Okul Yaralanmalarını Önlemede Sağlık İnanç Modelinin Etkisi

Year 2018, , 467 - 475, 14.10.2018

Eda Kılınç , Kamer Gür

https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.362244

Abstract

Okul çağı çocukları, dış etkenlerle oluşabilecek zararlara karşı
kendini korumada savunmasız gruplardandır. Bu nedenle öğrenciler yaralanmalara
sıklıkla maruz kalmaktadırlar. Kaza sonucu meydana gelen yaralanmalar
çoğunlukla bu gruplarda, özellikle çocuk ve adölesanlarda görülmektedir. Ancak
bu konuda alınan önlemlerin çoğu zaman yetersiz ve göz ardı edildiği de
bilinmektedir. Özellikle ülkemizde öğrencilere sunulan okul sağlığı
hizmetlerinin oldukça sınırlı olduğu bir gerçektir; oysaki okul kazalarına yönelik
basit kişisel ve çevresel tedbirlerle istenmeyen bu yaralanmaların
önlenebileceği bildirilmektedir. Geliştirilecek programların çevre değişimi,
davranış değişimi, denetim ve politikaların geliştirilmesi konularını
kapsaması, ders müfredatına entegre edilmesi önerilmektedir. Programların
etkililiği artırmada modeller her zaman yol gösterici olmuştur. Sağlık İnanç
Modeli, kişilerin sağlığını; bireysel özellikler (sosyo-demografik özellikler),
algılar (duyarlılık, durumun ciddiyeti, yarar, engeller, öz-etkililiği) ve
eyleme geçiriciler (hazır oluşluk) ile etkilendiğini belirtmektedir. Bu derleme
makalede okul sağlığı hemşireleri olarak; yaralanma riski yüksek olan öğrenci
toplumunda okul yaralanmalarını önlemede bir rehber olan Sağlık İnanç Modeli’ni
tanıtmak; modelin okul yaralanmalarını önlemedeki etkisini yapılmış
araştırmalarla ortaya koymak ve bu model ile yapılacak çalışmalara yol
göstermek amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Okul yaralanmaları, sağlık inanç modeli, araştırma kanıtları

Effect of Health Belief Model in Prevention of School Injuries

Abstract

School
children are vulnerable groups to protect themselves from harm caused by
external factors. For this reason, students are often exposed to injuries.
Injuries from the accident are often seen in these groups, especially in
children and adolescents.  However, it is also known that the measures taken in this subject are
often inadequate and ignored. Especially, it is a fact that the school health
services offered to students in our country is very limited, but it is reported
that simple personal and environmental measures against school accidents can
prevent these injuries which are not wanted. It is suggested that the programs
to be developed should be integrated into the course curriculum to cover
environmental change, behavior change, supervision and development of policies.
The model has always been a guide in increasing the effectiveness of programs. The
Health Belief Model states that people's health is influenced by individual
characteristics, (socio-demographic characteristics), perceptions (susceptibility,
seriousness, benefit, barriers, self-efficacy) and cues the action (readiness).
In this review article, as school health nurses; it is aimed to introduce the
Health Belief Model which is a guide to prevent school injuries in the student
society with high risk of injuries and to show the effect of the model on the
prevention of school injuries and to lead the studies with this model.

Keywords

school injuries, health belief model, research evidences

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