Research Article
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The effect of mating method and mating season on the number of puppies and determination of some reproductive parameters in Pomeranian dogs

Year 2022, , 1 - 5, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1052870

Abstract

In the present study, the 3-year breeding behavior of the parent dogs in a Pomeranian farm was followed, and the effects of season and insemination method on their reproductive performance were investigated. The gestation period was 62.4 days, the age at which sexual maturity is reached was 404.4 days and the average period between two estruses was found as 205.2 days. The mean number of offspring, and the mean number of male and female puppies were found as 3.4, 2.15 and 1.4 respectively. The stillbirth rate was found as 1.4% and the survival rate to 1 year was 83.3%. The pregnancy rate, the average number of female puppies, the number of stillbirths and the total number of offspring were found to be similar in naturally and artificially inseminated females (P>0.05). While 47.6% of estruses were seen in the spring-summer months, 52.4% were seen in the autumn-winter months (P>0.05). The mating season did not affect the number of female offspring, the stillbirth rate or the total number of offspring (P>0.05). However, when compared to the spring-summer months, the mortality rate of females up to 1 year of age showing estrus in the autumn-winter season was found to be significantly higher (P<0.01).

References

  • Akalın, S., Özgüner, İ., & Şakiroğlu, M. (2020). Covid-19 salgininin ve karantinanin psikolojik etkileri. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4), 885-903.
  • Al-Bassam, M. A., Thomson, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. (1981). Normal postpartum involution of the uterus in the dog. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine, 45(3), 217.
  • Fontbonne, A., (2011). İnfertility in bitches and queens: recent advances. Rev Bras Reprod Anim, 35(2), 202-209.
  • Baran, A., Kemal, AK., & İleri, K. (2003). Dişi köpeklerde taze ve donmuş spermayla intravaginal yolla yapilan suni tohumlama uygulamalarinda elde edilen fertilite oranları. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 29(1), 147-156.
  • Beijerink, N.J., Dieleman, S.J., Kooistra, H.S., & Okkens, A.C. (2003). Low doses of bromocriptine shorten the interestrous interval in the bitch without lowering plasma prolactin concentration. Theriogenology, 60(7), 1379-1386.
  • Concannon, P., Whaley, S., Lein, D., & Wissler, R. (1983). Canine gestation length: variation related to time of mating and fertile life of sperm. American Journal Of Veterinary Research, 44(10), 1819-1821.
  • Evans, K.M., & Adams, V.J. (2010). Proportion of litters of purebred dogs born by caesarean section. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 51(2), 113-118. Freshman, J.L. (1991). Clinical approach to infertility in the cycling bitch. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 21(3), 427-435.
  • Grundy, S.A., Feldman, E., & Davidson, A. (2002). Evaluation of infertility in the bitch. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract, 17(3), 108-15.
  • Günay, Ü., & Soylu, M.K. (2000). Dişi ve erkek köpeklerin reprodüktif özellikleri. J Fac Vet Med, 19, 169-176 .
  • Hutchinson, J., (2014). I can haz likes: cultural intermediation to facilitate “petworking”. M/C Journal, 17(2).
  • Jöchle, W., & Andersen, A.C. (1977). The estrous cycle in the dog: a review. Theriogenology, 7(3), 113-140.
  • Linde-Forsberg, C.. & Eneroth, A. (2000) Abnormalities in pregnancy, parturition, and the periparturient period. In: Ettinger, S.J., & Feldman., E.C (eds.), Textbook of veterinary internal medicine diseases of the dog and cat (pp. 1527- 1539). 5th ed. WB Saunders Co, Orlando.
  • Nak, D., Nak, Y., & Şimşek, G. (2012). Comparison of the use of cabergolin and gonadotrophin to treat primary and secondary anoestrus in bitches. Aust Vet J, 90(5), 194-6.
  • Okkens, A.C., Hekerman, T.W.M., De Vogel, J.W.A., & Van Haaften, B. (1993). Influence of litter size and breed on variation in length of gestation in the dog. Veterinary Quarterly, 15(4), 160-161.
  • Okkens, A.C., van Osch, W., Teunissen, J.M., van den Brom, W.E., Dieleman, S.J. & Kooistra, H.S. (2000) The influence of breed on gestation in dogs. Proceedings 4th international symposium on reproduction in dogs, cats and exotic carnivores (pp 85). Oslo, Norway.
  • Linde-Forsberg, C., Holst, B.S., & Govette, G. (1999). Comparison of fertility data from vaginal vs intrauterine insemination of frozen-thawed dog semen: a retrospective study. Theriogenology, 52(1), 11-23.
  • Smith, S.P., Phillips, J.B., Johnson, M.L., Abbot, P., Capra, J.A., & Rokas, A. (2019). Genome-wide association analysis uncovers variants for reproductive variation across dog breeds and links to domestication. Evolution, medicine, and public health, 1, 93-103.
  • Soderberg, S. F., (1986). Canine breeding management. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 16(3), 419-433.
  • Sundqvist, A.K., Bjornerfeldt, S., Leonard, J.A., Hailer, F., Hedhammar, A., Ellegren, H., & Vilà, C. (2006). Unequal contribution of sexes in the origin of dog breeds. Genetics, 172(2), 1121-1128.
  • Wikipedia (2021, November 6). Pomeranian dog. Acess link: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pomeranian_dog&oldid=1053837954.
  • Zubair, M., Rehman, U., & Sajid, S. M. (2014). Causes of infertility in bitch. Adv Anim Vet Sci, 2(10), 565-573.
Year 2022, , 1 - 5, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1052870

Abstract

References

  • Akalın, S., Özgüner, İ., & Şakiroğlu, M. (2020). Covid-19 salgininin ve karantinanin psikolojik etkileri. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4), 885-903.
  • Al-Bassam, M. A., Thomson, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. (1981). Normal postpartum involution of the uterus in the dog. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine, 45(3), 217.
  • Fontbonne, A., (2011). İnfertility in bitches and queens: recent advances. Rev Bras Reprod Anim, 35(2), 202-209.
  • Baran, A., Kemal, AK., & İleri, K. (2003). Dişi köpeklerde taze ve donmuş spermayla intravaginal yolla yapilan suni tohumlama uygulamalarinda elde edilen fertilite oranları. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 29(1), 147-156.
  • Beijerink, N.J., Dieleman, S.J., Kooistra, H.S., & Okkens, A.C. (2003). Low doses of bromocriptine shorten the interestrous interval in the bitch without lowering plasma prolactin concentration. Theriogenology, 60(7), 1379-1386.
  • Concannon, P., Whaley, S., Lein, D., & Wissler, R. (1983). Canine gestation length: variation related to time of mating and fertile life of sperm. American Journal Of Veterinary Research, 44(10), 1819-1821.
  • Evans, K.M., & Adams, V.J. (2010). Proportion of litters of purebred dogs born by caesarean section. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 51(2), 113-118. Freshman, J.L. (1991). Clinical approach to infertility in the cycling bitch. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 21(3), 427-435.
  • Grundy, S.A., Feldman, E., & Davidson, A. (2002). Evaluation of infertility in the bitch. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract, 17(3), 108-15.
  • Günay, Ü., & Soylu, M.K. (2000). Dişi ve erkek köpeklerin reprodüktif özellikleri. J Fac Vet Med, 19, 169-176 .
  • Hutchinson, J., (2014). I can haz likes: cultural intermediation to facilitate “petworking”. M/C Journal, 17(2).
  • Jöchle, W., & Andersen, A.C. (1977). The estrous cycle in the dog: a review. Theriogenology, 7(3), 113-140.
  • Linde-Forsberg, C.. & Eneroth, A. (2000) Abnormalities in pregnancy, parturition, and the periparturient period. In: Ettinger, S.J., & Feldman., E.C (eds.), Textbook of veterinary internal medicine diseases of the dog and cat (pp. 1527- 1539). 5th ed. WB Saunders Co, Orlando.
  • Nak, D., Nak, Y., & Şimşek, G. (2012). Comparison of the use of cabergolin and gonadotrophin to treat primary and secondary anoestrus in bitches. Aust Vet J, 90(5), 194-6.
  • Okkens, A.C., Hekerman, T.W.M., De Vogel, J.W.A., & Van Haaften, B. (1993). Influence of litter size and breed on variation in length of gestation in the dog. Veterinary Quarterly, 15(4), 160-161.
  • Okkens, A.C., van Osch, W., Teunissen, J.M., van den Brom, W.E., Dieleman, S.J. & Kooistra, H.S. (2000) The influence of breed on gestation in dogs. Proceedings 4th international symposium on reproduction in dogs, cats and exotic carnivores (pp 85). Oslo, Norway.
  • Linde-Forsberg, C., Holst, B.S., & Govette, G. (1999). Comparison of fertility data from vaginal vs intrauterine insemination of frozen-thawed dog semen: a retrospective study. Theriogenology, 52(1), 11-23.
  • Smith, S.P., Phillips, J.B., Johnson, M.L., Abbot, P., Capra, J.A., & Rokas, A. (2019). Genome-wide association analysis uncovers variants for reproductive variation across dog breeds and links to domestication. Evolution, medicine, and public health, 1, 93-103.
  • Soderberg, S. F., (1986). Canine breeding management. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 16(3), 419-433.
  • Sundqvist, A.K., Bjornerfeldt, S., Leonard, J.A., Hailer, F., Hedhammar, A., Ellegren, H., & Vilà, C. (2006). Unequal contribution of sexes in the origin of dog breeds. Genetics, 172(2), 1121-1128.
  • Wikipedia (2021, November 6). Pomeranian dog. Acess link: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pomeranian_dog&oldid=1053837954.
  • Zubair, M., Rehman, U., & Sajid, S. M. (2014). Causes of infertility in bitch. Adv Anim Vet Sci, 2(10), 565-573.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

M. Ferit Özmen 0000-0002-5531-220X

Publication Date April 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Özmen, M. F. (2022). The effect of mating method and mating season on the number of puppies and determination of some reproductive parameters in Pomeranian dogs. Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences, 6(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1052870

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