Preliminary studies on the detection and presence of Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in sea breams (Sparus aurata) raised in the Aegean Sea

Year 2024, , 166 - 171, 31.08.2024

Murat Emre Yardibi , Hasan Emre Tali , Semaha Gül Yılmaz , Aysun Yilmaz , Hüseyin Yılmaz , Nuri Turan

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1498518

Abstract

Lymphocystis disease (LCD) is the most frequently reported viral infection in sea bream farms in the South Atlantic and Mediterranean regions. Therefore, in this study, the presence of lymphocystis disease virus (LCVD) which is the causative agent of LCD was investigated in sea bream (Sparus aurata) farm in the Aegean region. The 78 fish samples, 40 of them showing fin/skin lesions characteristic to LCD and 38 fishes without skin lesions were collected. Samples from skin lesions and spleen and livers were taken from the fishes without skin lesions. The samples pooled were analyzed for the presence of LCDV by SYBR-Green real time PCR. All samples were found to be positive by real time PCR, but an amplification was seen only in 1 sample by conventional PCR. Sequence analysis has indicated that nucleotide sequences were belong to capsid gene of LCDV. In conclusion, this study shows that LCDV is present in Türkiye and causes serious health problems in sea bream in Izmir, Türkiye. Screening of fishes for LCDV by real time PCR is very crucial especially in fishes without skin lesions. Sequence analysis helps to determine circulating strains and variants of the virus in Türkiye.

Keywords

Aquaculter, PCR, LCDV, Sea bream, Türkiye

Supporting Institution

İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri

Project Number

35503

References

• Benkaroun, J., Bergmann, S. M., Römer-Oberdörfer, A., Demircan, M. D., Tamer, C., Kachh, G. R., & Weidmann, M. (2022). New insights into lymphocystis disease virus genome diversity. Viruses, 14(12), 2741.
• Borrego, J. J., Labella, A. M., Castro, D., Ortiz-Delgado, J. B., Sarasquete, C. (2017a) Updated of the pathologies affecting cultured gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. Annals of Aquaculture Research, 4(2), 1033.
• Borrego, J. J., Valverde, E. J., Labella, A. M. & Castro, D. (2017b). Lymphocystis disease virus: Its importance in aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 9, 179-193.
• Cano, I., Valverde, E. J., Lopez-Jimena, B., Alonso, M. D., García-Rosado, E., Sarasquete, C., Borrego, J. J., & Castro, D. (2010). A new genotype of Lymphocystivirus isolated from cultured gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., and Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup). Journal of Fish Diseases, 33(8), 695-700.
• Chinchar, V. G., Yu, K. H., & Jancovich, J. K. (2011). The molecular biology of frog virus 3 and other iridoviruses infecting cold-blooded vertebrates. Viruses, 3(10), 1959-1985.
• Chinchar, V. G., Hick, P., Ince, I. A., Jancovich, J. K., Marschang, R., Qin, Q., Subramaniam, K., Waltzek, T. B., Whittington, R., Williams, T., Zhang, Q. Y., & Ictv Report Consortium (2017). ICTV Virus taxonomy profile: iridoviridae. The Journal of General Virology, 98(5), 890-891.
• Ciulli, S., Pinheiroa, A. C. A. S, Volpe, E., Moscato, M., Jung T. S., Galeotti, M., Stellino, S., Farnetie, R. & Prosperi, S. (2015). Development and application of a real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of lymphocystis disease virus. Journal of Virological Methods, 213, 164-173. Colorni, A. & Diamant, A. (1995), Splenic and cardiac lymphocystis in the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (L.). Journal of Fish Diseases, 18, 467-471.
• Colorni, A., Padrós, F., Pavlidis, M. A., & Mylonas, C. C. (2011). Sparidae: biology and aquaculture of gilthead sea bream and other species. John Wiley & Sons.
• Hossain, M., Song, J. Y., Kitamura, S. I., Jung, S. J., & Oh, M. J. (2008). Phylogenetic analysis of lymphocystis disease virus from tropical ornamental fish species based on a major capsid protein gene. Journal of Fish Diseases, 31(6), 473-479.
• Kitamura, S., Jung, S. J., & Oh, M. J. (2006). Differentiation of lymphocystis disease virus genotype by multiplex PCR. Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea), 44(2), 248-253.
• Labella, A. M., Leiva-Rebollo, R., Alejo, A., Castro, D., & Borrego, J. J. (2019). Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV-Sa), polyomavirus 1 (SaPyV1) and papillomavirus 1 (SaPV1) in samples of Mediterranean gilthead seabream. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 132(2), 151-156.
• López-Bueno, A., Mavian, C., Labella, A. M., Castro, D., Borrego, J. J., Alcami, A., & Alejo, A. (2016). Concurrence of iridovirus, polyomavirus, and a unique member of a new group of fish papillomaviruses in lymphocystis disease-affected gilthead sea bream. Journal of Virology, 90(19), 8768-8779.
• Masoero, L., Ercolini, C., Caggiano, M., & Rossa, A. (1986). Osservazioni preliminary sulla linfocisti in una maricoltura intensive italiana. Rivista Italiana di Piscicoltura e Ittiopatologia, 21, 70-74.
• Ozrenk K. (2023). International research and reviews in agriculture, Forestry and Aquaculture Sciences. Seruven Publishing.
• Palmer, L. J., Hogan, N. S., & van den Heuvel, M. R. (2012). Phylogenetic analysis and molecular methods for the detection of lymphocystis disease virus from yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchell). Journal of Fish Dseases, 35(9), 661-670.
• Paperna, I., Sabnai, I. & Colorni, A. (1982) An outbreak of lymphocystis in Sparus aurata L. In the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of Fish Diseases,5, 433-437.
• Pekmez, K., M. Kaplan, A. A. Çağırgan, F. Arslan, B. Kafa, & G. Kalaycı. (2022). Molecular characterisation of lymphocystis disease virus detected from sea bream in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 42(2), 46-58.
• Rahmati-Holasoo, H., Ghalyanchilangeroudi A., Kafi Z. Z., Marandi, A., Shokrpoor, S., Imantalab, B. & Mousavi, H. E. (2023). Detection of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) from yellowbar angelfish (Pomacanthus maculosus Forsskål, 1775) in Iran: Histopathological andphylogenetic analysis. Aquaculture, 562, 738862.
• Samalecos, C. P. (1986). Analysis of the structure of fish lymphocystis disease virions from skin tumours of pleuronectes. Archives of Virology, 91(1-2), 1-10.
• Tidona, C. A. & Darai, G. (1997). The complete DNA sequence of lymphocystis disease virus. Virology, 230, 207-216.
• Tidona, C. A., Schnitzler, P., Kehm, R., & Darai, G. (1998). Is the major capsid protein of iridoviruses a suitable target for the study of viral evolution? Virus Genes, 16(1), 59-66.
• Valverde, E. J., Borrego, J. J., Sarasquete, M. C., Ortiz-Delgado, J. B., & Castro, D. (2017). Target organs for lymphocystis disease virus replication in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Veterinary Research, 48(1), 21.
• WWF, (2021). Sea bass and sea bream supply chain study: from Turkey to Europe. Fish forward project: Responsible seafood consumption for the benefit of people, oceans and climate. WWF-UK.
• Yiğit, M., Ergün, S., Yıldız, M., (2024), Developments of the Turkish aquaculture industry, Yıldız, M.,  Karataş, S., present-day Turkish Aquaculture and Trends in International Research, (pp 3-4). Istanbul University Press E-ISBN 978-605-07-1593-4,
• Zhang, Q. Y., Xiao F., Xie, J., Li, Z. Q. & Gui, J. F. (2004). Complete genome sequence of lymphocystis disease virus isolated from China. Journal of Virology, 78(13), 6982-6994.
• TAGEM Su ürünleri sektör politika belgesi 2019 -2023. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TAGEM