Research Article
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Investigation of the Defect Effects on the Load-Carrying Capacity of Butt Joints: A Numerical Study

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 105 - 113, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000337

Abstract

Determining the behavior of joints under a specific load and estimating the damage potential is essential for ensuring the durability of joints in engineering structures. Defects might occur at the adhesive layer, which causes a reduction in the durability of joints. This work aims to examine the effects of the defect presence, defect volume fraction, defect position, and random distribution of defects at the adhesive layer on the durability of the butt joint. A finite element (FE) model of the butt joint was constructed using the commercially available FE software Abaqus/Standard. The validation of the FE model was conducted by comparing its results with experimental finding reported in existing literature. Numerical and experimental results showed strong agreement, with relative errors of 2.46% and 2.95% at peak force and displacement at peak force, respectively. Defect presence significantly influences the durability of the butt joint. Defect volume fraction and defect location are the dominant parameters affecting the durability of the butt joint. The square defects at the center of the bonding layer, with volume fractions of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15, lowers the peak force by 5.08%, 10.56%, and 15.73%, respectively. When the defect is positioned at the center of the bonding layer, adhesive failure starts at the edges of the defects. However, relocating the defect from the center to the left or upper side of the bonding layer results in adhesive failure initiation at the corresponding edges of the adhesive. Random defect distribution in the adhesive layer doesn’t affect joint durability.

References

  • 1. Moya-Sanz EM, Ivañez I, Garcia-Castillo SK. Effect of the geometry in the strength of single-lap adhesive joints of composite laminates under uniaxial tensile load. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2017;72:23–9.
  • 2. Shishesaz M, Hosseini M. Effects of joint geometry and material on stress distribution, strength and failure of bonded composite joints: an overview. J Adhes. 2020;96:1053–121.
  • 3. Geleta TN, Woo K, Cairns DS, Samborsky D. Failure behavior of inclined thick adhesive joints with manufacturing defect. J Mech Sci Technol. 2018;32:2173–82.
  • 4. Sadeghi MZ, Gabener A, Zimmermann J, Saravana K, Weiland J, Reisgen U, et al. Failure load prediction of adhesively bonded single lap joints by using various FEM techniques. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2020;97:102493.
  • 5. Chu Y, Sun L, Zhan B, Yang X, Zhang C, Huang W. Static and dynamic behavior of unbalanced bonded joints with adhesion defects in automotive structures. Compos Struct. 2019;226:111234.
  • 6. Shang X, Marques EAS, Machado JJM, Carbas RJC, Jiang D, da Silva LFM. Review on techniques to improve the strength of adhesive joints with composite adherends. Compos Part B Eng. 2019;177:107363.
  • 7. Rocha RJB, Campilho RDSG. Detailed investigation of the analysis conditions in the evaluation of bonded joints by cohesive zone models. J Phys Conf Ser. 2017;843:012002.
  • 8. Heidarpour F, Farahani M, Ghabezi P. Experimental investigation of the effects of adhesive defects on the single lap joint strength. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2018;80:128–32.
  • 9. Guo W, Chen P, Yu L, Peng G, Zhao Y, Gao F. Numerical analysis of the strength and interfacial behaviour of adhesively bonded joints with varying bondline thicknesses. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2020;98:102553.
  • 10. Kanani AY, Hou X, Laidlaw R, Ye J. The effect of joint configuration on the strength and stress distributions of dissimilar adhesively bonded joints. Eng Struct. 2021;226:111322.
  • 11. Elhannani M, Madani K, Chama Z, Legrand E, Touzain S, Feaugas X. Influence of the presence of defects on the adhesive layer for the single-lap bonded joint—Part II: Probabilistic assessment of the critical state. Aerosp Sci Technol. 2017;63:372–86.
  • 12. Majid J-O, Mohammad Reza MS. Investigation of Defect Effects on Adhesively Bonded Joint Strength Using Cohesive Zone Modeling. Strojnícky Cas – J Mech Eng. 2018;68:5–24.
  • 13. Luo G, Chai C, Liu J, Xiao Y, Chen Y, Xu F. Investigations on the Mechanical Properties of Composite T-Joints with Defects under Bending Loading. Sustainability. 2022;14:16609.
  • 14. Xu W, Wei Y. Strength analysis of metallic bonded joints containing defects. Comput Mater Sci. 2012;53:444–50.
  • 15. Elhannani M, Madani K, Legrand E, Touzain S, Feaugas X. Numerical analysis of the effect of the presence, number and shape of bonding defect on the shear stresses distribution in an adhesive layer for the single-lap bonded joint; Part 1. Aerosp Sci Technol. 2017;62:122–35.
  • 16. Dai T, Yang Y, Dai H-L, Hu Z. Interfacial stress analysis of a CFRR-metal adhesively bonded joint with/without defect under hygrothermal environment. Appl Math Model. 2019;67:357–77.
  • 17. Fame CM, Wu C, Feng P, Tam L. Numerical investigations on the damage tolerance of adhesively bonded pultruded GFRP joints with adhesion defects. Compos Struct. 2022;301:116223.
  • 18. Kumar RS. Mode-II interlaminar fracture of composite materials in the presence of randomly distributed defects. Int J Fract. 2021;231:201–21.
  • 19. Ribeiro FMF, Campilho RDSG, Carbas RJC, da Silva LFM. Strength and damage growth in composite bonded joints with defects. Compos Part B Eng. 2016;100:91–100.
  • 20. Sahin R, Akpinar S. The effects of adherend thickness on the fatigue strength of adhesively bonded single-lap joints. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2021;107:102845.
  • 21. Çalık A, Yıldırım S. An investigation on the effect of parallel slot in bi-adhesive single lap joints with spew fillet. J Eng Res. 2015;3:36.
  • 22. Çalık A, Akpınar S. Dört Nokta Eğme Yüküne Maruz Yapıştırma Bağlantılarında İç Kademenin Bağlantı Hasar Yüküne Etkisi: Deneysel ve Sayısal Analiz. Osman Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilim Enstitüsü Derg. 2022;5:1128–40.
  • 23. Liao L, Huang C, Sawa T. Effect of adhesive thickness, adhesive type and scarf angle on the mechanical properties of scarf adhesive joints. Int J Solids Struct. 2013;50:4333–40.
  • 24. Chen P, Guo W, Zhao Y, Li E, Yang Y, Liu H. Numerical analysis of the strength and interfacial properties of adhesive joints with graded adherends. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2019;90:88–96.
  • 25. Liao L, Huang C. Numerical analysis of effects of adhesive type and geometry on mixed-mode failure of adhesive joint. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2016;68:389–96.
  • 26. Benzeggagh ML, Kenane M. Measurement of mixed-mode delamination fracture toughness of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites with mixed-mode bending apparatus. Compos Sci Technol. 1996;56:439–49.
  • 27. Kanar B, Akpinar S, Avinc Akpinar I, Akbulut H, Ozel A. The fracture behaviour of nanostructure added adhesives under ambient temperature and thermal cyclic conditions. Theor Appl Fract Mech. 2018;97:120–30.
  • 28. Kazaz I, Akpinar S, Ozel A. The effects of thermal cycle and nanostructure reinforcement on the shear load in adhesively bonded joints. Mech Adv Mater Struct. 2020;27:1627–38.
  • 29. Akpınar S, Çalık A. Dört Noktalı Eğme Testi Altında Yapıştırıcı ile Birleştirilmiş Bindirme Bağlantısının Deneysel ve Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendis Fakültesi Derg. 2021;36:649–57.
  • 30. Kumar RS. Effects of randomly distributed defects on Mode-I interlaminar fracture of composite materials. Eng Fract Mech. 2021;248:107699.
  • 31. Ribeiro FL, Borges L, d’Almeida JRM. Numerical stress analysis of carbon-fibre-reinforced epoxy composite single-lap joints. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2011;31:331–7.
Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 105 - 113, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000337

Abstract

References

  • 1. Moya-Sanz EM, Ivañez I, Garcia-Castillo SK. Effect of the geometry in the strength of single-lap adhesive joints of composite laminates under uniaxial tensile load. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2017;72:23–9.
  • 2. Shishesaz M, Hosseini M. Effects of joint geometry and material on stress distribution, strength and failure of bonded composite joints: an overview. J Adhes. 2020;96:1053–121.
  • 3. Geleta TN, Woo K, Cairns DS, Samborsky D. Failure behavior of inclined thick adhesive joints with manufacturing defect. J Mech Sci Technol. 2018;32:2173–82.
  • 4. Sadeghi MZ, Gabener A, Zimmermann J, Saravana K, Weiland J, Reisgen U, et al. Failure load prediction of adhesively bonded single lap joints by using various FEM techniques. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2020;97:102493.
  • 5. Chu Y, Sun L, Zhan B, Yang X, Zhang C, Huang W. Static and dynamic behavior of unbalanced bonded joints with adhesion defects in automotive structures. Compos Struct. 2019;226:111234.
  • 6. Shang X, Marques EAS, Machado JJM, Carbas RJC, Jiang D, da Silva LFM. Review on techniques to improve the strength of adhesive joints with composite adherends. Compos Part B Eng. 2019;177:107363.
  • 7. Rocha RJB, Campilho RDSG. Detailed investigation of the analysis conditions in the evaluation of bonded joints by cohesive zone models. J Phys Conf Ser. 2017;843:012002.
  • 8. Heidarpour F, Farahani M, Ghabezi P. Experimental investigation of the effects of adhesive defects on the single lap joint strength. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2018;80:128–32.
  • 9. Guo W, Chen P, Yu L, Peng G, Zhao Y, Gao F. Numerical analysis of the strength and interfacial behaviour of adhesively bonded joints with varying bondline thicknesses. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2020;98:102553.
  • 10. Kanani AY, Hou X, Laidlaw R, Ye J. The effect of joint configuration on the strength and stress distributions of dissimilar adhesively bonded joints. Eng Struct. 2021;226:111322.
  • 11. Elhannani M, Madani K, Chama Z, Legrand E, Touzain S, Feaugas X. Influence of the presence of defects on the adhesive layer for the single-lap bonded joint—Part II: Probabilistic assessment of the critical state. Aerosp Sci Technol. 2017;63:372–86.
  • 12. Majid J-O, Mohammad Reza MS. Investigation of Defect Effects on Adhesively Bonded Joint Strength Using Cohesive Zone Modeling. Strojnícky Cas – J Mech Eng. 2018;68:5–24.
  • 13. Luo G, Chai C, Liu J, Xiao Y, Chen Y, Xu F. Investigations on the Mechanical Properties of Composite T-Joints with Defects under Bending Loading. Sustainability. 2022;14:16609.
  • 14. Xu W, Wei Y. Strength analysis of metallic bonded joints containing defects. Comput Mater Sci. 2012;53:444–50.
  • 15. Elhannani M, Madani K, Legrand E, Touzain S, Feaugas X. Numerical analysis of the effect of the presence, number and shape of bonding defect on the shear stresses distribution in an adhesive layer for the single-lap bonded joint; Part 1. Aerosp Sci Technol. 2017;62:122–35.
  • 16. Dai T, Yang Y, Dai H-L, Hu Z. Interfacial stress analysis of a CFRR-metal adhesively bonded joint with/without defect under hygrothermal environment. Appl Math Model. 2019;67:357–77.
  • 17. Fame CM, Wu C, Feng P, Tam L. Numerical investigations on the damage tolerance of adhesively bonded pultruded GFRP joints with adhesion defects. Compos Struct. 2022;301:116223.
  • 18. Kumar RS. Mode-II interlaminar fracture of composite materials in the presence of randomly distributed defects. Int J Fract. 2021;231:201–21.
  • 19. Ribeiro FMF, Campilho RDSG, Carbas RJC, da Silva LFM. Strength and damage growth in composite bonded joints with defects. Compos Part B Eng. 2016;100:91–100.
  • 20. Sahin R, Akpinar S. The effects of adherend thickness on the fatigue strength of adhesively bonded single-lap joints. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2021;107:102845.
  • 21. Çalık A, Yıldırım S. An investigation on the effect of parallel slot in bi-adhesive single lap joints with spew fillet. J Eng Res. 2015;3:36.
  • 22. Çalık A, Akpınar S. Dört Nokta Eğme Yüküne Maruz Yapıştırma Bağlantılarında İç Kademenin Bağlantı Hasar Yüküne Etkisi: Deneysel ve Sayısal Analiz. Osman Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilim Enstitüsü Derg. 2022;5:1128–40.
  • 23. Liao L, Huang C, Sawa T. Effect of adhesive thickness, adhesive type and scarf angle on the mechanical properties of scarf adhesive joints. Int J Solids Struct. 2013;50:4333–40.
  • 24. Chen P, Guo W, Zhao Y, Li E, Yang Y, Liu H. Numerical analysis of the strength and interfacial properties of adhesive joints with graded adherends. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2019;90:88–96.
  • 25. Liao L, Huang C. Numerical analysis of effects of adhesive type and geometry on mixed-mode failure of adhesive joint. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2016;68:389–96.
  • 26. Benzeggagh ML, Kenane M. Measurement of mixed-mode delamination fracture toughness of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites with mixed-mode bending apparatus. Compos Sci Technol. 1996;56:439–49.
  • 27. Kanar B, Akpinar S, Avinc Akpinar I, Akbulut H, Ozel A. The fracture behaviour of nanostructure added adhesives under ambient temperature and thermal cyclic conditions. Theor Appl Fract Mech. 2018;97:120–30.
  • 28. Kazaz I, Akpinar S, Ozel A. The effects of thermal cycle and nanostructure reinforcement on the shear load in adhesively bonded joints. Mech Adv Mater Struct. 2020;27:1627–38.
  • 29. Akpınar S, Çalık A. Dört Noktalı Eğme Testi Altında Yapıştırıcı ile Birleştirilmiş Bindirme Bağlantısının Deneysel ve Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendis Fakültesi Derg. 2021;36:649–57.
  • 30. Kumar RS. Effects of randomly distributed defects on Mode-I interlaminar fracture of composite materials. Eng Fract Mech. 2021;248:107699.
  • 31. Ribeiro FL, Borges L, d’Almeida JRM. Numerical stress analysis of carbon-fibre-reinforced epoxy composite single-lap joints. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2011;31:331–7.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Numerical Modelling and Mechanical Characterisation
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hamza Taş 0000-0002-6527-338X

Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date April 6, 2024
Acceptance Date July 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Taş H. Investigation of the Defect Effects on the Load-Carrying Capacity of Butt Joints: A Numerical Study. Hittite J Sci Eng. 2024;11(3):105-13.

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