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Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer’in Etkinliği ve Güvenliliği Üzerine Derleme

Year 2018, Volume: 38 Issue: 1, 11 - 23, 15.01.2018

Abstract

Panax ginseng (Panax ginseng, C.A. Meyer) (P. ginseng) yüzyıllar boyunca özellikle Doğu Asya kültürlerinde geleneksel bitkisel ilaç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalar P. ginseng’in öğrenme kabiliyetini geliştirdiğini, antidepresan etkisinin bulunduğunu, nörolojik fonksiyonları düzelttiğini ve kan dolaşımını düzenlediğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca karaciğerin korunması ve iyileşmesi üzerine etkili olduğu, erektil disfonksiyonunu düzelttiği, çeşitli kanser hücre gelişmesini inhibe edebildiği bildirilmektedir. Günümüze kadar P. ginseng’in farmakolojik özellikleri üzerine çok sayıda klinik araştırmalar yapılmış olmasında rağmen, birçok sistematik derleme bu ile ilgili verilerin hala yetersiz olduğunu ve klinik etkinlik için güçlü kanıtların bulunamadığını ortaya koymaktadır. P. ginseng’in uzun süredir kullanılması ve klinik çalışma sonuçları bitkinin ciddi bir güvenlilik kaygısı taşımadığını göstermektedir, ancak hipersensitivite reaksiyonları, mide-bağırsak problemleri ve uykusuzluk yapabileceği, ancak bu belirtiler hafif ve geri dönüşümlü etkilerdir. Klinik araştırmalarda etkileşimlerle ilgili olgu sunumlarının doğruluğu kanıtlanamamasına rağmen ilaç-bitki etkileşmeleri açısında dikkat edilmelidir. Yeterli veri olmadığı için hamilelik ve emzirme döneminde ve pediatrik gruplarda kullanılması önerilmemektedir. Bu derleme kapsamında P.ginseng’in geleneksel kullanımı, farmakokinetiği, farmakolojik etkileri, toksisitesi ve güvenli kullanımı tartışılmıştır.

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Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer’in Etkinliği ve Güvenliliği Üzerine Derleme

Year 2018, Volume: 38 Issue: 1, 11 - 23, 15.01.2018

Abstract

Panax ginseng (Panax ginseng, C.A.Meyer) (P. ginseng) have been used as traditional herbal medicine for centuries, especially in Eastern Asian cultures. The research shows that P. ginseng develops learning ability, has antidepressant effect, ameliorates neurological functions, and regulates blood circulation. Moreover, it has been reported to be effective on liver protection and healing, to improve erectile dysfunction, to inhibit cell progression in various cancer cells. Despite the fact that numerous clinical studies have been conducted on the pharmacological properties of P. ginseng until today, several systematic reviews have revealed that related data is still inconclusive and strong evidence for clinical efficacy cannot be deduced. Due to the long-standing use of P. ginseng and the outcome of clinical trials, it seems not to have serious safety concerns, however it has been reported that it may couse hypersensitivity reactions, gastrointestiral disordes and insomnia. However, these symptoms are mild and reversible. Despite case reports on interactions can not be verified in clinical trials, drug-herbal interactions should be considered. Since there is not enough data, it is not recommended to use during pregnancy and lactation and in pediatric groups. In this review, the traditional use, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects, toxicity and safety use of P. ginseng has been discussed.

References

  • 1. Bensky D, Clavey S, Stöger E, Gamble A: Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica. 3. Baskı. Eastland Press: Seattle, USA, 2004.
  • 2. EMA, European Medicines Agency: Assesment report on Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, radix. EMA/HMPC/321232/2012. 2013 March 12. Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/ document_library/Herbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report/2013/04/ WC500142080.pdf.
  • 3. Baytop A: Farmasötik Botanik Ders Kitabı. Dialypetalae: İ.Ü. Basımevi ve Film Merkezi; İstanbul, Türkiye, 1991, pp. 219.
  • 4. Choi K: Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean Panax ginseng C A Meyer, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2008, 29(9):1109-1118.
  • 5. Ru W, Wang D, Xu Y, He X, Sun YE, Qian L, Zhou X, Qin Y: Chemical constituents and bioactivities of Panax ginseng (C.A. Mey.). Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics 2015, 9(1):23-32.
  • 6. Ortaç M: Erektil Disfonksiyon Tedavisinde Fitoterapi. Androloji Bülteni 2016, 18(64):20-23.
  • 7. Park KH, Shin HJ, Song YB, Hyun HC, Cho HJ, Ham HS, Yoo YB, Ko YC, Jun WT, Park HJ: Possible Role of Ginsenoside Rb1 on Regulation of Rat Liver Triglycerides. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2002, 25(4):457-460.
  • 8. Sezgin C. Kanserde Bitkilerle Tedavide Örnek Uygulamalar. In: Çekin MD, Altuncan F, Yakut A, Tınmaz MZ (eds). Bitkilerle Tedavi Sempozyumu. Anka; İstanbul. 2011: pp 73-78.
  • 9. Yamada N, Araki H, Yoshimura H: Identification of antidepressant- like ingredients in ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) using a menopausal depressive-like state in female mice: participation of 5-HT2A receptors. Psychopharmacology 2011, 216(4):589-599.
  • 10. Ye R, Kong X, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Han J, Zhao G: Ginsenoside Rd attenuates redox imbalance and improves stroke outcome after focal cerebral ischemia in aged mice. Neuropharmacology 2011, 61(4), 815-824.
  • 11. Kitts DD, Hu C: Efficacy and safety of ginseng. Public Health Nutrition 2000, 3(4A):473-485.
  • 12. Tanker N, Koyuncu M, Coşkun M. Farmasötik Botanik Ders Kitabı. “Spermatophyta”: Ankara. 1993: pp. 350.
  • 13. Seely D, Dugoua J, Perri D, Mills E, Koren G: Safety and Efficacy of Panax Ginseng During Pregnancy and Lactation. The Canadian Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2008, 15(1):87-94.
  • 14. Lee SM, Bae B, Park H, Ahn N, Cho B, Cho YL, Kwak YS: Characterization of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): History, preparation method, and chemical composition. Journal of Ginseng Research 2015, 39(4):384-391.
  • 15. Wan D, Jiao L, Yang H, Liu S: Structural characterization and immunological activities of the water-soluble oligosaccharides isolated from the Panax ginseng roots. Planta 2012, 235(6):1289-1297.
  • 16. Liu JH, Lee CS, Leung KM, Yan ZK, Shen BH, Zhao ZZ, Jiang ZH: Quantification of Two Polyacetylenes in Radix Ginseng and Roots of Related Panax Species Using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Method. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2007, 55(22):8830-8835.
  • 17. Quian ZM, Lu J, Gao QP, Li SP: Rapid method for simultaneous determination of flavonoid, saponins and polyacetylenes in Folium Ginseng and Radix Ginseng by pressurized liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography. A 2009, 1216(18):3825-3830.
  • 18. Washida D, Kitanaka S: Determination of Polyacetylenes and Ginsenosides in Panax Species Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2003, 51(11):1314-1317.
  • 19. Han BH, Park MH, Han YN, Woo LK: Alkaloidal components of Panax ginseng. Archives of Pharmacal Research 1986, 9(1):21-23.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

İşıl Nur Apaydın This is me

Sevtap Aydın

Publication Date January 15, 2018
Acceptance Date November 16, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 38 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Apaydın İN, Aydın S. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer’in Etkinliği ve Güvenliliği Üzerine Derleme. HUJPHARM. 2018;38(1):11-23.