COVID-19 Salgını Bir Çocuk Polikliniğinde Anksiyeteyi Değiştirir mi?
Year 2025,
Issue: 5, 1 - 8, 31.08.2025
Sebahat Çam
,
Miyase Hakbilen
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmada COVID-19 salgını sırasında poliklinikte pediatrik ve maternal anksiyetede meydana gelen değişiklikleri araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Birinci grup, ülkedeki ilk COVID pozitif hastadan önce kliniği ziyaret eden çocuklar ve annelerinden, ikinci grup ise pandemi sırasında aynı kliniği ziyaret eden hastalar ve annelerinden oluşmaktaydı. Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği (HADS) anneler ve 12 yaşından büyük çocuklara uygulandı. 4-11 yaş arası çocuklardan görsel analog skorlar (VAS) elde edildi.
Bulgular: Pandemi grubunda annelerin ortalama HADS skorları anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Birinci gruptaki annelerin yaklaşık % 5'i ve pandemi grubundaki annelerin neredeyse yarısı kayda değer bir endişe geliştirdi. Benzer şekilde, ikinci gruptaki çocukların da oldukça şiddetli kaygıları vardı.
Sonuç: COVID-19 salgını sırasında anneler ve çocuklardaki artmış anksiyete oldukça ciddi bir konudur ve dikkate alınmalıdır.
References
-
Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. Journal of psychosomatic research, 52(2), 69–77.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00296-3
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Cam S. (2021). Pediatric and Maternal Anxiety at First Visit to a Turkish Gastroenterology Clinic Compared to Anxiety Prior to Pediatric Endoscopy Procedure. Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates, 44(3), 165–171. https://doi.org/10.1097/SGA.0000000000000525
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Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
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Delvecchio, E., Salcuni, S., Lis, A., Germani, A., & Di Riso, D. (2019). Hospitalized Children: Anxiety, Coping Strategies, and Pretend Play. Frontiers in public health, 7, 250. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00250
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Elbay, R. Y., Kurtulmuş, A., Arpacıoğlu, S., & Karadere, E. (2020). Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics. Psychiatry research, 290, 113130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113130
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Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry research, 288, 112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
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Jewell, C., Wittkowski, A., & Pratt, D. (2022). The impact of parent-only interventions on child anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, 309, 324–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.082
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Ku, S. H., Chua, J. S., & Shorey, S. (2025). Effect of storytelling on anxiety and fear in children during hospitalization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of pediatric nursing, 80, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2024.11.006
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Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3), e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
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Li, W.H.C., Chung, J.O.K., Ho, K.Y. et al. Play interventions to reduce anxiety and negative emotions in hospitalized children. BMC Pediatr 16, 36 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0570-5
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Liu, N., Zhang, F., Wei, C., Jia, Y., Shang, Z., Sun, L., Wu, L., Sun, Z., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., & Liu, W. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry research, 287, 112921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921
-
Liu, P. P., Sun, Y., Wu, C., Xu, W. H., Zhang, R. D., Zheng, J. J., Huang, Y., Chen, Y. Q., Zhang, M. Z., & Wu, J. Z. (2018). The effectiveness of transport in a toy car for reducing preoperative anxiety in preschool children: a randomised controlled prospective trial. British journal of anaesthesia, 121(2), 438–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2018.02.067
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Melnyk B. M. (1994). Coping with unplanned childhood hospitalization: effects of informational interventions on mothers and children. Nursing research, 43(1), 50–55.
-
Miao, R., Liu, C., Zhang, J., & Jin, H. (2023). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of affective disorders, 340, 914–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.070
-
Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., & Kessler, F. H. P. (2020). "Pandemic fear" and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999), 42(3), 232–235. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
-
Snaith R. P. (2003). The Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale. Health and quality of life outcomes, 1, 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-1-29
-
Torales, J., O'Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. The International journal of social psychiatry, 66(4), 317–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915212
-
Vahia, I. V., Blazer, D. G., Smith, G. S., Karp, J. F., Steffens, D. C., Forester, B. P., Tampi, R., Agronin, M., Jeste, D. V., & Reynolds, C. F., 3rd (2020). COVID-19, Mental Health and Aging: A Need for New Knowledge to Bridge Science and Service. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(7), 695–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.03.007
-
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
-
Yuan, R., Xu, Q. H., Xia, C. C., Lou, C. Y., Xie, Z., Ge, Q. M., & Shao, Y. (2020). Psychological status of parents of hospitalized children during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychiatry research, 288, 112953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112953
Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Alter Anxiety in a Pediatric Outpatient Clinic?
Year 2025,
Issue: 5, 1 - 8, 31.08.2025
Sebahat Çam
,
Miyase Hakbilen
Abstract
Objective: The aim was to investigate alterations in pediatric and maternal anxiety in an outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The first group consisted of children plus their mothers visiting the clinic before the first COVID positive patient in the country. The second group consisted of the consequent patients and their mothers visiting the same clinic during the pandemic. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered to mothers and children >12 years old. Visual analog scores (VAS) were obtained from the children aged 4-11 years.
Results: The mean HADS scores of the mothers were significantly higher in the pandemic group. About 5% of mothers in the first group and almost half of the mothers in the pandemic group developed remarkable anxiety. Similarly, children in the second group had remarkably severe anxiety.
Conclusion: Anxiety is a major concern for mothers and children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
References
-
Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. Journal of psychosomatic research, 52(2), 69–77.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00296-3
-
Cam S. (2021). Pediatric and Maternal Anxiety at First Visit to a Turkish Gastroenterology Clinic Compared to Anxiety Prior to Pediatric Endoscopy Procedure. Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates, 44(3), 165–171. https://doi.org/10.1097/SGA.0000000000000525
-
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
-
Delvecchio, E., Salcuni, S., Lis, A., Germani, A., & Di Riso, D. (2019). Hospitalized Children: Anxiety, Coping Strategies, and Pretend Play. Frontiers in public health, 7, 250. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00250
-
Elbay, R. Y., Kurtulmuş, A., Arpacıoğlu, S., & Karadere, E. (2020). Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics. Psychiatry research, 290, 113130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113130
-
Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry research, 288, 112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
-
Jewell, C., Wittkowski, A., & Pratt, D. (2022). The impact of parent-only interventions on child anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, 309, 324–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.082
-
Ku, S. H., Chua, J. S., & Shorey, S. (2025). Effect of storytelling on anxiety and fear in children during hospitalization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of pediatric nursing, 80, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2024.11.006
-
Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3), e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
-
Li, W.H.C., Chung, J.O.K., Ho, K.Y. et al. Play interventions to reduce anxiety and negative emotions in hospitalized children. BMC Pediatr 16, 36 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0570-5
-
Liu, N., Zhang, F., Wei, C., Jia, Y., Shang, Z., Sun, L., Wu, L., Sun, Z., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., & Liu, W. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry research, 287, 112921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921
-
Liu, P. P., Sun, Y., Wu, C., Xu, W. H., Zhang, R. D., Zheng, J. J., Huang, Y., Chen, Y. Q., Zhang, M. Z., & Wu, J. Z. (2018). The effectiveness of transport in a toy car for reducing preoperative anxiety in preschool children: a randomised controlled prospective trial. British journal of anaesthesia, 121(2), 438–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2018.02.067
-
Melnyk B. M. (1994). Coping with unplanned childhood hospitalization: effects of informational interventions on mothers and children. Nursing research, 43(1), 50–55.
-
Miao, R., Liu, C., Zhang, J., & Jin, H. (2023). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of affective disorders, 340, 914–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.070
-
Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., & Kessler, F. H. P. (2020). "Pandemic fear" and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999), 42(3), 232–235. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
-
Snaith R. P. (2003). The Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale. Health and quality of life outcomes, 1, 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-1-29
-
Torales, J., O'Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. The International journal of social psychiatry, 66(4), 317–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915212
-
Vahia, I. V., Blazer, D. G., Smith, G. S., Karp, J. F., Steffens, D. C., Forester, B. P., Tampi, R., Agronin, M., Jeste, D. V., & Reynolds, C. F., 3rd (2020). COVID-19, Mental Health and Aging: A Need for New Knowledge to Bridge Science and Service. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(7), 695–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.03.007
-
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
-
Yuan, R., Xu, Q. H., Xia, C. C., Lou, C. Y., Xie, Z., Ge, Q. M., & Shao, Y. (2020). Psychological status of parents of hospitalized children during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychiatry research, 288, 112953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112953