Effects of Soil Geotechnical Properties on the Prediction of Optimal Dimensions of Restricted Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 205 - 213, 30.09.2020

Aylin Ece Kayabekir Zulal Akbay Arama Gebrail Bekdas Ilknur Dalyan

https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000190

Cited By: 3

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of soil properties associated with the project requirements and environmental conditions, on the prediction of the design dimensions of L-Shaped restricted reinforced concrete retaining walls by the use of optimization algorithms. Numerous parametric analysis was conducted with Flower Pollination Algorithm to examine the influence of soil geotechnical properties such as internal friction angle and unit weight. The backfill soil, surrounding earth and foundation soil was modelled same and assumed to be comprised of granular soils for modelling. Additionally, dual effects of external surcharge load application and excavation depth change was also analyzed against the change of soil properties. As a result, the change of the retaining wall height and the foundation base width has been discussed and the achievement of the cost-effective optimized sizing of the system has been obtained. Finally, the design differences caused by the changes in soil properties have been revealed and the practicalness of the use of the optimization algorithms for the design of restricted type of retaining walls are shown.

Keywords

Soil properties, Granular soils, L-Shaped retaining walls, Flower Pollination Algorithm, Optimization

References

• 1. Bowles JE. Foundation analysis and design, fifth ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988.
• 2. Das BM, Sobhan K. Principles of geotechnical engineering, eighth ed. Cengage Learning, Stamford, 2010.
• 3. Yıldırım S. Zemin incelemesi ve temel tasarımı, Third ed. Birsen Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2002.
• 4. Azizi F. Applied Analyses in geotechnics, first ed. E & FN Spon, London, 2000.
• 5. Sasidhar T, Neeraja D, Sudhindra VSM. Application of genetic algorithm technique for optimizing design of reinforced concrete retaining wall. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 8(5) (2017) 999-1007.
• 6. Rouili A. Design of Rigid L- Shaped Retaining Walls. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Civil Science and Engineering 7(12) (2013) 908-911.
• 7. Ceranic B, Fryer C, Baines RW. An application of simulated annealing to the optimum design of reinforced concrete retaining structures. Computers & Structures 79(17) (2001) 1569-1581.
• 8. Ahmadi-Nedushan B, Varaee H. Optimal Design of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls using a Swarm Intelligence Technique. in Topping BHV, Tsompanakis Y (Eds). Paper presented at the first International Conference on Soft Computing Technology in Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Stirlingshire, January 2009.
• 9. Camp CV, Akin A. Design of Retaining Walls Using Big Bang-Big Crunch Optimization. Journal of Structural Engineering 138(3) (2012) 438-448.
• 10. Kaveh A, Kalateh-Ahani M, Fahimi-Farzam M. Constructability optimal design of reinforced concrete retaining walls using a multiobjective genetic algorithm, Structural Engineering and Mechanics 47(2) (2013) 227-245.
• 11. Bekdas G, Temur R. Grey Wolf Optimizer for Optimum Design of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Walls. Paper presented at International Conference of Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics (ICNAAM), Thessaloniki, 25-30 September 2017.
• 12. Uray E, Çarbaş S, Erkan İH, Tan Ö. Parametric investigation for discrete optimum design of a cantilever retaining wall. Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 5(3) (2019) 108-120.
• 13. Coulomb CA. Essai sur une application des regles des maximis et minimis a quelques problemes de statique relatifs a l’artitecture. De l'Imprimerie Royale, Paris, 1776.
• 14. Rankine WJM. On the stability of loose earth, The Royal Society, London, 1857.
• 15. Terzaghi K. General wedge theory of earth pressure, Transactions, ASCE. 106 (1941) 68-97.
• 16. Dembicki E, Chi T, System analysis in calculation of cantilever retaining walls. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 13(6) (1989) 599-610. 17. Powrie W. Limit equilibrium analysis of embedded retaining walls. Geotechnique 46(4) (1996) 709-723.
• 18. Alyasseri ZAA, Khader AT, Al-Betar MA, Awadallah MA, Yang XS. Variants of the flower pollination algorithm: a review. Studies in Computational Intelligence 744 (2018) 91–118.
• 19. Mergos PE, Mantoglou F. Optimum design of reinforced concrete retaining walls with the flower pollination algorithm. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 61 (2020) 575–585.
• 20. Yang XS. Flower Pollination Algorithm for Global Optimization. In: Durand-Lose J., Jonoska N. (eds) Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation (UCNC 2012), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7445 (2012) 240-249.
• 21. ACI 318. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary. ACI Committee, 2014