Influence of Stem-cell Size and Culture Media Flowing Modality on Cell’s Fate within a Microchannel; a Numerical Analysis

Year 2021, , 241 - 246, 29.09.2021

Daver Ali

https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000234

Abstract

The dynamic cell culture process has been widely used in tissue engineering. The success of cell culture is influenced by many factors, one of which is how the cells are transferred from the bioreactor to the scaffolds through microchannels. The risk that can reduce the success of the cell culture process is that the cells do not reach the final destination correctly. In this study, the movement of stem cells through a microchannel was theoretically analysed using discrete phase computational fluid dynamics. Three factors of cell size, fluid flow rate and fluid viscosity were investigated on their sedimentation rate before reaching the microchannel outlet. Considering four sizes of 10, 15, 20 and 30 µm for cells, four flow rates of 20, 50, 90 and 180 µl/min in addition, four viscosities of 0.001, 0.005, 0.01 and 0.025 Pa.s were selected for culture media left us a total number of 64 models. The results of the analysis showed that cells with smaller size have a better chance of reaching the microchannel outlet and larger cells are more likely to sediment. Also, higher flow velocities as well as higher fluid viscosity delivering more cells to the destination. The results of this study shed more light on the regulation and control of dynamic cell culture parameters.

Keywords

Microchannel, Cell Culture, Stem-cells, DPM Analysis, CFD analysis

Project Number

Yok

References

• Wiriyasart, S., C. Hommalee, and P. Naphon, Thermal cooling enhancement of dual processors computer with thermoelectric air cooler module. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2019. 14: p. 100445.
• Jayamohan, H., et al., Chapter 11 - Advances in Microfluidics and Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies, in Molecular Diagnostics (Third Edition), G.P. Patrinos, Editor. 2017, Academic Press. p. 197-217.
• Andrade, J.R., E. Kussul, and T. Baydyk, Microchannel filter for air purification. Open Physics, 2020. 18: p. 241 - 254.
• Abdollahi, A., et al., Fluid flow and heat transfer of nanofluids in microchannel heat sink with V-type inlet/outlet arrangement. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2017. 56(1): p. 161-170.
• Narayanamurthy, V., et al., Microfluidic hydrodynamic trapping for single cell analysis: mechanisms, methods and applications. Analytical Methods, 2017. 9(25): p. 3751-3772.
• David J. Beebe, a. Glennys A. Mensing, and G.M. Walker, Physics and Applications of Microfluidics in Biology. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 2002. 4(1): p. 261-286.
• Moghadas, H., et al., Challenge in particle delivery to cells in a microfluidic device. Drug delivery and translational research, 2018. 8(3): p. 830-842.
• Morini, G.L., Single-phase convective heat transfer in microchannels: a review of experimental results. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2004. 43(7): p. 631-651.
• Hetsroni, G., et al., Fluid flow in micro-channels. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2005. 48(10): p. 1982-1998.
• Jin, Y., et al., Scale and size effects on fluid flow through self-affine rough fractures. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017. 105: p. 443-451.
• Cui, J. and Y.Y. Cui, Effects of Surface Wettability and Roughness on the Heat Transfer Performance of Fluid Flowing through Microchannels. Energies, 2015. 8(6): p. 5704-5724.
• Dai, B.M., M.X. Li, and Y.T. Ma, Effect of surface roughness on liquid friction and transition characteristics in micro- and mini-channels. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014. 67(1-2): p. 283-293.
• Wyma, A., et al., Non-Newtonian rheology in suspension cell cultures significantly impacts bioreactor shear stress quantification. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2018. 115(8): p. 2101-2113.
• Li, X., et al., In Vitro Recapitulation of Functional Microvessels for the Study of Endothelial Shear Response, Nitric Oxide and [Ca2+]i. PLOS ONE, 2015. 10(5): p. e0126797.
• Tehranirokh, M., et al., Microfluidic devices for cell cultivation and proliferation. Biomicrofluidics, 2013. 7(5): p. 051502.
• Lesman, A., Y. Blinder, and S. Levenberg, Modeling of flow-induced shear stress applied on 3D cellular scaffolds: Implications for vascular tissue engineering. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2010. 105(3): p. 645-654.
• Ali, D., et al., Permeability and fluid flow-induced wall shear stress in bone scaffolds with TPMS and lattice architectures: A CFD analysis. European Journal of Mechanics-B/Fluids, 2020. 79: p. 376-385.
• Huber, D., et al., Hydrodynamics in Cell Studies. Chemical reviews, 2018. 118(4): p. 2042-2079.
• Shelby, J.P., et al., A microfluidic model for single-cell capillary obstruction by <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>-infected erythrocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2003. 100(25): p. 14618-14622.
• Korin, N., et al., Design of well and groove microchannel bioreactors for cell culture. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2009. 102(4): p. 1222-1230.
• Coluccio, M.L., et al., Microfluidic platforms for cell cultures and investigations. Microelectronic Engineering, 2019. 208: p. 14-28.
• Marimuthu, M. and S. Kim, Continuous oxygen supply in pump-less micro-bioreactor based on microfluidics. BioChip Journal, 2015. 9(1): p. 1-9.
• Byun, C.K., et al., Pumps for microfluidic cell culture. Electrophoresis, 2014. 35(2-3): p. 245-57.
• Kendall, K. and A.D. Roberts, van der Waals forces influencing adhesion of cells. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2015. 370(1661): p. 20140078.
• Bao, F., et al., Numerical Study of Nanoparticle Deposition in a Gaseous Microchannel under the Influence of Various Forces. 2021. 12(1).
• Liu, Z., et al., Cell Seeding Process Experiment and Simulation on Three-Dimensional Polyhedron and Cross-Link Design Scaffolds. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2020. 8(104).
• Olivares, A.L. and D. Lacroix, Simulation of Cell Seeding Within a Three-Dimensional Porous Scaffold: A Fluid-Particle Analysis. Tissue Engineering Part C-Methods, 2012. 18(8): p. 624-631.
• Robu, A., A. Neagu, and L. Stoicu-Tivadar, Cell seeding of tissue engineering scaffolds studied by Monte Carlo simulations. Stud Health Technol Inform, 2011. 169: p. 882-6.
• Campos Marin, A. and D. Lacroix, Computational Simulation of Cell Seeding in a Tissue Engineering Scaffold, in Multiscale Mechanobiology in Tissue Engineering, D. Lacroix, et al., Editors. 2019, Springer Singapore: Singapore. p. 81-104.
• Lee, H., et al., Computational fluid dynamics for enhanced tracheal bioreactor design and long-segment graft recellularization. Scientific Reports, 2021. 11(1): p. 1187.
• Marin, A.C., et al., µ-Particle tracking velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics study of cell seeding within a 3D porous scaffold. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2017. 75(Supplement C): p. 463-469.
• Ali, D., Effect of scaffold architecture on cell seeding efficiency: A discrete phase model CFD analysis. Computers in biology and medicine, 2019. 109: p. 62-69.
• Natu, R. and R. Martinez-Duarte, Numerical Model of Streaming DEP for Stem Cell Sorting. Micromachines, 2016. 7(12): p. 217.
• Sun, J., et al. Size-based hydrodynamic rare tumor cell separation in curved microfluidic channels. Biomicrofluidics, 2013. 7, 11802 DOI: 10.1063/1.4774311.
• Cámara-Torres, M., et al., Improving cell distribution on 3D additive manufactured scaffolds through engineered seeding media density and viscosity. Acta Biomaterialia, 2020. 101: p. 183-195.
• Ge, J., et al., The size of mesenchymal stem cells is a significant cause of vascular obstructions and stroke. Stem Cell Rev Rep, 2014. 10(2): p. 295-303.
• Vossenberg, P., et al., Darcian permeability constant as indicator for shear stresses in regular scaffold systems for tissue engineering. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 2009. 8(6): p. 499.
• Xue, X., et al., Analysis of fluid separation in microfluidic T-channels. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2012. 36(2): p. 743-755.
• Morsi, S.A. and A.J. Alexander, An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2006. 55(2): p. 193-208.
• Morsi, S.A. and A.J. Alexander, An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1972. 55(2): p. 193-208.
• Morsi, S.A. and A.J. Alexander, An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1972. 55(2): p. 193-208.
• Del Giudice, F., et al., Particle alignment in a viscoelastic liquid flowing in a square-shaped microchannel. Lab on a Chip, 2013. 13(21): p. 4263-4271.
• Yun, H., K. Kim, and W.G. Lee, Effect of a dual inlet channel on cell loading in microfluidics. Biomicrofluidics, 2014. 8(6): p. 066501-066501.
• Kang, D.-H., K. Kim, and Y.-J. Kim, An anti-clogging method for improving the performance and lifespan of blood plasma separation devices in real-time and continuous microfluidic systems. Scientific Reports, 2018. 8(1): p. 17015.
• Couzon, C., A. Duperray, and C. Verdier, Critical stresses for cancer cell detachment in microchannels. Eur Biophys J, 2009. 38(8): p. 1035-47.