Evaluation of the precise point positioning performance for Global BeiDou System (BDS-3)

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the positioning performance of the global BeiDou system (BDS-3) in terms of Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The PPP performance of BDS-3 was compared with both GPS and the regional BeiDou system (BDS-2). In addition, the contribution of BDS-3 to the PPP performance was analyzed through multi-GNSS combinations of these three systems. For this purpose, seven processing scenarios in total were composed, and the observation dataset collected at 15 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations over the period of November 21 and 30, 2021 were processed under these scenarios. The results showed that positioning accuracies of 0.0152, 0.0605, and 0.0203 m could be acquired from the GPS, BDS-2, and BDS-3 PPP solutions, respectively. Also, average convergence times obtained from these solutions were respectively computed as 60.94, 261.71, and 63.06 minutes. While results of the BDS-2 PPP solution remained substantially behind the GPS results, comparable results with the GPS PPP were acquired from the BDS-3 PPP solution. Besides, the obtained results revealed that the positioning performance could be improved significantly when double and triple combinations of these navigation systems were employed. The positioning accuracy and convergence time obtained from the PPP solution where GPS, BDS-2, and BDS-3 systems were used in common were 0.0136 m and 26.45 minutes. In this study, tropospheric delay estimations were also evaluated to analyze the PPP performance comprehensively. The results demonstrated that the BDS-3 solution could provide close results to the GPS PPP solution in terms of tropospheric delay estimation and the best troposphere estimation performance could similarly be acquired from the multi-GNSS solution where three systems were employed in common.

Keywords

• GNSS
• BDS-3
• Precise point positioning
• PPP
• Troposphere

Küresel BeiDou Sistemi (BDS-3) için hassas nokta konumlama performansının değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı küresel BeiDou sisteminin (BDS-3) Hassas Nokta Konumlama (Precise Point Positioning, PPP) açısından konum belirleme performansının değerlendirilmesidir. BDS-3’ün PPP performansı hem GPS hem de bölgesel BeiDou sistemi (BDS-2) ile kıyaslanarak karşılaştırılmıştır. İlave olarak bu üç sistemin çoklu GNSS kombinasyonları aracılığıyla BDS-3’ün PPP konum belirleme performansına olan katkısı da analiz edilmiştir. Bu amaçla toplamda yedi farklı PPP işleme senaryosu oluşturulmuş ve 21-30 Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında 15 Uluslararası GNSS Servisi (International GNSS Service, IGS) istasyonunda toplanan veriler bu senaryolar altında işlenmiştir. Sonuçlar GPS, BDS-2 ve BDS-3 PPP çözümlerinden sırasıyla 0.0152, 0.0605 ve 0.0203 m konum doğruluğu elde edilebileceğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca bu çözümlerden elde edilen ortalama yakınsama süreleri de sırasıyla 60.94, 261.71 ve 63.06 dakika olarak hesaplanmıştır. BDS-2 PPP çözümünün sonuçları GPS sonuçlarının bir hayli gerisinde kalırken BDS-3 PPP’den GPS PPP ile karşılaştırılabilir sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan elde edilen sonuçlar bu sistemlerin ikili ve üçlü kombinasyonlarının kullanılması durumunda konum belirleme performansının önemli oranda iyileştirilebileceğini ortaya koymuştur. GPS, BDS-2 ve BDS-3 sistemlerinin ortak kullanıldığı PPP çözümünden elde edilen konum doğruluğu ve yakınsama süresi 0.0136 m ve 26.45 dakikadır. Bu çalışmada PPP performansını analiz edebilmek için ayrıca troposferik gecikme kestirimleri de değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar BDS-3 PPP çözümünün troposferik gecikme kestirimi açısından GPS PPP çözümüne yakın sonuçlar üretebileceğini ve en iyi troposfer kestirim performansının yine üç sistemin ortak kullanıldığı çoklu GNSS çözümünden elde edilebileceğini göstermiştir.

Keywords

• GNSS
• BDS-3
• Hassas nokta konumlama
• PPP
• Troposfer

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