1. Coulomb A, Dupon D, Pichard JL. The Role of Refrigeration in
the Global Economy-29th Informatory Note on Refrigeration
Technologies. International Institute of Refrigeration, Paris,France
(2015).
2. Catalan-Gil Jesús, Sanchez LR, Andres D, Ramon LC. Energy
analysis of dedicated and integrated mechanical subcooled CO2
boosters for supermarket applications. International Journal of
Refrigeration 101 (2019) 11–23.
3. Nicola GD, Polonara F, Stryjek R, Arteconi A. Performance of
Cascade Cycles Working with Blends of CO2 Natural Refrigerants.
International Journal of Refrıgeration 34 (2011) 1436-1445.
4. Demirci E, Ozkaymak M, Kosan M, Akkoc AE, Aktas M. Doğal
Soğutucu Akışkan Kullanımında Gelişmeler. Gazi Journal of
Engineering Sciences 6(3) (2020) 184-199.
5. Abas N, Kalair AR, Khan N, Haider A, Saleem Z, Saleem MS. Natural
and synthetic refrigerants, global warming: a review. Renewable
Sustainable Energy Reviews 90 (2018) 557–569.
6. Luiz HPM, Raiza BCN, Stella MRC, Hugo VA, José VHA.
Thermodynamic performance evaluation of a cascade refrigeration
system with mixed refrigerants: R744/R1270, R744/R717 and R744/
RE170. International Journal of Refrigeration 106 (2019) 201-212.
7. Kasi P, Cheralathan, M. Performance analysis of cascade
refrigeration system with alternative refrigerants to reduce carbon
emission. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 148 (2023)
4389–4399.
8. Mofrad KG, Zandi S, Salehi G, Manesh MHK. 4E analyses and
multi-objective optimization of cascade refrigeration cycles with
heat recovery system. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress
19 (2020) 100613.
9. Soni S, Mishra P, Maheshwari G, Verma DS. Theoretical estimation
of efficiency defect in cascade refrigeration system using low global
warming potential refrigerant pair. Materials Today: Proceedings
59(1) (2022) 1040-1044.
10. Ozyurt A, Erdonmez N, Yılmaz B, Yılmaz D, Sevindir MK,
Mancuhan E. CO2/NH3 kaskat soğutma sisteminin termodinamik
analizi ve performans değerlendirmesi. 12. Ulusal Tesisat
Mühendisliği Kongresi, İzmir, (2015) 1101-1110.
11. Sun Z, Liang Y, Liu S, Ji W, Zang R, Liang R, Guo Z. Comparative
analysis of thermodynamic performance of a cascade refrigeration
system for refrigerant couples R41/R404A and R23/R404A. Applied
Energy 184 (2016) 19-25.
12. Silva AD, Filho EPB, Antunes AHP. Comparison of a R744 Cascade
Refrigeration System with R404A and R22 Conventional Systems or
Supermarkets. Applied Thermal Engineering 41(2012) 30-35.
13. Huang C, Li Z, Ye Z, Wang R. Thermodynamic study of carbon
dioxide transcritical refrigeration cycle with dedicated subcooling
and cascade recooling. International Journal of Refrigeration 137
(2022) 80-90.
14. Chi W, Yang Q, Chen X, Liu G, Zhao Y, Li L. Performance evaluation
of NH3/CO2 cascade refrigeration system with ejector subcooling
for low-temperature cycle. International Journal of Refrigeration
136 (2022) 162-171.
15. Yan G, Hu H, Yu J. Performance evaluation on an internal autocascade
refrigeration cycle with mixture refrigerant R290/R600a.
Applied Thermal Engineering 75 (2015) 994-1000.
16. Cabello R, Andreu-Nácher A, Sánchez D, Llopis R, Vidan-Falomir
F. Energy comparison based on experimental results of a cascade
refrigeration system pairing R744 with R134a, R1234ze(E) and the
natural refrigerants R290, R1270, R600a. International Journal of
Refrigeration 148 (2023) 131-142.
17. Zhu YD, Peng ZR, Wang GB, Zhang XR. Thermodynamic analysis
of a novel multi-target-temperature cascade cycle for refrigeration.
Energy Conversion and Management 243 (2021) 114380.
18. Calm JM, Hourahan GC. Refrigerant data summary. Eng Syst 18
(2001)74–78.
19. Kilicarslan A, Hosoz M. Energy and irreversibility analysis of a
cascade refrigeration system for various refrigerant couples. Energy
Conversion Managment 51 (2010) 2947–54.
20. Alhamid MI, Syaka DR. Exergy and energy analysis of a cascade
refrigeration system using R744+ R170 for low temperature
applications. International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics
Engineering. 10(6) (2010) 1-8.
21. Erten S, Koşan M, Isgen F, Demirci E, Aktaş M. Thermodynamic
Analysis of Industrial Cooling Systems with the Usage of Different
Types of Evaporators: Experimental Study. Gazi University Journal
of Science. 34(4) (2021) 1145-1161.
22. Arora A, Kaushik SC. Theoretical analysis of a vapour compression
refrigeration system with R502, R404A and R507A. International
Journal of Refrigeration 31(6) (2008) 998–1005.
23. Ust Y, Karakurt AS. Analysis of a Cascade Refrigeration System
(CRS) by Using Different Refrigerant Couples Based on the
Exergetic Performance Coefficient (EPC) Criterion. Arabian
Journal for Science and Engineering 39 (2014) 8147–8156.
24. Ust Y, Karakurt AS. Gunes U. Performance Analysis of
Multipurpose Refrigeration System (MRS) on Fishing Vessel.
Polish Maritime Research 23(2) (2016) 48-56.
25. Tripathi R, Tiwari G, Dwivedi V. Overall energy, exergy and carbon
credit analysis of N partially covered photovoltaic thermal (PVT)
concentrating collector connected in series. Solar Energy 136 (2016)
260-267.
Energy, Exergy, and Environment Performance Evaluation of Cascade Refrigeration System with Natural Refrigerants
Year 2023,
Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 243 - 248, 30.09.2023
Cascade refrigeration systems are preferred in applications where low temperature cooling is required, such as in some special industrial and laboratory applications. Since, in these systems, the energy consumed by the compressors is less and the compressor outlet temperature is lower. Due to environmental problems, the use of natural refrigerants in cascade refrigeration systems has become to be of great importance. In this study, two cascade systems consisting of R744/R290 (System 1) and R1270/R290 (System 2) natural refrigerant pairs were designed and thermodynamically examined. In the analyzes performed according to different evaporator temperatures, the highest COP value was 3.66 at -20℃ evaporating temperature was obtained in the cascade system consisting of the R1270/R290 refrigerant pair. Moreover, it was considered that there was a 17.95% enhancement in exergy efficiency with the use of R1270 refrigerant in the low temperature cycle. By the rise in the evaporator temperature, energy consumption decreases and as a result, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions reduced was attained.
1. Coulomb A, Dupon D, Pichard JL. The Role of Refrigeration in
the Global Economy-29th Informatory Note on Refrigeration
Technologies. International Institute of Refrigeration, Paris,France
(2015).
2. Catalan-Gil Jesús, Sanchez LR, Andres D, Ramon LC. Energy
analysis of dedicated and integrated mechanical subcooled CO2
boosters for supermarket applications. International Journal of
Refrigeration 101 (2019) 11–23.
3. Nicola GD, Polonara F, Stryjek R, Arteconi A. Performance of
Cascade Cycles Working with Blends of CO2 Natural Refrigerants.
International Journal of Refrıgeration 34 (2011) 1436-1445.
4. Demirci E, Ozkaymak M, Kosan M, Akkoc AE, Aktas M. Doğal
Soğutucu Akışkan Kullanımında Gelişmeler. Gazi Journal of
Engineering Sciences 6(3) (2020) 184-199.
5. Abas N, Kalair AR, Khan N, Haider A, Saleem Z, Saleem MS. Natural
and synthetic refrigerants, global warming: a review. Renewable
Sustainable Energy Reviews 90 (2018) 557–569.
6. Luiz HPM, Raiza BCN, Stella MRC, Hugo VA, José VHA.
Thermodynamic performance evaluation of a cascade refrigeration
system with mixed refrigerants: R744/R1270, R744/R717 and R744/
RE170. International Journal of Refrigeration 106 (2019) 201-212.
7. Kasi P, Cheralathan, M. Performance analysis of cascade
refrigeration system with alternative refrigerants to reduce carbon
emission. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 148 (2023)
4389–4399.
8. Mofrad KG, Zandi S, Salehi G, Manesh MHK. 4E analyses and
multi-objective optimization of cascade refrigeration cycles with
heat recovery system. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress
19 (2020) 100613.
9. Soni S, Mishra P, Maheshwari G, Verma DS. Theoretical estimation
of efficiency defect in cascade refrigeration system using low global
warming potential refrigerant pair. Materials Today: Proceedings
59(1) (2022) 1040-1044.
10. Ozyurt A, Erdonmez N, Yılmaz B, Yılmaz D, Sevindir MK,
Mancuhan E. CO2/NH3 kaskat soğutma sisteminin termodinamik
analizi ve performans değerlendirmesi. 12. Ulusal Tesisat
Mühendisliği Kongresi, İzmir, (2015) 1101-1110.
11. Sun Z, Liang Y, Liu S, Ji W, Zang R, Liang R, Guo Z. Comparative
analysis of thermodynamic performance of a cascade refrigeration
system for refrigerant couples R41/R404A and R23/R404A. Applied
Energy 184 (2016) 19-25.
12. Silva AD, Filho EPB, Antunes AHP. Comparison of a R744 Cascade
Refrigeration System with R404A and R22 Conventional Systems or
Supermarkets. Applied Thermal Engineering 41(2012) 30-35.
13. Huang C, Li Z, Ye Z, Wang R. Thermodynamic study of carbon
dioxide transcritical refrigeration cycle with dedicated subcooling
and cascade recooling. International Journal of Refrigeration 137
(2022) 80-90.
14. Chi W, Yang Q, Chen X, Liu G, Zhao Y, Li L. Performance evaluation
of NH3/CO2 cascade refrigeration system with ejector subcooling
for low-temperature cycle. International Journal of Refrigeration
136 (2022) 162-171.
15. Yan G, Hu H, Yu J. Performance evaluation on an internal autocascade
refrigeration cycle with mixture refrigerant R290/R600a.
Applied Thermal Engineering 75 (2015) 994-1000.
16. Cabello R, Andreu-Nácher A, Sánchez D, Llopis R, Vidan-Falomir
F. Energy comparison based on experimental results of a cascade
refrigeration system pairing R744 with R134a, R1234ze(E) and the
natural refrigerants R290, R1270, R600a. International Journal of
Refrigeration 148 (2023) 131-142.
17. Zhu YD, Peng ZR, Wang GB, Zhang XR. Thermodynamic analysis
of a novel multi-target-temperature cascade cycle for refrigeration.
Energy Conversion and Management 243 (2021) 114380.
18. Calm JM, Hourahan GC. Refrigerant data summary. Eng Syst 18
(2001)74–78.
19. Kilicarslan A, Hosoz M. Energy and irreversibility analysis of a
cascade refrigeration system for various refrigerant couples. Energy
Conversion Managment 51 (2010) 2947–54.
20. Alhamid MI, Syaka DR. Exergy and energy analysis of a cascade
refrigeration system using R744+ R170 for low temperature
applications. International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics
Engineering. 10(6) (2010) 1-8.
21. Erten S, Koşan M, Isgen F, Demirci E, Aktaş M. Thermodynamic
Analysis of Industrial Cooling Systems with the Usage of Different
Types of Evaporators: Experimental Study. Gazi University Journal
of Science. 34(4) (2021) 1145-1161.
22. Arora A, Kaushik SC. Theoretical analysis of a vapour compression
refrigeration system with R502, R404A and R507A. International
Journal of Refrigeration 31(6) (2008) 998–1005.
23. Ust Y, Karakurt AS. Analysis of a Cascade Refrigeration System
(CRS) by Using Different Refrigerant Couples Based on the
Exergetic Performance Coefficient (EPC) Criterion. Arabian
Journal for Science and Engineering 39 (2014) 8147–8156.
24. Ust Y, Karakurt AS. Gunes U. Performance Analysis of
Multipurpose Refrigeration System (MRS) on Fishing Vessel.
Polish Maritime Research 23(2) (2016) 48-56.
25. Tripathi R, Tiwari G, Dwivedi V. Overall energy, exergy and carbon
credit analysis of N partially covered photovoltaic thermal (PVT)
concentrating collector connected in series. Solar Energy 136 (2016)
260-267.
Koşan M. Energy, Exergy, and Environment Performance Evaluation of Cascade Refrigeration System with Natural Refrigerants. Hittite J Sci Eng. 2023;10(3):243-8.