 96(2), 229-244.

Quantification of DNA Content and Sex Determination in Laurus nobilis by Flow Cytometry

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 72 - 78, 31.10.2025

Abstract

The evergreen perennial tree Laurus nobilis (bay laurel) is a dioecious species and one of the most important non-wood forest products. Owing to its essential oils and high lauric acid content, it is generally classified among woody aromatic plants. Bay laurel is native to Anatolia and the Balkans, but today it grows across Mediterranean countries, parts of Northern Europe, and along the Black Sea coasts at altitudes of 600–800 m in temperate regions. In addition to its wide use in medicine, food, and the cosmetics industry, it also has significant value as an ornamental plant in landscape design. However, male and female plants cannot be distinguished at an early stage, propagation and breeding efforts are often limited. This study aimed to determine the sex of bay laurel seedlings at an early stage; therefore, their nuclear DNA content was tested by flow cytometry with the fluorescent DNA stain 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The results indicated that male plants have a nuclear DNA content of ≥ 7.95 ± 0.13 pg, while female plants have ≤ 7.84 ± 0.10 pg. Early identification of plant sex offers a significant advantage for cultivation, production, and breeding programs.

Ethical Statement

-

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

  • Akbudak, M., Şakiroğlu, M., Tuna, M. (2018) Estimation of nuclear dna content and determination of relationship between altitude and genome size of usda turkish oat (Avena spp.) collection. Gesunde Pflanzen. 70: 171-178.
  • Alsaleh, A., Yılmaz, G. (2025). Exploring cannabidiol variations, investigation of genetic diversity, population structure and unveiling male-specific genetic marker in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 72(1), 797-814
  • Alsaleh, A., Yılmaz, G., Yazici, L. (2025). Using Molecular Markers as a Powerful Tool for Accelerating Hemp Breeding Programs. Kenevir ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 5-11.
  • Arumuganathan K, Earle ED (1991) Estimation of Nuclear DNA content of plants by Flow Cytometry. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 9: 229-241.
  • Bennett MD, Smith JB (1976) Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Phil Trans R Soc Lond. 274: 227-276. Cepeda-Cornejo, V., Palomino, G., Méndez, I. (2012) Intersexual comparison of DNA content by flow cytometry and chromosome number in four dioecious chamaedorea palms from Mexico. Caryologia. 65: 263-270.
  • Costich, D. E., Meagher, T. R., Yurkow, E. J. (1991). A rapid means of sex identification in Silene latifolia by use of flow cytometry. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 9(4), 359-370.
  • Darlington, C.D,. Wylie, A.P. (1956) Chromosome Atlas of Flowering Plants. George Alien & Unwin Ltd, London. Demir V., Gunhan T., Yagcioglu A.K., Degirmencioglu A. (2004) Mathematical modelling and the determination of some quality parameters of air-dried bay leaves. Biosyst. Eng 88: 325-335.
  • Dhifi W., Bellili S., Jazi S., Ben Nasr S., El Beyrouthy M., Mnif W. (2018) Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Tunisian L.nobilisL.nobilis. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 31: 2397-2402.
  • Doležel, J., Göhde, W. (1995) Sex determination in dioecious plants Melandrium Album and Melandrium Rubrum using high-resolution flow cytometry. Cytometry 19: 103-106.
  • Dolezel, J., Bartoš, B. (2005) Plant DNA flow cytometry and estimation of nuclear genome size. Annals of Botany. 95, 99-110.
  • Ehrendorfer, F., Krendl, F., Habeler, E., Sauer, W. (1968) Chromosome numbers and evolution in primitive angiosperms. Taxon iap. 337-353.
  • Ercan A. (1983) Defne yaprağı ve yağı ihracatının geliştirilmesi, ihracatı. Geliştirme Etüd Merkezi, Ankara. Göker, Y., Acar, İ., (1983) Orman yan ürünlerinden Akdeniz Defnesi (L.nobilis). İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 124-140.
  • Kaya, M., Kurtonur, C. (1989). Bird Species (Aves) of Edirne. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(3), 105-115.
  • Khanum, P., Khan, A. A., Khan, I. A., Ghaffar, A., Khan, Z. (2023). TPD1-like gene as a suitable marker for early sex determination in Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Genes, 14(4), 907.
  • Kilic, A., Hafizoglu, H., Kollmannsberger, H., Nitz, S. (2004) Volatile constituents and key odorants in leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits of (Laurusnobilis L). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52: 1601-1606.
  • Konukçu, M. (2001) Ormanlar ve Ormancılığımız. Ankara Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Yayınları, 258 p.
  • Lanzara, P., Pizetti, M., (1989) Les Arbres. Nathan, Milan
  • Maarten, C.H., James, W.B. (2016) The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261: 201-217.
  • Panza, E., Tersigni, M., Iorizzi, M., Zollo, F., De Marino, S., Festa, C., Napolitano, M., Cas-tello, G. (2011) Lauroside B, a megastigmane glycoside from L.nobilis L.nobilis (bay laurel) leaves, induces apoptosis in human melanoma cell lines by inhibiting NF-κB acti-vation. Journal of Natural Products, 74: 228-233.
  • Savas Tuna, G., Duyu, G., Uzun, K., Yucel, G., Tuna, M. (2017) Determination of nuclear DNA content and ploidy of Hypericum perforatum L. accessions collected from western Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23: 395-403.
  • Snedecor, G.W., Cochran, W.G. (1982) Statistical Methods. Iowa: The Iowa State University Press, USA.
  • Srisuwan, S., Sihachakr, D., Martin, J., Valles, J., Ressayre, A., Brown, S.C.C., Siljak-Yakovlev, S. (2019) Change in nuclear DNA content and pollen size with polyploidisation in the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, Convolvulaceae) complex. Plant Biology. 2: 237-247.
  • Tanrıverdi, H. (1993). Defne meyvası sabit yağının esktraksiyon verimi ve kalitesinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. FABAD.- J. Pharm. Sci., 18: 107-113.
  • Tuna M., Vogel K.P., Arumuganathan, K., Gill, K.S. (2001). DNA content and ploidydetermination of bromegrass germplasm accessions by flow cytometry. Crop Sci. 41: 1629-1634
  • Vagera, J., Paulíková, D., Doležel, J. (1994). The development of male and female regenerants by in vitro androgenesis in dioecious plant Melandrium album. Annals of Botany. 73: 455-459.
  • Villar, L. (1986). Lauraceae. in: Castroviejo. Flora Iberica. Real Jardin Botanico. CSIC. Madrid. 199- 200.
  • Zonneveld, B. J. M., Leitch, I. J., Bennett, M. D. (2005). First nuclear DNA amounts in more than 300 angiosperms. Annals of botany, 96(2), 229-244.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Plant Biotechnology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Şeyda Savalan 0000-0002-7047-0943

Elçin Parlar

Project Number -
Publication Date October 31, 2025
Submission Date September 25, 2025
Acceptance Date October 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Savalan, Ş., & Parlar, E. (2025). Quantification of DNA Content and Sex Determination in Laurus nobilis by Flow Cytometry. Kenevir Ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 72-78.
AMA Savalan Ş, Parlar E. Quantification of DNA Content and Sex Determination in Laurus nobilis by Flow Cytometry. Kenevir ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi. October 2025;1(2):72-78.
Chicago Savalan, Şeyda, and Elçin Parlar. “Quantification of DNA Content and Sex Determination in Laurus Nobilis by Flow Cytometry”. Kenevir Ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi 1, no. 2 (October 2025): 72-78.
EndNote Savalan Ş, Parlar E (October 1, 2025) Quantification of DNA Content and Sex Determination in Laurus nobilis by Flow Cytometry. Kenevir ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi 1 2 72–78.
IEEE Ş. Savalan and E. Parlar, “Quantification of DNA Content and Sex Determination in Laurus nobilis by Flow Cytometry”, Kenevir ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 72–78, 2025.
ISNAD Savalan, Şeyda - Parlar, Elçin. “Quantification of DNA Content and Sex Determination in Laurus Nobilis by Flow Cytometry”. Kenevir ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi 1/2 (October2025), 72-78.
JAMA Savalan Ş, Parlar E. Quantification of DNA Content and Sex Determination in Laurus nobilis by Flow Cytometry. Kenevir ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2025;1:72–78.
MLA Savalan, Şeyda and Elçin Parlar. “Quantification of DNA Content and Sex Determination in Laurus Nobilis by Flow Cytometry”. Kenevir Ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 2, 2025, pp. 72-78.
Vancouver Savalan Ş, Parlar E. Quantification of DNA Content and Sex Determination in Laurus nobilis by Flow Cytometry. Kenevir ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2025;1(2):72-8.