Comparison of Structural Damages Observed in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes with the Damage Types in The Regulations

Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 75 - 84, 27.10.2024

Hikmet Tutar

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13996504

Abstract

It is reported that a significant number of buildings were damaged in two major earthquakes with a magnitude of Mw=7,7 in Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey on 06.02.2023 and with a magnitude of Mw=7,6 in Elbistan, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey on the same day. It has been stated that the effects of the earthquakes were felt in 10 provinces (Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Gaziantep, Diyarbakır, Şanlıurfa, Elazığ, Malatya, Adana, Osmaniye and Kilis), and there were many casualties in these 10 provinces where more than 20,000 buildings collapsed. It is reported that in the earthquakes that took place on 06.02.2023, structures built according to the 2018 Earthquake Regulation rules in force for Turkey also suffered significant damage and even collapsed. Although the current investigations are focused on buildings, bridges, prefabricated structures, water structures that provide transportation in this earthquake should also be examined and reported. Based on the rough observations made, many structures were knocked down without any damage due to soil liquefaction due to the ground conditions of many buildings not being considered. Another issue is the detection of demolitions because the structures before the current earthquake regulation, which has been talked about for years but could not be realized, were not strengthened based on the current earthquake regulation. The causes of damage were determined in the investigations. It has been determined that the newly built structures do not comply with the current earthquake regulations. Over 2000 buildings were examined in 10 cities to compare them with the regulations on partially or completely demolished buildings. As a result of these investigations, the reasons for the collapse of the buildings were determined.

Keywords

Deprem, Kahramanmaraş, Pazarcık, Toprak, hasar

References

• [1] Medina, R., Krawinkler, H., “Pacific earthquake engineering research center”, University of California, Berkeley, 2004.
• [2] AFAD, “06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Pazarcık ve Elbistan) Depremleri Saha Çalışmaları Ön Değerlendirme Raporu (in Turkish), Disaster and Emergency Presidency of Türkiye”, 2023.
• [3] Doğulu, C., “Preliminary reconnaissance report on the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Pazarcık (Mw = 7.7) and Elbistan (Mw = 7.6) earthquakes”, 2023.
• [4] Korkmaz, H., "Antakya’da zemin özellikleri ve deprem etkisi arasındaki ilişki", Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Pages 49-66, 2006.
• [5] Akgül, M., S. Etli. "Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Pazarcık, Elbistan) depremleri sonrası betonarme binalarda gözlenen hasar durumları.", International Conference on Scientific and Innovative Studies All Sciences Proceedings, Vol. 1. No. 1, 2023.
• [6] Türkmen, G., Ertürk, A., Türkman, M., "Dörtyol-Erzin Ovası hidrojeolojik etüt raporu (Dörtyol and Erzin plain", Devlet Su İşleri (DSİ), Report No. 1904/6, 1974.
• [7] Demir, A., “Kolon göçmesine maruz kalan alçak ve orta katlı betonarme ticari binaların aşamalı göçme direnci”, Yapı Mühendisliği Mech, Vol. 83, Issue 4, Pages 563–576, 2022.
• [8] Günaydin, M., Atmaca, B., Demir, S., “2020 Elazığ-Sivrice depremi sonrası Elazığ ve Malatya'daki yığma binaların sismik hasar değerlendirmesi”, Türkiye. Bull Earthq Eng 19, Pages 2421–2456, 2021.
• [9] İstanbul Technical University, “Final report on the February 6, 2023 04:17 Mw 7.8 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş), Türkoğlu, Hatay (Kırıkhan), and 13:24 Mw 7.7 Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) earthquakes”, 2023.
• [10] Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD), "Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği", 2018.
• [11] Günaydin, M., Atmaca, B., Demir, S., et al., “Seismic damage assessment of masonry buildings in Elazığ and Malatya following the 2020 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake, Turkey”, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 19, Pages 2421–2456, 2021.
• [12] Arkan, E., Ercan, I., Avcil, F., Rabia, İ., Büyüksaraç, A., “Seismic damages in masonry structural walls and solution suggestions”, Academic Platform Journal of Natural Hazards and Disaster Management, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Pages 49-64, 2023.