Exploring bacterial pathogens and risk factors associated with the occurrence of navel ill in calves

Year 2020, , 37 - 42, 29.08.2020

Md. Gulam Rabbany Rassel Pravin Mıshra , Marzia Rahman Md. Mahmudul Alam

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.722788

Cited By: 7

Abstract

The study mentioned here was designed to investigate both bacterial pathogens and risk factors associated with the occurrence of naval ill in calves. A total of 350 calves diagnosed to have navel ill formed the population in our study. Incidence density reports representing the period between 2009 and 2018 were obtained from Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Bangladesh Agricultural University where information about age, sex, breed, seasonal effect was also included. Umbilical swab from each individual suffering from confirmed navel ill was collected for microbiological study. The occurrence of navel ill in the age of <30 days (n = 244, 69.71%) was noted higher compared to the age of ≥30 days (n = 106, 30.29%). Male calves were highly susceptible (n = 192, 54.86%) compared to females (n=158, 45.14%). In cross breed individuals, the occurrence was higher (n = 330, 94.29%) in regard of indigenous calves (n=20, 5.71%). The occurrence of the illness in summer (March-June) was more common (n = 159, 45.43%) in comparison to both rainy (n = 111, 31.71%) and winter (n = 80, 22.86%) seasons. In term of microbiological study, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Proteus spp. were identified and isolated from the infected areas of the calves with the disease. In conclusion, navel ill occurred more commonly in male calves with the age of less than one month. The appearance of navel ill was noted to be more frequently in summer season (March-June) in cross breed calves. The results also demonstrated that the condition is mediated by mixed bacterial infection formed by gram-positive and gram-negative agents which induce the initial inflammation .

 

Keywords

Calf, Navel ill, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Proteus spp.

Supporting Institution

National Science and Technology (NST) of Bangladesh

References

• Biss, M. E., Hathaway, S. C. & Johnstone, A. C. (1994). Evaluation of the risk of potential bacteraemia in carcasses from very young slaughter calves with localized navel ill. British Veterinary Journal, 150(4), 377-384.
• Blood, D. C. Radostits, O. M. (1989). Omphalitis, omphalophlebitis and urachitis in newborn farm animals (“navel ill“). In veterinary medicine. London, UK: Balliere.
• Blowey, R. & Weaver, AD. (2011). Urinogenital disorders In Color atlas of diseases and disorders of cattle. (pp. 173-201). Missouri, US: Mosby.
• Debnath, N. C., Sil, B. K., Selim, S. A., Prodhan, M. A. M. &Howlader, M. M. R. (1990). A retrospective study of calf mortality and morbidity on smallholder traditional farms in Bangladesh. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 9(1), 1-7.
• Department of Livestock Service (DLS). (2019 July 10). Livestock Economy at a Glance 2017-18. Retrieved from http://www.dls.gov.bd/site/page/22b1143b-9323-44f8-bfd8-647087828c9b/Livestock-Economy.
• Hoda, N., Karim, M. R., Mishra, P., Shihab, M. M., Jaman, M. M., Alam, M. R. & Alam, M. M. (2018). Occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in neonatal bovine calves in certain areas of Bangladesh: a retrospective study. Bangladesh Veterinary Journal, 52(1-4), 39-45.
• Jaman, M. M., Mishra, P., Rahman, M. & Alam, M. M. (2018). Clinical and laboratory investigation on the recurrence of the umbilical hernia after herniorrhaphy in bovine calves. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 16(3), 464-470.
• Mee, J. F. (1990). Navel ill. The Veterinary Record, 126(14), 341.
• Mee, J. F. (2008a). Prevalence and risk factors for dystocia in dairy cattle: A review. The Veterinary Journal, 176(1), 93-101.
• Mee, J. F. (2008b). Newborn dairy calf management. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 24(1), 1-17.
• Mishra, P., Mahmud, M. M., Yadav, V. K. & Hasan, M. (2020). Umbilical Hernia with Extensive Adhesion and Evisceration in a Bovine Calf. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 15(1), 92-95.
• Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C. & Hinchcliff, K. W. (2007). A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. In Veterinary Medicine 10th ed.(pp. 007; 345-674). London, UK: Saunders.
• Rweyemamu, M., Roeder, P., Mackay, D., Sumption, K., Brownlie, J., Leforban, Y., Valarcher, J. F., Knowles, N. J. & Saraiva, V. (2008). Epidemiological patterns of foot‐and‐mouth disease worldwide. Transboundary and emerging diseases, 55(1), 57-72.
• Samad, M. A. (2001). Animal husbandry and medicine. 2nd ed. Mymensingh, Bangladesh: LEP Publication.
• Samad, M. A., Islam, M. A. & Hossain, A. (2002). Patterns of occurrence of calf diseases in the district of Mymensingh in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Veterinary Journal, 36(1-2),01-05.
• Sherif, H. H., Khalil, S. K., Hegazi, A. G., Khalil, W. A. & Moharram, M. A. (2017). Factors affecting the antibacterial activity of chitosan-silver nanocomposite. IET Nanobiotechnology 11(6), 731-737.
• Waldner, C. L. & Rosengren, L. B. (2009). Factors associated with serum immunoglobulin levels in beef calves from Alberta and Saskatchewan and association between passive transfer and health outcomes. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 50(3), 275.
• Waltner-Toews, D. M. S. W. M. A. H., Martin, S. W. & Meek, A. H. (1986). Dairy calf management, morbidity and mortality in Ontario Holstein herds. III. Association of management with morbidity. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 4(2), 137-158.
• Watson, C. L. (2004). Eye disease in the growing animal-Can we prevent it? Cattle Practice, 12, 213-218.