Reflections of Beliefs in Mythology and Ancient Civilizations on the Discovery of Hypnotic and Oneirogenic Drugs Related to Sleep, Euthanasia, Dream and Lucid Dream
Abstract
This study examines the reflections of ancient civilizations, particularly Greek mythology, on central nervous system drugs. It focuses on the impact of symbolic figures such as Nyx (Goddess of Night), and her parthenogenetic offspring: Hypnos (God of Sleep), Thanatos (God of Death), the Oneiroi (Morpheus, Phobetor, and Phantasos), and Morpheus (God of Dreams and Imagination). This research aims to reveal overlooked connections between these mythological figures, ancient traditions, and the development of contemporary drugs related to sleep, euthanasia, dream, and lucid dream, all of which target the central nervous system. It also includes the possible reflections of other ancient civilizations across continents on these therapeutic medicines.
Keywords
Mythology Neuropharmacology Hypnotic and Oneirogenic central nervous drugs Deram, Lucid Dream
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
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| Subjects | Ethobotany, Natural Products and Bioactive Compounds, Biologically Active Molecules |
| Journal Section | Review |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | December 1, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | January 8, 2026 |
| Publication Date | January 31, 2026 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 |
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Dursun Ali KÖSE was born in Samsun Terme. He completed his undergraduate and graduate studies at Kars Kafkas University, Department of Chemistry, with his thesis titled "Synthesis of Nicotinamide and Diethylnicotinamide Complexes of Acetylsalicylates and Investigation of their Structures". Doctor title: Prof. Dr. He received his thesis title "Preparation and Structure Investigation of Biopotent Boron Compounds with Hydroxy-Functionalized Organic Molecules" at Hacettepe University, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, under the supervision of Birgül KARAN in 2008. Between 2009 and 2010, he worked as Research Assistant at Kafkas University, Department of Chemistry. See Dr. After working as an assistant at Çorum Hitit University, Department of Chemistry. Assoc. Dr. was appointed as. In 2010, for postdoctoral studies, Prof. Dr. It was found in Mike Becket's laboratories at the Bangor/Wales School of Chemistry. He received the title of Associate Professor at Hitit University in 2013 and the title of Professor at the same University in 2018.
Köse has around 140 scientific articles scanned by international indexes, around 90 papers presented at international conferences, and his studies on metal complexes and boron esters of biologically active ligands continue. He also has studies in the fields of Environment and Waste Management and Occupational Health and Safety.
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Güner SAKA was born in Tokat. He completed his undergraduate and graduate studies at Anadolu University, Department of Chemistry, with his thesis titled "Biotechnological removal of phenolics". Doctor title: Dr. He received his thesis title "Synthesis of RGD based polymers and cell interaction studies " at Eskişehir Technical University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, under the supervision of Arzu ERSÖZ in 2022. Between 2005 and 2010, he worked as Part time student at Anadolu University, Medicinal Plants, Drugs and Scientific Research Centre. See Dr. After working as an specialist at Çorum Hitit University, Department of Chemistry.
Associate Editors
Güner SAKA was born in Tokat. He completed his undergraduate and graduate studies at Anadolu University, Department of Chemistry, with his thesis titled "Biotechnological removal of phenolics". Doctor title: Dr. He received his thesis title "Synthesis of RGD based polymers and cell interaction studies " at Eskişehir Technical University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, under the supervision of Arzu ERSÖZ in 2022. Between 2005 and 2010, he worked as Part time student at Anadolu University, Medicinal Plants, Drugs and Scientific Research Centre. See Dr. After working as an specialist at Çorum Hitit University, Department of Chemistry.