Türkiye'de Yükseköğretimin Yaygınlaşmasının Toplumsal Tabakalaşmaya Etkisi

Year 2018, Issue: 3, 542 - 551, 01.12.2018

Caner Özdemir

Abstract

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de son yıllarda yükseköğretimin yaygınlaşmasının toplumsal tabakalaşmaya dayalı sosyo-ekonomik eşitsizlikler üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. TÜİK Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi ve Yetişkin Eğitimi Araştırması verileri kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde ebeveyn mesleki statüsü, birey eğitim düzeyi ve birey mesleki statüsü üçgenindeki ilişkiler ele alınmış, yükseköğretimin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte ebeveyn mesleki statüsü ile birey mesleki statüsü arasındaki ilişkilerin zayıfladığı görülmüştür. Ancak, ebeveyn mesleki statüsünün bireyin eğitim düzeyi üzerinde hâlâ yüksek bir etkisinin olduğu, dolayısıyla toplumsal tabakalaşmanın yeniden üretiminin eğitime eşit erişimin sağlanması yoluyla değil, bir bileşik etki ile azaldığı bulunmuştur. Bu azalma uluslararası literatürde olduğu gibi, üniversite düzeyinde eğitim alan bireylerin mesleki statülerinin ebeveynlerinin mesleki statüsünden daha az etkilenmesi ve Türkiye’de yükseköğretim düzeyinde eğitim alanların oranının hızla artmasıyla mümkün olmuştur. Lojistik regresyon analizi, üniversite derecesine erişim konusunda cinsiyet, ebeveyn mesleki statüsü, anne ve baba eğitim düzeyi ve kuşak değişkenlerinin hâlâ önemli ölçüde etkin olduğunu göstermektedir. Ebeveyn ve çocukların eğitim ve meslek düzeylerine ilişkin daha detaylı bilgiler içeren verilerle yapılacak analizler toplumsal eşitsizliklerin lisansüstü dereceler veya eğitimin niteliği üzerinden yeniden üretilip üretilmediğini gösterebilecektir

Keywords

Yükseköğretimin yaygınlaşması, toplumsal tabakalaşma, sosyal eşitsizlikler, mesleki statü

The Effects of Expansion of Higher Education on Social Stratification in Turkey

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of expansion of Turkish higher education in recent years on socio-economic inequalities based on social stratification. The analyses based on the data from TURKSTAT Household Labor Force Survey and Adult Education Research focus on the relationships between parental social status, education level of the individual and occupational status of the individual. It is found that as higher education expanded, the relationship between occupational status of the parents and occupational status of the individual have been weakened. However, it is also observed that the effect of parental occupational status on the educational level of the individual is still high, and thus the reproduction of social stratification is not weakened through equal access to education but via a compositional effect. As in the international literature, this weakening relationship is a result of the fact that the occupational status of the individuals with higher education is affected less from the occupational status of their parents. With recent expansion in higher education in Turkey, the number of individuals with a university degree has increased rapidly. Logistic regression analysis reveals that gender, parental occupational status, mother education level, father education level and cohort variables still have significant effects on the attainment of a university degree. Further analyses with data containing detailed information about parental and individual educational level and occupational status would show whether the social inequalities are perpetuated via advanced degrees or the quality of education

Keywords

Expansion of higher education, Social stratification, Social inequalities, Occupational status

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