Identification of Antioxidant Activity by Different Methods of a Freshwater Alga Microspora Sp. Collected From a High Mountain Lake

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 25 - 29, 28.03.2019

Bulent Akar Zeynep Akar Bulent Sahin

https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000129

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Algae contain a large amount of biological active compounds functioning as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-tumour. In the present research, antioxidant activity of freshwater alga Microspora sp. Chlorophyta extract prepared in different solvents methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate was determined with three different methods; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH• , Iron III Reduction / Antioxidant Power FRAP Assay and Copper II Reductive Antioxidant Activity CUPRAC . The alga samples collected from the high mountain lake 2733 m above sea level localized in Gümüşhane province of Turkey. The algal extracts prepared in different solvents showed antioxidant activity. The values of DPPH• varied from 8.97% in acetonitrile extract to 31.15% in methanol extract . As in the DPPH• method, the lowest and highest values in the FRAP method were measured based on μM TEAC Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity in methanol and acetonitrile extracts as 60.303 μM and 359.394 μM respectively. While the lowest value of CUPRAC test was determined in acetonitrile extract 0.041 μM TEAC as in the other tests, highest value was measured in ethanol extract 0.101 μM TEAC . The values of highest antioxidant activity in both DPPH• and FRAP methods was measured in the methanol solvent whilst was determined in the ethanol solvent for CUPRAC.

Keywords

Algae, Microspora sp., Antioxidant, DPPH•, FRAP, CUPRAC

References

• Safafar H, Van Wagenen J, Mİller P, Jacobsen C. Carotenoids, phenolic compounds and tocopherols contribute to the antioxidative properties of some microalgae species grown on industrial wastewater. Marine Drugs 13 (2015) 7339- 7356.
• Balakrishnan D, Kandasamy D, Nithyanand P. A review on Antioxidant activity of marine organisms. International Journal of Chem Tech Research 6 (2014) 3431-3436.
• Ertürk O, Taş, B. Antibacterial and antifungal effects of some marine algae. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 17 (2011) 121-124.
• Machu L, Misurcova L, Vavra Ambrozova J, Orsavova J, Mlcek J, Sochor J, Jurikova T. Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in algal food products. Molecules 20 (2015) 1118-1133.
• Freile-Pelegrín Y, Robledo D. Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Algae, in: Hernández-Ledesma B, Herrero M (Eds.) Bioactive Compounds from Marine Foods: Plant and Animal Sources. First Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, West Sussex, UK, pp. 113–129, 2014.
• Prescott, G. W. Algae of the western Great Lakes area, Fourth printing., Cranbrook Institute of Science Bulletin, USA, 1970
• Sheath RG, Wehr JD. Freshwater algae of North America: ecology and classification, Academic Press, An imprint of Elsevier Science, San Diego, California, 2003. Gönülol A, Öztürk M, Öztürk MA. check-list of the freshwater algae of Turkey. OMÜ Fen Edeb Fak Fen Dergisi 7 (1996) 8-46.
• Aysel V. Check-list of the freshwater algae of Turkey. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 11 (2005) 1-124.
• Orhan I, Sener B, Atıcı T, Brun R, Perozzo R, Tasdemir D. Turkish freshwater and marine macrophyte extracts show in vitro antiprotozoal activity and inhibit FabI, a key enzyme of Plasmodium falciparum fatty acid biosynthesis. Phytomedicine 13 (2006) 388-393.
• Katircioglu H, Beyatli Y, Aslim B, Yüksekdag Z, Atici T. Screening for Antimicrobial Agent Production of Some Freshwater. Microbiology 2 (2006) 1-5.
• Kartal M, Orhan I, Abu-Asaker M, Senol FS, Atici T, Sener B. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase assets and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry preface of various fresh-water and marine macroalgae. Pharmacognosy Magazine 5 (2009) 291-297.
• Demiriz T, Cokmus C, Pabuccu K. Antimicrobial Activity of Some Algal Species Belonging to Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta. Asian Journal of Chemistry 23 (2011) 1384- 1386.
• Cakmak YS, Kaya M, Asan-Ozusaglam M. Biochemical composition and bioactivity screening of various extracts from Dunaliella salina, a green microalga. EXCLI Journal 13 (2014) 679-690.
• Taş B, Ertürk Ö, Yılmaz Ö, Çol Ayvaz M, Ertürk EY Chemical components and biological activities of two freshwater green algae from Ordu, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 40 (2015) 508-517.
• Laungsuwon R, Chulalaksananukul W. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of freshwater green algae, Cladophora glomerata and Microspora floccosa, from Nan River in northern Thailand. Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology 7 (2013) 181-188.
• Kosasu T, Wongklom A, Moonsin P. Total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of fresh water macroalgae from Ubon Ratchathani. Thailand. Journal of Food Science and Agricultural Technology 1 (2015) 207-210.
• Suanmali W, Moonmaun S, Phoomyai P. Efficiency of Antioxidant Compounds from Macro Edible Algae. Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 11 (2007) 173-178.
• Cuendet M, Hostettmann K, Potterat O, Dyatmiko W. Iridoid glucosides with free radical scavenging properties from Fagraea blumei. Helvetica Chimica Acta 80 (1997) 1144- 1152.
• Benzie IF, Strain JJ. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry 239 (1996) 70-76.
• Prior RL, Wu X, Schaich K. Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53 (2005) 4290-4302.
• Apak R, Güçlü K, Özyürek M, Karademir SE. Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52 (2004) 7970-7981.
• Kumar KS, Ganesan K, Rao PS. Antioxidant potential of solvent extracts of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty–An edible seaweed. Food Chemistry 107 (2008) 289-295.
• El-Aty AMA, Mohamed AA, Samhan FA. In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two fresh water Cyanobacterial species, Oscillatoria agardhii and Anabaena sphaerica. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 4 (2014) 69-75.
• Mancini-Filho J, Vidal-Novoa A., Silva, AMO. Antioxidant properties of algal components and fractions. In Herminia Dommguez (Eds.) Functional Ingredients from Algae for Foods and Nutraceuticals, Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition:Number 256, pp. 255-286, 2013.
• Benzie IF. An automated, specific, spectrophotometric method for measuring ascorbic acid in plasma (EFTSA). Clinical Biochemistry. 29 (1996) 111-116.