Gebelikte Antiepileptik İlaçların Kullanımının Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2016, Issue: 2, 170 - 185, 01.06.2016

Tuğba Adak Suna Sabuncuoğlu

Abstract

Gebelikte önceden var olan ve/veya gebelik sırasında oluşan hastalıklar sebebiyle ilaç kullanımı gerekli olabilmektedir. Gebelikte tedavisine devam edilmesi gereken hastalıklardan biri de epilepsidir. Gebelerde epilepsi görülme insidansı %0,5 ile 1 arasında değişmekte olup, bu süreçte başta tonik-klonik olmak üzere bütün nöbet tiplerinin engellenmesi gerekmektedir. Çünkü bu dönemde geçirilecek nöbetler, hem anneye hem de bebeğe zarar verebilmektedir. Öte yandan epilepsinin tedavisinde kullanılan antiepileptik ilaçların da teratojenite potansiyellerinin yüksek olduğu bilinmektedir. Kardiyak defektler, damak ve dudak yarıkları, hipospadias ve nöral tüp defekti kullanımlarına bağlı en sık görülen malformasyonlardandır ve bu malformasyonların oluşma riski politerapiyle birlikte artmaktadır. Bu derlemede, gebelikte sıklıkla kullanılan antiepileptik ilaçların teratojenite potansiyelleri değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

teratojenite, gebelik, antiepileptik

Assessment of Usage the Antiepileptic Drugs During Pregnancy

Abstract

During pregnancy medications can be used due to pregnancy related problems or existing diseases of the pregnant woman. Epilepsy is one of these diseases that the treatment should be continued during pregnancy. Among pregnant women incidence of epilepsy ranges between 0.5 % and 1 %. During pregnancy, all type of seizures including tonic-clonic type should be prevented. Because of these seizures both the mother and the baby fetus might be damaged. On the other hand, it is known that antiepileptic drugs used in the treatment of epilepsy have a high potential for teratogenicity. Cardiac defects, cleft lip and palate, hypospadias, neural tube defects are common malformations caused by antiepileptic drug usage and risk of having these malformations increase with polytherapy. In this review, teratogenetic potentials of most commonly used antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy are evaluated.

Keywords

teratogenicity, pregnancy, antiepileptic

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