Research Article
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Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in selected districts of Benadir Region, Somalia

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 57 - 63, 29.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.757196

Abstract

A cross-sectional sero-prevalence study using random sampling was conducted from June to November 2019 in the selected districts of the Benadir Region of Somalia (Karaan District) and (Deyniile District) to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and assess the potential risk factors. In this study, a total of 395 animals aged from 7 months and above were screened for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal plate test, and positive sera were confirmed by complement fixation test. Four sera samples out of the 395 (0.7%) reacted positively for the Rose Bengal plate test and one of them reacted positively for the complement fixation test (0.2%). In the present result of this study, the prevalence in female and male and age were not significantly related to the seroprevalence of brucellosis (P>0.05). But there is a significant relationship of seropositivity of brucellosis with a record of abortion (P<0.05).The current cross-sectional study of bovine brucellosis in the Benadir region of Somalia showed is very low. There is a need to institute control measures of brucellosis through vaccination education on control to the public and conducting serosurveys and those animals testing positive culled.

Supporting Institution

Kasmo University, Somalia

Thanks

We want to thanks Kasmo University for proving laboratory facility.

References

  • Afrah, O. H., Adan, H. A., Jeyte, A. F., Alasow, R. N., Ismaan, H. N., Mohammed , M. O. (2020). Prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis in Mogadishu, Somalia.” IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 13(1), 17-20.
  • Alton, G. G., Jones, L. M., Angus, R. D. & Verger, J. M. (1988). Techniques for the brucellosis. Paris, France : Laboratory. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA).
  • Andreani, E., Prosperi, S., Salim, A. H., & Arush, A. M. (1982). Serological and bacteriological investigation onbrucellosis in domestic ruminants of the Somali Democratic Republic. Revue d'elevage et de medecine veterinaire des pays tropicaux, 35(4), 329-333.
  • Angara, T. E., Ismail, A., Agab, H., & Saeed, N. (2004). Sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Kuku Dairy Scheme, Khartoum North, Sudan. Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, 48(1&2), 27-35.
  • Bale, J. O. O. (1991) Brucellosis A threat to livestock production and human health in Nigeria in contribution to a symposium in honor of prof . SakaNuru, National animal production Research institute, (NAPRI), Zaira (pp. 15-26).
  • Cadmus, S. I. B., Ijagbone, I. F., Oputu, H. E., Adesokan, H. K., & Stack, J. A. (2006). Serological survey of Brucellosis in livestock animals and workers in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 9, 163-168.
  • Corbel, M. J. (1997). Brucellosis: an overview. Emerging infectious diseases, 3(2):213.
  • Corbel, M. J. (2006). Brucellosis in humans and animals. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press.
  • David, E. N., Timothy, J. P., Gary, C. N., & England, G. H. (2001). Arthur's Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. 8th Ed., London, UK: Elsevier.
  • Dey, S. K., Rahman, M. S., Rima, U. K. & Hossain, M. S., Chowdhury, G. A., & Munmun, P., Habib, M. A., & Khan, M. A. H. N. A. (2014). Serological and pathological investigation of brucellosis in dairy cows of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 11(2), 107-112.
  • Dohoo, I. R., Wright, P. F., Ruckerbauer, G. M., Samagh, B. S., Robertson, F. J., & Forbes, L. B. (1986). A comparison of five serological tests for bovine brucellosis. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 50(4), 485-493.
  • Ebrahim, W. O. M., Elfadil, A. A. M., Elgadal, A. A., & Shuaib, Y. A. (2016). Seroprevalence and risk factors of anti-brucella antibodies in cattle in Khartoum State, the Sudan. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 3(2), 134-144.
  • Falade, S., & Hussein, A. H. (1979). Brucellosis sero-activity in somalia goats. Tropical animal health and production, 11(1), 2211-2212.
  • Geresu, M. A., Ameni, G., Tuli, G., Arenas, A., & Kassa, G. M. (2016). Seropositivity and risk factors for brucella in dairy cows in Asella and Bishoftu towns, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 10(7), 203-213.
  • Ghanem, Y. M., El Sawalhy, A., Saad, A. A., Abdelkader, A. H., & Heybe, A. (2009). A  seroprevalence study of ovine and caprine brucellosis in three main regions of Somali and  (Northern Somalia). Bulletin of Animal Health and production in Africa, 57(3). 1-5.
  • Gumi, B., Firdessa, R., Yamuah, L., Sori, T., Tolosa, T., Aseffa, A., Zinsstag, J., Schelling E. (2013). Seroprevalence of brucellosis and q-fever in southeast Ethiopian pastoral livestock. Journal of Veterinary Science and Medical Diagnosis, 2(1), 1-11.
  • Aggad, H., & Boukraa, L (2006). Prevalence of bovine and human brucellosis in western Algeria: Comparison of screening tests,” Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 12(1-2),119-128.
  • Magona, J. W., Walubengo, J. Galiwango, T., & Etoori, A. (2009). Seroprevalence and potential risk of bovine brucellosis in zerograzing and pastoral dairy systems in Uganda. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 41(8), 1765-1771.
  • Kabagambe, E. K., Elzer, P. H., Geaghan, J. P., Opuda-Asibo, J., Scholl, D. T., & Miller,  J. E. (2001). Risk factors for Brucella seropositivity in goat herds in eastern and western Uganda. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 52(2), 91-108.
  • Kaltungo, B. Y., Saidu, S. N. A., Sackey, A. K. B., & Kazeem, H. M. (2013). Serological evidence of brucellosis in goats in Kaduna North Senatorial District of Kaduna State, Nigeria, ISRN Veterinary Science. ID 963673, 1-6.
  • Kassahun, A., Shiv, P., Yilkal, A., Esayas, G., Gelagaye, A., & Aschalew. Z. (2007) Seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and high risk professionals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Ethiopia Veterinary Journal, 11. 69-84.
  • Megersa, B., Biffa, D., Abunna, F., Regassa, A., Godfroid, J., & Skjerve, E. (2011). Seroprevalence of brucellosis and its contribution to abortion in cattle, camel, and goat kept under pastoral management in Borana, Ethiopia, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 43(3), 651-656.
  • Navarro, E., Casao, M. A., & Solera, J. (2004). Diagnosis of human brucellosis using PCR single nucleotide polymorphisms for rapid identification of Brucella isolates at the species level. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 73, 7331-7337.
  • Nega, F., Marysse, S., Tollens, E., & Mathijs, E. (2009). Diversification, income inequality and social capital in Northern Ethiopia. Paper presented at the ‘Taking Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry People, conference Beijing : China, 17-19.
  • OIE (2004). World organization for animal health. Bovine brucellosis. In: Manual of standard for diagnostic tests and vaccines. (5th ed), Paris, France. 242-262.
  • OIE (2018). Terrestrial Manual. In: Bovine Brucellosis.
  • Ombui, J. N., Mongoa, G. E., & Mate, G. A (2014). Assessment of performance and competitiveness of Somaliland livestock sector using value chain analysis. International Journal of Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2(1), 1-17.
  • PAHO/WHO (2001) Zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals. (3rd ed), V I. Bacteriosis and Mycosis. Scientific andTechnical Publications. No 580, Pan American Health Organization Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization. Washington D.C. USA.
  • Pappas, G., Papadimitriou, P., Akritidis, N., Christou, L., & Tsianos, E. V. (2006). The new global map of human brucellosis. The Lancet infectious diseases, 6(2), 91-99.
  • Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C., Blood, C. D., Hinchcliff, K. W. (2000). Veterinary medicine, textbook of the disease of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. (9th ed),pp. 867-882. New York: US: W.B. Saunders.
  • Rahman, M. S. (2019). “First Report of Brucellosis in Dairy Cattle and Humans in Military Farms in Bangladesh”. E C Veterinary Science 4(10), 1-5.
  • Schelling, E., Diguimbaye, C., Daoud, S., Nicolet, J., Boerlin, P., Tanner, M., & Zinsstag,  J. (2003). Brucellosis and q-fever seroprevalences of nomadic pastoralists and their livestock in Chad. Preventive veterinary medicine, 61(4), 279-293.
  • Swai, E. S., & Schoonman, L. (2010): The use of Rose Bengal Plate Test to asses cattle exposure to brucella infection in traditional and smallholder dairy production systems of tanga region of tanzania, Veterinary Medicine International, Article ID 837950.
  • Tesfaye, A. (2003). Brucellosis in cattle and small ruminants in selected sites of Tigray Region, North Ethiopia. FVM, AAU, Debre Zeit, DVM Thesis. Ethiopia.
  • Thrusfield, M. (2005). Veterinary epidemiology. (3rd ed), England, pp. 600. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science. Tijjani, A. O., Musa, H. I., Ousoumanou, O., Akintola, O. (2009). Prevalence of brucellosis in food animals slaughtered at Damatura abattoir, Yobe state Sahel Journal of Veterinary Science. 8(1), 55-60.
  • Walker, R. L. (1999). Brucella. In: Hirsh, D. C., Zee Y. C. (ed.) Veterinary Microbiology, pp.196-203. Malden, US: Blackwell Science.
  • World Health Organisation (2006) Brucellosis in humans and animals. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
  • Yayeh, T (2003). A survey of bovine brucellosis in selected areas of north Gondar zone, Ethiopia. FVM, AAU, Debre Zeit, DVM Thesis. Ethiopia.
Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 57 - 63, 29.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.757196

Abstract

A cross-sectional sero-prevalence study using random sampling was conducted from June to November 2019 in the selected districts of the Benadir Region of Somalia (Karaan District) and (Deyniile District) to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and assess the potential risk factors. In this study, a total of 395 animals aged from 7 months and above were screened for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal plate test, and positive sera were confirmed by complement fixation test. Four sera samples out of the 395 (0.7%) reacted positively for the Rose Bengal plate test and one of them reacted positively for the complement fixation test (0.2%). In the present result of this study, the prevalence in female and male and age were not significantly related to the seroprevalence of brucellosis (P>0.05). But there is a significant relationship of seropositivity of brucellosis with a record of abortion (P<0.05).The current cross-sectional study of bovine brucellosis in the Benadir region of Somalia showed is very low. There is a need to institute control measures of brucellosis through vaccination education on control to the public and conducting serosurveys and those animals testing positive culled.

References

  • Afrah, O. H., Adan, H. A., Jeyte, A. F., Alasow, R. N., Ismaan, H. N., Mohammed , M. O. (2020). Prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis in Mogadishu, Somalia.” IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 13(1), 17-20.
  • Alton, G. G., Jones, L. M., Angus, R. D. & Verger, J. M. (1988). Techniques for the brucellosis. Paris, France : Laboratory. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA).
  • Andreani, E., Prosperi, S., Salim, A. H., & Arush, A. M. (1982). Serological and bacteriological investigation onbrucellosis in domestic ruminants of the Somali Democratic Republic. Revue d'elevage et de medecine veterinaire des pays tropicaux, 35(4), 329-333.
  • Angara, T. E., Ismail, A., Agab, H., & Saeed, N. (2004). Sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Kuku Dairy Scheme, Khartoum North, Sudan. Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, 48(1&2), 27-35.
  • Bale, J. O. O. (1991) Brucellosis A threat to livestock production and human health in Nigeria in contribution to a symposium in honor of prof . SakaNuru, National animal production Research institute, (NAPRI), Zaira (pp. 15-26).
  • Cadmus, S. I. B., Ijagbone, I. F., Oputu, H. E., Adesokan, H. K., & Stack, J. A. (2006). Serological survey of Brucellosis in livestock animals and workers in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 9, 163-168.
  • Corbel, M. J. (1997). Brucellosis: an overview. Emerging infectious diseases, 3(2):213.
  • Corbel, M. J. (2006). Brucellosis in humans and animals. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press.
  • David, E. N., Timothy, J. P., Gary, C. N., & England, G. H. (2001). Arthur's Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. 8th Ed., London, UK: Elsevier.
  • Dey, S. K., Rahman, M. S., Rima, U. K. & Hossain, M. S., Chowdhury, G. A., & Munmun, P., Habib, M. A., & Khan, M. A. H. N. A. (2014). Serological and pathological investigation of brucellosis in dairy cows of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 11(2), 107-112.
  • Dohoo, I. R., Wright, P. F., Ruckerbauer, G. M., Samagh, B. S., Robertson, F. J., & Forbes, L. B. (1986). A comparison of five serological tests for bovine brucellosis. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 50(4), 485-493.
  • Ebrahim, W. O. M., Elfadil, A. A. M., Elgadal, A. A., & Shuaib, Y. A. (2016). Seroprevalence and risk factors of anti-brucella antibodies in cattle in Khartoum State, the Sudan. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 3(2), 134-144.
  • Falade, S., & Hussein, A. H. (1979). Brucellosis sero-activity in somalia goats. Tropical animal health and production, 11(1), 2211-2212.
  • Geresu, M. A., Ameni, G., Tuli, G., Arenas, A., & Kassa, G. M. (2016). Seropositivity and risk factors for brucella in dairy cows in Asella and Bishoftu towns, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 10(7), 203-213.
  • Ghanem, Y. M., El Sawalhy, A., Saad, A. A., Abdelkader, A. H., & Heybe, A. (2009). A  seroprevalence study of ovine and caprine brucellosis in three main regions of Somali and  (Northern Somalia). Bulletin of Animal Health and production in Africa, 57(3). 1-5.
  • Gumi, B., Firdessa, R., Yamuah, L., Sori, T., Tolosa, T., Aseffa, A., Zinsstag, J., Schelling E. (2013). Seroprevalence of brucellosis and q-fever in southeast Ethiopian pastoral livestock. Journal of Veterinary Science and Medical Diagnosis, 2(1), 1-11.
  • Aggad, H., & Boukraa, L (2006). Prevalence of bovine and human brucellosis in western Algeria: Comparison of screening tests,” Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 12(1-2),119-128.
  • Magona, J. W., Walubengo, J. Galiwango, T., & Etoori, A. (2009). Seroprevalence and potential risk of bovine brucellosis in zerograzing and pastoral dairy systems in Uganda. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 41(8), 1765-1771.
  • Kabagambe, E. K., Elzer, P. H., Geaghan, J. P., Opuda-Asibo, J., Scholl, D. T., & Miller,  J. E. (2001). Risk factors for Brucella seropositivity in goat herds in eastern and western Uganda. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 52(2), 91-108.
  • Kaltungo, B. Y., Saidu, S. N. A., Sackey, A. K. B., & Kazeem, H. M. (2013). Serological evidence of brucellosis in goats in Kaduna North Senatorial District of Kaduna State, Nigeria, ISRN Veterinary Science. ID 963673, 1-6.
  • Kassahun, A., Shiv, P., Yilkal, A., Esayas, G., Gelagaye, A., & Aschalew. Z. (2007) Seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and high risk professionals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Ethiopia Veterinary Journal, 11. 69-84.
  • Megersa, B., Biffa, D., Abunna, F., Regassa, A., Godfroid, J., & Skjerve, E. (2011). Seroprevalence of brucellosis and its contribution to abortion in cattle, camel, and goat kept under pastoral management in Borana, Ethiopia, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 43(3), 651-656.
  • Navarro, E., Casao, M. A., & Solera, J. (2004). Diagnosis of human brucellosis using PCR single nucleotide polymorphisms for rapid identification of Brucella isolates at the species level. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 73, 7331-7337.
  • Nega, F., Marysse, S., Tollens, E., & Mathijs, E. (2009). Diversification, income inequality and social capital in Northern Ethiopia. Paper presented at the ‘Taking Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry People, conference Beijing : China, 17-19.
  • OIE (2004). World organization for animal health. Bovine brucellosis. In: Manual of standard for diagnostic tests and vaccines. (5th ed), Paris, France. 242-262.
  • OIE (2018). Terrestrial Manual. In: Bovine Brucellosis.
  • Ombui, J. N., Mongoa, G. E., & Mate, G. A (2014). Assessment of performance and competitiveness of Somaliland livestock sector using value chain analysis. International Journal of Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2(1), 1-17.
  • PAHO/WHO (2001) Zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals. (3rd ed), V I. Bacteriosis and Mycosis. Scientific andTechnical Publications. No 580, Pan American Health Organization Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization. Washington D.C. USA.
  • Pappas, G., Papadimitriou, P., Akritidis, N., Christou, L., & Tsianos, E. V. (2006). The new global map of human brucellosis. The Lancet infectious diseases, 6(2), 91-99.
  • Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C., Blood, C. D., Hinchcliff, K. W. (2000). Veterinary medicine, textbook of the disease of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. (9th ed),pp. 867-882. New York: US: W.B. Saunders.
  • Rahman, M. S. (2019). “First Report of Brucellosis in Dairy Cattle and Humans in Military Farms in Bangladesh”. E C Veterinary Science 4(10), 1-5.
  • Schelling, E., Diguimbaye, C., Daoud, S., Nicolet, J., Boerlin, P., Tanner, M., & Zinsstag,  J. (2003). Brucellosis and q-fever seroprevalences of nomadic pastoralists and their livestock in Chad. Preventive veterinary medicine, 61(4), 279-293.
  • Swai, E. S., & Schoonman, L. (2010): The use of Rose Bengal Plate Test to asses cattle exposure to brucella infection in traditional and smallholder dairy production systems of tanga region of tanzania, Veterinary Medicine International, Article ID 837950.
  • Tesfaye, A. (2003). Brucellosis in cattle and small ruminants in selected sites of Tigray Region, North Ethiopia. FVM, AAU, Debre Zeit, DVM Thesis. Ethiopia.
  • Thrusfield, M. (2005). Veterinary epidemiology. (3rd ed), England, pp. 600. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science. Tijjani, A. O., Musa, H. I., Ousoumanou, O., Akintola, O. (2009). Prevalence of brucellosis in food animals slaughtered at Damatura abattoir, Yobe state Sahel Journal of Veterinary Science. 8(1), 55-60.
  • Walker, R. L. (1999). Brucella. In: Hirsh, D. C., Zee Y. C. (ed.) Veterinary Microbiology, pp.196-203. Malden, US: Blackwell Science.
  • World Health Organisation (2006) Brucellosis in humans and animals. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
  • Yayeh, T (2003). A survey of bovine brucellosis in selected areas of north Gondar zone, Ethiopia. FVM, AAU, Debre Zeit, DVM Thesis. Ethiopia.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Abdiaziz İdiris Mohamud

Yonis Abukar Mohamed

Mohamed Idiris Mohamed This is me

Publication Date August 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Mohamud, A. İ., Mohamed, Y. A., & Mohamed, M. I. (2020). Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in selected districts of Benadir Region, Somalia. Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences, 4(2), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.757196

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