Avian IgY antibodies and its immunotherapeutic applications

Year 2024, , 64 - 74, 30.04.2024

Kürşat Tetik

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1443841

Abstract

Antibodies, also called immunoglobulins, are specialized proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of pathogens or foreign substances in the body. These unique proteins are commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes because they easily bind to antigenic molecules. Polyclonal antibody production currently involves the use of laboratory animals such as rats, rabbits, sheep, goats, and horses. However, the manufacture of these antibodies generally involves practices that cause pain to animals, such as prolonged bloodletting. In recent years, isolating antibodies from egg yolk following hyperimmunization of chickens has emerged as a popular approach for producing significant amounts of antibodies. This approach combines the principles of natural passive immunity and artificial passive immunity. To ensure a continuous accumulation of antibodies in egg yolks, chickens are regularly immunized with specific antigens. Egg yolk antibodies, known as IgY, are extracted and used for immunotherapy and immunodiagnostic purposes in human and animal applications due to their promising antibacterial properties. The antibacterial properties of egg yolk antibodies have been a significant focus in IgY studies. Several reports have shown that IgY helps prevent bacterial transmission or infection in vivo. The production of IgY against mammalian antigens has a higher success rate than IgG production. This is because of the phylogenetic difference between mammals and chickens. Furthermore, these antibodies have a more comprehensive range of antigenic epitope recognition and can respond to more than one species, making them more versatile. This study compiles information on the properties, mechanisms of action, and uses of egg yolk antibodies based on existing literature on IgY technology.

Keywords

IgY, egg yolk antibodies, passive immunization, poultry

References

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• Schmidt, P., Wiedemann, V., Kühlmann, R., Wanke, R., Linckh, E., & Lösch, U. (1989). Chicken Egg Antibodies for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Infectious Intestinal Diseases: II. In vitro studies on gastric and enteric digestion of egg yolk antibodies specific against pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 36(1‐10), 619-628.
• Shi, H., Zhu, J., Zou, B., Shi, L., Du, L., Long, Y., Sun, L. (2017). Effects of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin on pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 95, 1734-1742.
• Shimizu, M., Fitzsimmons, R. c., & Nakai, S. (1988). Anti‐E. coli lmmunoglobulin Y isolated from egg yolk of immunized chickens as a potential food ingredient. Journal of Food Science, 53(5), 1360-1368.
• Shimizu, M., Nagashima, H., & Hashimoto, K. (1993). Comparative studies in molecular stability of immunoglobulin G from different species. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry, 106(2), 255-261.
• Shimizu, M., Nagashima, H., Hashimoto, K., & Suzuki, T. (1994). Egg yolk antibody (Ig Y) stability in aqueous solution with high sugar concentrations. Journal of Food Science, 59(4), 763-765.
• Shimizu, M., Nagashima, H., Sano, K., Hashimoto, K., Ozeki, M., Tsuda, K., & Hatta, H. (1992). Molecular stability of chicken and rabbit immunoglobulin G. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 56(2), 270-274.
• Sudjarwo, S. A., Eraiko, K., & Sudjarwo, G. W. (2017). The activity of immunoglobulin Y anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis on proliferation and cytokine expression of rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pharmacognosy Research, 9(Suppl 1), S5.
• Sugita-Konishi, Y., Ogawa, M., Arai, S., Kumagai, S., Igimi, S., & Shimizu, M. (2000). Blockade of Salmonella Enteritidis passage across the basolateral barriers of human intestinal epithelial cells by specific antibody. Microbiology and Immunology, 44(6), 473-479.
• Sugita-Konishi, Y., Shibata, K., Yun, S. S., Hara-Kudo, Y., Yamaguchi, K., & Kumagai, S. (1996). Immune functions of immunoglobulin Y isolated from egg yolk of hens immunized with various infectious bacteria. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 60(5), 886-888.
• Sui, J., Cao, L., & Lin, H. (2011). Antibacterial activity of egg yolk antibody (IgY) against Listeria monocytogenes and preliminary evaluation of its potential for food preservation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(11), 1946-1950.
• Sunwoo, H., Lee, E., Menninen, K., Suresh, M., & Sim, J. (2002). Growth inhibitory effect of chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) on Escherichia coli O157: H7. Journal of Food Science, 67(4), 1486-1494.
• Thibodeau, A., Fravalo, P., Perron, A., Lewandowski, S. L., & Letellier, A. (2017). Production and characterization of anti-Campylobacter jejuni IgY derived from egg yolks. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 59(1), 1-9.
• Thomsen, K., Christophersen, L., Jensen, P. Ø., Bjarnsholt, T., Moser, C., & Høiby, N. (2016). Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa IgY antibodies promote bacterial opsonization and augment the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 12(7), 1690-1699.
• Tini, M., Jewell, U., Camenisch, G., Chilov, D., & Gassmann, M. (2002). Generation and application of chicken egg-yolk antibodies. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 131(3), 569-574.
• Tsubokura, K., Berndtson, E., Bogstedt, A., Kaijser, B., Kim, M., Ozeki, M., & Hammarström, L. (1997). Oral administration of antibodies as prophylaxis and therapy in Campylobacter jejuni‐infected chickens. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 108(3), 451-455.
• Wang, L.-H., Li, X.-Y., Jin, L.-J., You, J.-S., Zhou, Y., Li, S.-Y., & Xu, Y.-P. (2011). Characterization of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgYs) specific for the most prevalent capsular serotypes of mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus. Veterinary Microbiology, 149(3-4), 415-421.
• Wanke, R., Schmidt, P., Erhard, M., Stangassinger, M., Schmahl, W., & Hermanns, W. (1996). Freund's complete adjuvant in the chicken: efficient immunostimulation with severe local inflammatory reaction. Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A, 43(4), 243-253.
• Warr, G. W., Magor, K. E., & Higgins, D. A. (1995). IgY: clues to the origins of modern antibodies. Immunology Today, 16(8), 392-398.
• Wen, J., Zhao, S., He, D., Yang, Y., Li, Y., & Zhu, S. (2012). Preparation and characterization of egg yolk immunoglobulin Y specific to Influenza B virus. Antiviral Research, 93(1), 154-159.
• Xu, Y., Li, X., Jin, L., Zhen, Y., Lu, Y., Li, S., Wang, L. (2011). Application of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins in the control of terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases: a review. Biotechnology Advances, 29(6), 860-868.
• Yokoyama, H., Peralta, R. C., Diaz, R., Sendo, S., Ikemori, Y., & Kodama, Y. (1992). Passive protective effect of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins against experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in neonatal piglets. Infection and Immunity, 60(3), 998-1007.
• Yokoyama, H., Umeda, K., Peralta, R. C., Hashi, T., Icatlo Jr, F. C., Kuroki, M., Kodama, Y. (1998). Oral passive immunization against experimental Salmonellosis in mice using chicken egg yolk antibodies specific for Salmonella Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium. Vaccine, 16(4), 388-393.
• Yolken, R. H., Leister, F., Wee, S.-B., Miskuff, R., & Vonderfecht, S. (1988). Antibodies to rotaviruses in chickens' eggs: a potential source of antiviral immunoglobulins suitable for human consumption. Pediatrics, 81(2), 291-295.
• Zhang, X.-Y., Vieira-Pires, R. S., Morgan, P. M., & Schade, R. (2021). IgY-Technology: Production and Application of Egg Yolk Antibodies. In: Springer. DOI: 0.1007/978-3- 030-72688-1.
• Xu, Y., Li, X., Jin, L., Zhen, Y., Lu, Y., Li, S., Wang, L. (2011). Application of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins in the control of terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases: a review. Biotechnology Advances, 29(6), 860-868.
• Yokoyama, H., Peralta, R. C., Diaz, R., Sendo, S., Ikemori, Y., & Kodama, Y. (1992). Passive protective effect of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins against experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in neonatal piglets. Infection and Immunity, 60(3), 998-1007.
• Yokoyama, H., Umeda, K., Peralta, R. C., Hashi, T., Icatlo Jr, F. C., Kuroki, M., Kodama, Y. (1998). Oral passive immunization against experimental Salmonellosis in mice using chicken egg yolk antibodies specific for Salmonella Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium. Vaccine, 16(4), 388-393.
• Yolken, R. H., Leister, F., Wee, S.-B., Miskuff, R., & Vonderfecht, S. (1988). Antibodies to rotaviruses in chickens' eggs: a potential source of antiviral immunoglobulins suitable for human consumption. Pediatrics, 81(2), 291-295.
• Zhang, X.-Y., Vieira-Pires, R. S., Morgan, P. M., & Schade, R. (2021). IgY-Technology: Production and Application of Egg Yolk Antibodies. In: Springer. DOI: 0.1007/978-3- 030-72688-1.