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Examination of the Effects of Relative Age Effect on Physical and Motor Performance in 10-12 Year Old Judo Athletes

Year 2025, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 12 - 24, 31.12.2025

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) on physical and motor performance parameters in 10–12 year old judo athletes. Seventy-nine judokas training in various clubs in Ankara participated in the study. The athletes were categorized by birth year (2012, 2013, 2014) and divided into four quarters according to birth month (Q1: January–March; Q2: April–June; Q3: July–September; Q4: October–December). Anthropometric measurements and motor performance tests including a 20 m sprint, countermovement jump, sit-and-reach flexibility, T-test for agility, plank, and sit-up tests were administered. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 27. Separate one-way ANOVA were conducted for each birth year. The results revealed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) among birth quarters in any physical or motor performance variables. These findings suggest that weight categories in judo may mitigate the RAE, and that in this age group, technical skill acquisition likely plays a more decisive role in performance than physical differences. In conclusion, the Relative Age Effect does not appear to exert a significant influence on the physical or motor performance of 10-12 year-old judo athletes.

References

  • 1. Musch, J., & Grondin, S. (2001). Unequal competition as an impediment to personal development: A review of the relative age effect in sport. Developmental Review, 21(2), 147–167.
  • 2. Cobley, S., Baker, J., Wattie, N., & McKenna, J. (2009). Annual age-grouping and athlete development: A meta-analytical review of relative age effects in sport. Sports Medicine, 39(3), 235–256.
  • 3. Albuquerque, M. R., Franchini, E., Lage, G. M., da Costa, V. T., Costa, I. T., & Malloy-Diniz, L. F. (2015). The relative age effect in combat sports: An analysis of Olympic judo athletes, 1964–2012. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 121(1), 300–308.
  • 4. Fukuda, D. H. (2015). Analysis of the relative age effect in elite youth judo athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(8), 1048–1051.
  • 5. Hancock, D. J., Adler, A. L., & Côté, J. (2013). A proposed theoretical model to explain relative age effects in sport. European Journal of Sport Science, 13(6), 630–637.
  • 6. Franchini, E., Del Vecchio, F. B., Matsushigue, K. A., & Artioli, G. G. (2011). Physiological profiles of elite judo athletes. Sports Medicine, 41(2), 147–166.
  • 7. Callister, R., Callister, R. J., Staron, R. S., Fleck, S. J., Tesch, P., & Dudley, G. A. (1991). Physiological characteristics of elite judo athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 12(2), 196–203.
  • 8. Castro-Piñero, J., Artero, E. G., España-Romero, V., Ortega, F. B., Sjöström, M., Suni, J., & Ruiz, J. R. (2010). Criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in youth: A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(13), 934–943.
  • 9. Ortega, F. B., Artero, E. G., Ruiz, J. R., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Bergman, P., Hagströmer, M., … Castillo, M. J. (2008). Reliability of health-related physical fitness tests in European adolescents. International Journal of Obesity, 32(Suppl. 5), S49–S57.
  • 10. Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • 11. Pauole, K., Madole, K., Garhammer, J., Lacourse, M., & Rozenek, R. (2000). Reliability and validity of the T-test as a measure of agility, leg power, and leg speed in college-aged men and women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14(4), 443–450.
  • 12. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
  • 13. Franchini, E., Fukuda, D. H., & Lopes-Silva, J. P. (2020). Tracking 25 years of judo results from the World Championships and Olympic Games: Age and competitive achievement. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(13), 1531–1538.
  • 14. Torres-Unda, J., Zarrazquin, I., Gil, J., Ruiz, F., Irazusta, A., Kortajarena, M., … Irazusta, J. (2013). Anthropometric, physiological and maturational characteristics in selected elite and non-elite male adolescent basketball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(2), 196–203.
  • 15. Nakata, H., & Sakamoto, K. (2012). Sex differences in relative age effects among Japanese athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 115(1), 179–186.
  • 16. Müller, L., Müller, E., Hildebrandt, C., & Raschner, C. (2016). Biological maturity status strongly intensifies the relative age effect in alpine ski racing. PLOS ONE, 11(8), e0160969.

10-12 Yaş Grubu Judo Sporcularında Bağıl Yaş Etkisinin Fiziksel ve Motorik Performans Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 12 - 24, 31.12.2025

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 10-12 yaş grubu judo sporcularında bağıl yaş etkisinin fiziksel ve motorik performans parametreleri üzerindeki yansımalarını incelemektir. Çalışmaya Ankara'daki judo kulüplerinde aktif olarak spor yapan 79 judo sporcusu katılmıştır. Sporcular, doğum yıllarına (2012, 2013, 2014) ve doğdukları aylara göre dört farklı çeyreğe (Q1: Ocak-Mart, Q2: Nisan-Haziran, Q3: Temmuz-Eylül, Q4: Ekim-Aralık) ayrılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların fiziksel ve motorik özellikleri; antropometrik ölçümler, 20m sprint testi, dikey sıçrama testi, otur-uzan esneklik testi, T-test çeviklik testi, plank testi ve mekik testi ile belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 27 paket programı kullanılmış ve doğum yıllarına göre ayrı ayrı varyans analizi (ANOVA) yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, doğum yılı çeyrekliklerine göre tüm motorik performans parametrelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığını göstermiştir (p > 0.05). Her üç doğum yılında da (2012, 2013, 2014) bağıl yaş etkisinin beklendiği şekilde fiziksel ve motorik performans üzerinde belirgin bir etkisi tespit edilmemiştir. Bu bulgular, judo sporunda sıklet kategorilerinin varlığının bağıl yaş etkisini azaltabileceğini ve bu yaş grubunda teknik beceri gelişiminin fiziksel performans farklılıklarından daha önemli olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Sonuç olarak, 10-12 yaş grubu judo sporcularında bağıl yaş etkisinin fiziksel ve motorik performans parametreleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmamaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, etik kurallar ve akademik dürüstlük ilkelerine uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma, Gazi Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu tarafından değerlendirilmiş ve 18.02.2025 tarih ve 03 sayılı toplantısında, belirtilen çalışma alanlarında gerekli izinlerin alınması koşuluyla etik açıdan sakınca bulunmadığı oybirliği ile kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmada yer alan tüm katılımcılardan bilgilendirilmiş onam alınmıştır ve araştırma sürecinde insan haklarına, katılımcı mahremiyetine ve bilimsel etik kurallarına azami özen gösterilmiştir. Araştırma Kod No: 2025-260 Yazarlar olarak, bu çalışmada herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bulunmadığını ve verilerin doğruluğundan sorumlu olduğumuzu beyan ederiz.

References

  • 1. Musch, J., & Grondin, S. (2001). Unequal competition as an impediment to personal development: A review of the relative age effect in sport. Developmental Review, 21(2), 147–167.
  • 2. Cobley, S., Baker, J., Wattie, N., & McKenna, J. (2009). Annual age-grouping and athlete development: A meta-analytical review of relative age effects in sport. Sports Medicine, 39(3), 235–256.
  • 3. Albuquerque, M. R., Franchini, E., Lage, G. M., da Costa, V. T., Costa, I. T., & Malloy-Diniz, L. F. (2015). The relative age effect in combat sports: An analysis of Olympic judo athletes, 1964–2012. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 121(1), 300–308.
  • 4. Fukuda, D. H. (2015). Analysis of the relative age effect in elite youth judo athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(8), 1048–1051.
  • 5. Hancock, D. J., Adler, A. L., & Côté, J. (2013). A proposed theoretical model to explain relative age effects in sport. European Journal of Sport Science, 13(6), 630–637.
  • 6. Franchini, E., Del Vecchio, F. B., Matsushigue, K. A., & Artioli, G. G. (2011). Physiological profiles of elite judo athletes. Sports Medicine, 41(2), 147–166.
  • 7. Callister, R., Callister, R. J., Staron, R. S., Fleck, S. J., Tesch, P., & Dudley, G. A. (1991). Physiological characteristics of elite judo athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 12(2), 196–203.
  • 8. Castro-Piñero, J., Artero, E. G., España-Romero, V., Ortega, F. B., Sjöström, M., Suni, J., & Ruiz, J. R. (2010). Criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in youth: A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(13), 934–943.
  • 9. Ortega, F. B., Artero, E. G., Ruiz, J. R., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Bergman, P., Hagströmer, M., … Castillo, M. J. (2008). Reliability of health-related physical fitness tests in European adolescents. International Journal of Obesity, 32(Suppl. 5), S49–S57.
  • 10. Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • 11. Pauole, K., Madole, K., Garhammer, J., Lacourse, M., & Rozenek, R. (2000). Reliability and validity of the T-test as a measure of agility, leg power, and leg speed in college-aged men and women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14(4), 443–450.
  • 12. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
  • 13. Franchini, E., Fukuda, D. H., & Lopes-Silva, J. P. (2020). Tracking 25 years of judo results from the World Championships and Olympic Games: Age and competitive achievement. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(13), 1531–1538.
  • 14. Torres-Unda, J., Zarrazquin, I., Gil, J., Ruiz, F., Irazusta, A., Kortajarena, M., … Irazusta, J. (2013). Anthropometric, physiological and maturational characteristics in selected elite and non-elite male adolescent basketball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(2), 196–203.
  • 15. Nakata, H., & Sakamoto, K. (2012). Sex differences in relative age effects among Japanese athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 115(1), 179–186.
  • 16. Müller, L., Müller, E., Hildebrandt, C., & Raschner, C. (2016). Biological maturity status strongly intensifies the relative age effect in alpine ski racing. PLOS ONE, 11(8), e0160969.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Training
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Batuhan Çoksezen 0009-0007-7989-6901

Temel Çakiroğlu This is me 0000-0003-2367-1133

Submission Date March 25, 2025
Acceptance Date November 9, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

ISNAD Çoksezen, Batuhan - Çakiroğlu, Temel. “10-12 Yaş Grubu Judo Sporcularında Bağıl Yaş Etkisinin Fiziksel Ve Motorik Performans Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi”. Hitit Movement Science Journal 2/1 (December2025), 12-24.