Sulforaphane, Potential Mechanism of Action and Its Relationship with Diseases

Year 2019, , 153 - 160, 10.02.2019

Emine Koçyiğit , Eda Köksal

https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.396016

Abstract

Bioactive compounds found naturally in the
structure of plants plays a role in protecting the health and prevention of
chronic diseases. They can act directly on genes or indirectly as conjugates
with various molecules. There are a number of studies evaluating the effect of
broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables (radish, cabbage, cauliflower,
brussel sprouts) on diseases. It is stated that these effects are provided by
the isothiocyanates present in the structure. Isothiocyanates are stored as
glucosinolate precursors in plants; The myrosinase enzyme glucosinolates, which
gain activity by processes such as harvesting, chewing, cutting, chopping, are
hydrolyzed to isothiocyanates. Sulforaphane is the major isothiocyanate present
in broccoli. In organism, the mechanisms of action such as stimulation of phase
II enzymes, inhibition of phase I enzymes and histone deacetylase enzyme
activity and increase of thioredoxin reductase enzyme expression have positive
effects on many diseases such as cancer, diabetes, oxidative stress,
helicobacter plyori infection, neurological diseases, eye diseases the results
of which have been demonstrated by studies. Studies were not found to result in
toxic effects of sulforaphane and concluded to be safe. In this study,
sulforaphane metabolism, mechanism of action, effects on health,
bioavailability and effective dose of the factors affecting it were evaluated.

Keywords

sulforaphane, isothiocyanate

Sülforafan, Potansiyel Etki Mekanizması ve Hastalıklarla İlişkisi

Abstract

Bitkilerin
yapısında doğal olarak bulunan biyoaktif bileşenler sağlığın korunması ve
kronik hastalıkların önlemesinde rol oynamaktadır. Direkt olarak genler üzerine
etki edebildikleri gibi, çeşitli moleküllerle konjuge olarak indirekt olarak da
etki göstebilmektedirler. Brokoli ve diğer krusifer grubu sebzelerin (turp,
lahana, karnabahar, brüksel lahanası) hastalıklar üzerine etkisinin
değerlendirildiği çok sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu etkilerini yapılarında
bulunan izotiyosiyanatlar aracılığı ile sağladıkları belirtilmektedir. İzotiyosiyanatlar
bitkilerde glukozinolat öncülleri olarak depo edilmekte; hasat, çiğneme, kesme,
doğrama gibi işlemlerle aktivite kazanan mirosinaz enzimi glukozinolatları
izotiyosiyanatlara hidrolize olmaktadır. Sülforafan brokolide bulunan başlıca
izotiyosiyanat olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Organizmada faz II enzimlerini uyarma,
faz I enzimleri ile histon deasetilaz enzim aktivitesini inhibe etme ve
tioredoksin redüktaz enzim ekspresyonunu artırma gibi etki mekanizmaları ile
başta kanser olmak üzere, diyabet, oksidatif stres, helicobacter plyori enfeksiyonu, nörolojik hastalıklar, göz
hastalıkları gibi birçok hastalık üzerinde olumlu sonuçlar doğurduğu yapılan
çalışmalarla ortaya konmuştur. Araştırmalar sonucunda sülforafanın toksik
etkisine rastlanmadığı ve güvenli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu çalışmada,
sülforafanın metabolizması, etki mekanizmaları, sağlık üzerine etkileri,
biyoyararlılığı ve bunu etkileyen etmenler ile etkin dozları değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

sülforafan, izotiyosiyanat, glukozinolat

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