Clinical and paraclinical changes in experimental colisepticemia in neonatal calves

Year 2019, , 49 - 56, 31.08.2019

Samad Lotfollahzadeh , Masoomeh Heidari Mohammad Reza Mokhber Dezfouli Gholamreza Nikbakht Boroujeni

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.569912

Cited By: 3

Abstract

The present study aim was to assess changes in clinical signs and plasma cytokines in calves experimentally infected with Escherchia coli and use them as a tool to diagnose colisepticemia. Ten healthy Holstein-Frisian bull calves were used for this experimental study. Experimental colisepticemia was induced in calves with intravenous injection of 1.5 × 109 CFU of O111:H8 strain of E.coli. Clinical scores were recorded before induction of septicemia, every 30 minutes for 8 hours, every hour from 8 till 12 h, every 3 hours from 12 till 24 hours after bacterial challenge. Blood samples were collected to determine plasma concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and gamma interferon gamma (IFN-γ) before and after E.coli IV injection. Blood culture was performed before and after bacterial challenge to confirm colisepticemia. The present study showed that total clinical score of the calves increased with a simultaneous significant rise in plasma concentration of TNF-α and INF-γ during septicemia period (P< 0.05). Changes in the heart and respiratory rate during septicemia and using clinical scoring are not enough to assess the magnitude of infection and disease progress; therefore, it is recommended some laboratory tests be used for better evaluation of clinical status of the septic calves 

 

Keywords

Experimental colisepticemia, Calf, clinical scoring, tumor necrosis factor-α, gamma interferon

References

• Adams, J. L., Semrad, S. D.,& Czuprynski, C. J. (1990). Administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide elicits circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha in neonatal calves. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 28(5), 998-1001.
• Aldridge, B. M., Garry, F. B., & Adams, R. (1993). Neonatal septicemia in calves: 25 cases (1985-1990). Journal of American Veterinary Medicine Association, 203(9), 1324-1329.
• Amrine, D, E., White, B. J., Larson, R., Anderson D. E., Mosier D. A., & Cernicchiaro N. (2013). Precision and accuracy of clinical illness scores, compared with pulmonary consolidation scores, in Holstein calves with experimentally induced Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia. Americam Journal of Veterinary Research, 74(2), 310-315.
• Annane, D., Bellissant, E., & Cavaillon, J. M. (2005). Septic shock. Lancet, 365(9453), 63-78.
• Ballou M. A, Cobba C. J, Hulberta, L. E, & Carroll J. A. (2011). Effects of intravenous Escherichia coli dose on the pathophysiological response of colostrum-fed Jersey calves. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 141(1-2 ), 76-83.
• Basoglu, A., Sen, I., Sevinc, M., & Simsek, A. (2004). Serum Concentrations of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Neonatal Calves with Presumed Septicemia. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 18(2), 238-241.
• Beutler, B., Greenwald, D., Hulmes, J. D., Chang, M., Pan, Y-C. E., Mathison, J., Ulevitch, R., & Cerami, A. (1985). Identity of tumour necrosis factor and the macrophage-secreted factor cachectin. Nature, 316(6028), 552-554.
• Bieniek, K., Szuster-Ciesielska, A., Kamin´ska, T., Kondracki, M., Witek, M., & Kandefer-Szerszeń, M. (1998). Tumor necrosis factor and interferon activity in the circulation of calves after repeated injection of low doses of lipopolysaccharide. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 62(4), 297-307.
• Blackwell, T. S., &Christman, J. W. (1996). Sepsis and cytokines: current status. British Journal of Anaesthiology, 77(1), 110-117.
• Brewer, B. D., & Koterba, A. M., (1988). Development of a scoring system for early diagnosis of equine neonatal sepsis. Equine Veterinary Journal, 20(1), 18-22.
• Carroll, J. A., Reuter, R. R., Chase, C. C. Jr., Coleman, S. W., Riley, D. G., Spiers, D. E., Arthington, J. D., & Galyean, M. L. (2009). Profile of the bovine acute-phase response following an intravenous bolus-dose lipopolysaccharide challenge. Innate Immunology, 15(2), 81-89.
• Chen, X., Yin, Y., & Zhang, J. (2011). Sepsis and immune response. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2(2), 88-92.
• Constable, P. D., Hinchcliff, K. W., Done, S., & Gruenberg, W. (2017). Veterinary Medicine, A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. 11th ed. Philadelphia, USA: W. B. Saunders Ltd.
• Fecteau, G., Fairbrother, J. M., Higgins, R., Van Metre, D. C., Paré, J., Smith, B. P., Holmberg, C.A., & Jang, S. (2001). Virulence factors in E-coli isolated from blood of bacteremic neonatal calves. Veterinary Microbiology, 78(3), 241-249.
• Fecteau, G., Pare, J., Van Metre, D. C., Smith, B. P., Holmberg, C. A., Guterbock, W., & Jang, S. (1997). Use of a clinical sepsis score for predicting bacteremia in neonatal dairy calves on a calf rearing farm. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 38(2), 101-104.
• Fecteau, G., Smith, B. P., & George, L. W. (2009). Septicemia and Meningitis in the Newborn Calf. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 25(1), 195-208.
• Gay, C. C., & Besser, T. E. (1994). Escherichia coli septicaemia in calves. In C. L. Gyles, (Ed.). Escherichia coli in domestic animals and humans. Wallingford, USA: CAB International.
• Gerros, T. C., Semrad, S. D., Proctor R. A., & LaBorde A. (1993). Effect of dose and method of administration of endotoxin on cell mediator release in neonatal calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 54(12), 2121-2127.
• Givalois, L., Dornand, J., Mekaouche, M., Solier, M. D., Bristow, A.F., Ixart, G., Siaud, P., Assenmacher, I., & Barbanel, G. (1994). Temporal cascade of plasma level surges in ACTH, corticosterone, and cytokines in endotoxin-challenged rats. American Journal of Physiology, 267(1), R164-R170.
• Hulbert, L. E., Cobb, C. J., Carroll, J. A., & Ballou, M. A. (2011). Effects of changing feeding milk replacer from twice to once daily on Holstein calf innate immune responses before and after weaning. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(5), 2557-2565.
• Kinsbergen, M., & Bruckmaier, R. M. (1994). Metabolic, endocrine and haematological responses to intravenous E.coli endotoxin administration in 1-week- old calves. Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin . A, 41(7), 530-547.
• LeMay, L. G., Vander, A. J., & Kluger, M. J. (1990). The effects of pentoxifylline on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fever, plasma interleukin 6 (IL 6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the rat. Cytokine, 2(4), 300-306.
• Lofstedt, J., Dohoo, I. R., & Duizer, G. (1999). Model to predict septicemia in diarrheic calves. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 13(2), 81-88.
• Michie, H. R., Manogue, K. R., Spriggs, D. R., Revhaug, A., O'Dwyer, S., Dinarello, C. A., Cerami, A., Wolff, S.M., & Wilmore, D. W. (1988). Detection of circulating tumor necrosis factor after endotoxin administration. New England Journal of Medicine, 318(23), 1481-1486.
• Rabbani, M., Zahraie-Salehi, T., Dezfouli, M. R., Rezazadeh, F., Yoosefi Ramandi, F., & Bahonar, A. R. (2007). Detection of anti-E.coli, rotavirus and corona virus antibodies in sera samples of diarrheic and normal calves under 1 month of age. Journal of Veterinary Research, 62(3), 145-149.
• Rezazadeh, F., Zahraei-Salehi, T., Mokhber Dezfouli, M.R., Rabani, M., Morshedi, A., Khaki, Z., Nabian, S., Rahbari, S., & Bahonar, A. (2004). Clinincal, biochemical and microbiological findings of calves diarrhea in a dairy herd in Suburb of Tehran. Journal of Veterinary Research, 59(4), 301-308.
• Smith, H. W., & Halls, S. (1968). The experimental infection of calves with bacteriaemia-producing strains of Escherichia coli: the influence of colostrum. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 1(1), 61-78.
• Thomas, E., Roy, O., Skowronski, V., Zschiesche, E., Martin, G., & Böttner, A. (2004). Comparative field efficacy study between cefquinome and gentamicin in neonatal calves with clinical signs of septicaemia. Revue Médicine Véterinair, 155(10), 489-493.
• Tollner, U. (1982). Early diagnosis of septicemia in the newborn. European Journal of Pediatrics, 138(4), 331-337.