PRACTICES FOR SPINAL HEALTH IN INDIVIDUALS IN CHILDHOOD: THE CASE OF ALTINDAG MUNICIPALITY

Year 2024, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 95 - 102, 31.12.2024

Müzeyyen Öz , Gizem Soylu , Yasemin Özel Aslıyüce

Abstract

Objective: It is known that spine-related pain is the most common problem in adulthood and that pain in childhood is a significant risk factor for pain in adulthood. This project was planned to raise awareness about spine health and exercise habits in children and adolescents.
Method: The project included ten girls and one boy. An exercise program was applied to the individuals, including stretching, strengthening, and posture exercises for 60 minutes, two days a week for six weeks. Pain intensity was evaluated using the Numeric Pain Scale, posture using the New York State Posture Scale, quality of life using the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnare, and body image using the Children's Body Image Scale. Balance tests on one leg, sit-up tests, handgrip muscle strength tests, and sit-to-stand flexibility tests were used to evaluate the physical fitness of the individuals. All assessments were repeated at baseline and after six weeks.
Results: After the exercise program, there was an increase in the results of the sit-to-stand test evaluating flexibility and hand grip strength performance evaluating muscle strength (p<0.05). The level of dissatisfaction decreased in body image results (p<0.05). No change was observed in the quality of life scores of the individuals after the program (p>0.05).
Discussion: As a result of the project, an improvement was observed in physical fitness parameters, including muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and body image. If the exercise and education program is continued, it may be beneficial in preventing spinal pain and recurrence in children.

Keywords

spinal pain, body image, spine health, posture, exercise

References

• 1. Haidar R, Saad S, Khoury NJ, Musharrafieh U. Practical approach to the child presenting with back pain. Eur J Pediatr. 2011;170(2):149-56.
• 2. Altaf F, Heran M, Wilson L. Back pain in children and adolescents. Bone Joint J. 2014;96(6):717-23.
• 3. Bansal S, Katzman WB, Giangregorio LM. Exercise for improving age-related hyperkyphotic posture: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(1):129-40.
• 4. Jenkins HJ, Downie AS, Fernandez M, Hancock MJ. Decreasing thoracic hyperkyphosis - Which treatments are most effective? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021;56:102438.
• 5. Maciałczyk-Paprocka K, Stawińska-Witoszyńska B, Kotwicki T, Sowińska A, Krzyżaniak A, Walkowiak J, et al. Prevalence of incorrect body posture in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Eur J Pediatr. 2017;176:563-72.
• 6. Konieczny MR, Senyurt H, Krauspe R. Epidemiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Child Orthop. 2013;7(1):3-9.
• 7. Ciccarelli M, Chen JD, Vaz S, Cordier R, Falkmer T. Managing children's postural risk when using mobile technology at home: Challenges and strategies. Appl Ergon. 2015;51:189-98.
• 8. Hood R, Zabatiero J, Zubrick SR, Silva D, Straker L. The association of mobile touch screen device use with parent-child attachment: A systematic review. Ergonomics. 2021;64(12):1606-22.
• 9. Palermo TM. Pain prevention and management must begin in childhood: the key role of psychological interventions. Pain. 2020;161(Suppl):S114.
• 10. Azevedo N, Ribeiro JC, Machado L. Back pain in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Eur Spine J. 2023;32(9):3280-9.
• 11. Hébert JJ, Beynon AM, Jones BL, Wang C, Shrier I, Hartvigsen J, et al. Spinal pain in childhood: prevalence, trajectories, and diagnoses in children 6 to 17 years of age. Eur J Pediatr. 2022:1-10.
• 12. Marin L, Lovecchio N, Pedrotti L, Manzoni F, Febbi M, Albanese I, et al. Acute effects of self-correction on spine deviation and balance in adolescent girls with idiopathic scoliosis. Sensors. 2022;22(5):1883.
• 13. Miñana-Signes V, Monfort-Pañego M. Knowledge on health and back care education related to physical activity and exercise in adolescents. Eur Spine J. 2016;25:755-9.
• 14. Calcaterra V, Marin L, Vandoni M, Rossi V, Pirazzi A, Grazi R, et al. Childhood obesity and incorrect body posture: impact on physical activity and the therapeutic role of exercise. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(24):16728.
• 15. Hill JJ, Keating J. Encouraging healthy spine habits to prevent low back pain in children: an observational study of adherence to exercise. Physiotherapy. 2016;102(3):229-35.
• 16. Park Jh, Kim JS. Effects of spinal health educational programs for elementary school children. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2011;16(2):121-9.
• 17. Hill JJ, Keating JL. Daily exercises and education for preventing low back pain in children: cluster randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2015; 95(4):507-16.
• 18. Elena B, Ingrid PŠ, Šárka T, Jan V. Effects of an exercise program on the dynamic function of the spine in female students in secondary school. J Phys Educ Sport. 2018;18(2).
• 19. Kahl C, Cleland JA. Visual analogue scale, numeric pain rating scale and the McGill pain Questionnaire: an overview of psychometric properties. Phys Ther Rev. 2005;10(2):123-8.
• 20. McRoberts LB, Cloud RM, Black CM. Evaluation of the New York Posture Rating Chart for assessing changes in postural alignment in a garment study. Clothing Text Res J. 2013;31(2):81-96.
• 21. Memik NC, Agaoglu B, Coskun A, Uneri OS, Karakaya I. The validity and reliability of the Turkish Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for children 13-18 years old. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2007;18(4):353.
• 22. Varni JW, Seid M, Rode CA. The PedsQL™: measurement model for the pediatric quality of life inventory. Med Care.1999:126-39.
• 23. Benlidayı İC. Current look at vestibular rehabilitation. Meandros Med Dental J. 2014;15(2):73-6.
• 24. Jordan K, Arden N, Doherty M, Bannwarth B, Bijlsma J, Dieppe P, et al. EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: Report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(12):1145-55.
• 25. Hamilton GF, McDonald C, Chenier TC. Measurement of grip strength: validity and reliability of the sphygmomanometer and jamar grip dynamometer. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1992;16(5):215-9.
• 26. Hands B, Larkin D. Physical fitness differences in children with and without motor learning difficulties. Eur J Spec Needs Educ. 2006;21(4):447-56.
• 27. Akliman ÇK, Avcı M, Avcı İK. Body satisfaction and self‐perception profile: Reliability and validity analyses of the Children's body image scale for Turkish children. Child Soc.2023;37(6):1774-90.
• 28. Truby H, Paxton SJ. Development of the children's body image scale. Br J Clin Psychol. 2002;41(2):185-203.
• 29. O'Sullivan K, O'Keeffe M, Forster BB, Qamar SR, van der Westhuizen A, O'Sullivan PB. Managing low back pain in active adolescents. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019;33(1):102-21.
• 30. García-Moreno JM, Calvo-Munoz I, Gómez-Conesa A, López-López JA. Effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for back care and the prevention of non-specific low back pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):314.
• 31. Moreira R, Akagi F, Wun P, Moriguchi C, Sato T. Effects of a school based exercise program on children’s resistance and flexibility. Work. 2012;41(Supplement 1):922-8.
• 32. Kayapinar FC, Mengutay S, Uzun S. The investigation effects of sample pilot study program on postur of preschool children. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2012;46:2806-10.
• 33. Calvo-Muñoz I, Gómez-Conesa A, Sánchez-Meca J. Preventive physiotherapy interventions for back care in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13:1-19.
• 34. Lazary A, Szövérfi Z, Szita J, Somhegyi A, Kümin M, Varga PP. Primary prevention of disc degeneration-related symptoms. Eur Spine J. 2014;23:385-93.
• 35. Slade PD. What is body image? Behaviour research and therapy. 1994.
• 36. Smolak L. Body image development–girl children. Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance: Academic Press. 2012. p. 212-8.
• 37. Tiggemann M. Body dissatisfaction and adolescent self-esteem: Prospective findings. Body Image. 2005;2(2):129-35.
• 38. Arslan U, Araz Ö, Özcebe L, Üner S, Ünlü H, Yardim M, et al. Body image dissatisfaction among school children in Turkey and its potential effect on body esteem. Turk J Pediatr. 2023;65(1).
• 39. Zhao J, Xiang C, Fadilah TKT, Luo H. The Effects of Physical Activity Interventions on Children’s Perception: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Sports Sci Med. 2024;23(2):289.
• 40. Wu XY, Han LH, Zhang JH, Luo S, Hu JW, Sun K. The influence of physical activity, sedentary behavior on health-related quality of life among the general population of children and adolescents: A systematic review. PloS One. 2017;12(11):e0187668.