Türkiye’de Satılan Bebek Pürelerinde Nitrit Düzeyleri
Year 2009,
Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 01.01.2009
Pınar Erkekoğlu
Ali Aşcı
Terken Baydar
Abstract
Bu çalışmada bebek pürelerinde nitrit kontaminasyonunun olup olmadığının saptanması ve olası toksikolojik risklerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla yerel marketlerden rastgele yirmi iki bebek püresi toplanmıştır. Örneklerdeki nitrit düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde modifiye edilmiş bir spektrofotometrik metot kullanılmıştır. Sebze bazlı pürelerdeki nitrit kontaminasyonunun meyve bazlı olanlardan %58,66 daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu verilere göre, nitrit içeriğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla ticari bebek püreleri rutin olarak izlenmeli ve nitrit tüketiminin azaltılması için izlemenin sürekliliği sağlanmalıdır.
References
- Scanlan, F.P.: Potential Contaminants in the Food Chain: Identification, Prevention and Issue Management, Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program, 60, 65 (2007).
- Thomson, B.M., Nokes, C.J., Cressy, P.J.: Intake and Risk Assessment of Nitrate and Nitrite from New Zealand Foods and Drinking Water, Food Addit Contam, 24, 113 (2007).
- Erkekoglu, P., Baydar, T.: Evaluation of Nitrite Contamination in Baby Foods and In- fant Formulas Marketed in Turkey, Int J Food Sci Nutr, 60, 206 (2009).
- Reinik, M., Tamme, T., Roasto, M., Juhkam, k., Jurtsenko, S., Tenno, T., kiis, A.: Nitrites, Nitrates and N-nitrosamines in Estonian Cured Meat Products: Intake by Es- tonian Children and Adolescents, Food Addit Contam, 22, 1098 (2005).
- Tamme, T., Reiniki M., Roasto, M., Juhkam, k., Tenno, T., kiis, A.: Nitrates and Nitrites in Vegetables and Vegetable-based Products and their Intakes by Estonian Population, Food Addit Contam, 23, 355 (2006).
- Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). WHO Food Additive Series 50: Nitrate and nitrite. Available from: http://www.inchem.org/ documents/jecfa/jecmono/v50je07.htm
- Bruning, C.S., kaneene, J.B.: The Effects of Nitrate, Nitrite and N-nitroso Compounds on Human Health: A Review, Vet Human Toxicol, 5, 521 (1993).
- Mensinga, T.T., Speijers, G.J.A., Meulenbelt, J.: Health Implications of Exposure to Environmental Nitrogenous Compounds, Toxicol Rev, 22, 41 (2003).
- Greer, F.R., Shannon, M.: Infant Methemoglobinemia: The Role of Dietary Nitrate in Food and Water, Pediatrics, 116, 784 (2005).
- Jakszyn, P., Gonzalez, A.: Nitrosamine and related Food Intake and Gastric and Oe- sophageal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence, World J Gas- troenterol, 12, 4296 (2006).
- Mcknight, G.M., Duncan, C.W., Leifert, C., Golden, M.H.: Dietary Nitrate in Man: Friend or Foe? Br J Nutr, 81, 349 (1999).
- Winton, E.F., Tardiff, R.G., McCabe, L.J.: Nitrate in Drinking Water, J American Water Works Assoc, 63, 95 (1971).
- kross, B.C., Ayebo, A.D., Fuortes, L.J.: Methemoglobinemia: Nitrate Toxicity in Rural America, Am Fam Physician, 46, 183 (1992).
- Griess, P.: Bemerkungen zu der abhandlung der HH. Weselksy und benedikt. Ueber einige azoverbindungen, Ber Dtsch Chem Ges, 12, 426 (1879).
- Johnson, E.A., Tepp, W.H., Bradshaw, M., Gilbert, R.J., Cook, P.E., McIntosh, E.D.: Characterization of Clostridium Botulinum Strains Associated with an Infant Botulism Case in the United kingdom, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 2602, (2005).
- Contaminants in Food & Feed- Contaminants in Foodstuffs. Foreign Agricultural Ser- vice. U.S. Mission to European Union. Also Available at: http://useu.usmission.gov/ agri/contaminants.html. Last updated: September 28, 2007.
- Commision Regulation (EC) No 466/2001. Setting Maximum Levels For Certain Con- taminants in Foodstuffs. Official J European Comm. Also Available at: https://www. elaw.org/assets/pdf/fcr02_en.pdf . Last updated: 8 March 2001.
- Commision Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006. Setting Maximum Levels For Certain Con- taminants in Foodstuffs. Off J European Union. Also Available at: http://eur-lex.eu- ropa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2006/l364/l_36420061220 en00050024.pdf. Last updated: 19 December 2006. 10
- Sanchez-Echaniz, J., Benito-Fernandez, J., Mintegui-Raso, S.: Methemoglobinemia and Consumption of Vegetables in Infants, Pediatrics, 107, 1024 (2001).
- Murone, A.J., Stucki, P., Roback, M.G., Gehri, M.: Severe Methemoglobinemia due to Food Intoxication in Infants, Pediatric Emergen Care, 21, 536 (2005).
- Complementary Foods. Chapter 5: Available from: http://www.nal.usda.gov/wic- works/Topics/FG/Chapter5_ComplementaryFoods.pdf
- Thompson, B.M., Nokes, C.J., Cressy, P.J.: Intake and Risk Assessment of Nitrate and Nitrite from New Zealand Foods and Drinking Water, Food Addit Contam, 24, 113 (2007).
- Chung, S.Y., kim, J.S., kim, M., Hong, M.k., Lee, J.O., kim, C.M., Song I.S.: Survey of Nitrate and Nitrite Contents of Vegetables Grown in korea, Food Addit Contam, 20, 621 (2003).
- Susin, J., kmecl, V., Gregorcic, A.: A Survey of Nitrate and Nitrite Content of Fruit and Vegetables Grown in Slovenia during 1996-2002, Food Addit Contam, 23, 385 (2006).
- JECFA (FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives). Food Additive Series 50. Sodium Nitrite CAS No: 7632-00-0 OECD SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 20 (Paris, France, 19-22 April 2005).
- Erkekoglu, P., Sipahi, H., Baydar, T. Evaluation of Nitrite in Ready-Made Soups. Food Anal Meth 2, 61 (2009).
- Bryk, T., Zalzstein, E., Lifshitz, M.: Methemoglobinemia Induced by Refrigerated Veg- etable Puree in Conjunction with Supraventricular Tachycardia, Acta Pediatric, 92, 1214 (2003).
- M. Reinik, T. Tamme, M. Roasto, k. Juhkam, S. Jurtsenko, T. Tenno, A. kiis. Food Add. Nitrites, nitrates and N-nitrosoamines in Estonian cured meat Products:intake by Estonian children and adolescents. Contam, 22, 1098 (2005).
Nitrite Levels in Commercially Available Baby Purees Marketed in Turkey
Year 2009,
Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 01.01.2009
Pınar Erkekoğlu
Ali Aşcı
Terken Baydar
Abstract
This study was aimed to detect whether there was any nitrite contamination in baby purees and to estimate the possible toxicological risks. For this purpose, twenty-two baby purees were randomly collected from the local markets. A modified spectrophotometric method was used to detect nitrite levels in the samples. It was found that the vegetable-based purees had 58.66% higher nitrite concentration than fruit-based purees. According to the data, it can be concluded that commercial baby purees should be monitored routinely because of the nitrite content and surveillance should be continuous in order to reduce of nitrite consumption.
References
- Scanlan, F.P.: Potential Contaminants in the Food Chain: Identification, Prevention and Issue Management, Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program, 60, 65 (2007).
- Thomson, B.M., Nokes, C.J., Cressy, P.J.: Intake and Risk Assessment of Nitrate and Nitrite from New Zealand Foods and Drinking Water, Food Addit Contam, 24, 113 (2007).
- Erkekoglu, P., Baydar, T.: Evaluation of Nitrite Contamination in Baby Foods and In- fant Formulas Marketed in Turkey, Int J Food Sci Nutr, 60, 206 (2009).
- Reinik, M., Tamme, T., Roasto, M., Juhkam, k., Jurtsenko, S., Tenno, T., kiis, A.: Nitrites, Nitrates and N-nitrosamines in Estonian Cured Meat Products: Intake by Es- tonian Children and Adolescents, Food Addit Contam, 22, 1098 (2005).
- Tamme, T., Reiniki M., Roasto, M., Juhkam, k., Tenno, T., kiis, A.: Nitrates and Nitrites in Vegetables and Vegetable-based Products and their Intakes by Estonian Population, Food Addit Contam, 23, 355 (2006).
- Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). WHO Food Additive Series 50: Nitrate and nitrite. Available from: http://www.inchem.org/ documents/jecfa/jecmono/v50je07.htm
- Bruning, C.S., kaneene, J.B.: The Effects of Nitrate, Nitrite and N-nitroso Compounds on Human Health: A Review, Vet Human Toxicol, 5, 521 (1993).
- Mensinga, T.T., Speijers, G.J.A., Meulenbelt, J.: Health Implications of Exposure to Environmental Nitrogenous Compounds, Toxicol Rev, 22, 41 (2003).
- Greer, F.R., Shannon, M.: Infant Methemoglobinemia: The Role of Dietary Nitrate in Food and Water, Pediatrics, 116, 784 (2005).
- Jakszyn, P., Gonzalez, A.: Nitrosamine and related Food Intake and Gastric and Oe- sophageal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence, World J Gas- troenterol, 12, 4296 (2006).
- Mcknight, G.M., Duncan, C.W., Leifert, C., Golden, M.H.: Dietary Nitrate in Man: Friend or Foe? Br J Nutr, 81, 349 (1999).
- Winton, E.F., Tardiff, R.G., McCabe, L.J.: Nitrate in Drinking Water, J American Water Works Assoc, 63, 95 (1971).
- kross, B.C., Ayebo, A.D., Fuortes, L.J.: Methemoglobinemia: Nitrate Toxicity in Rural America, Am Fam Physician, 46, 183 (1992).
- Griess, P.: Bemerkungen zu der abhandlung der HH. Weselksy und benedikt. Ueber einige azoverbindungen, Ber Dtsch Chem Ges, 12, 426 (1879).
- Johnson, E.A., Tepp, W.H., Bradshaw, M., Gilbert, R.J., Cook, P.E., McIntosh, E.D.: Characterization of Clostridium Botulinum Strains Associated with an Infant Botulism Case in the United kingdom, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 2602, (2005).
- Contaminants in Food & Feed- Contaminants in Foodstuffs. Foreign Agricultural Ser- vice. U.S. Mission to European Union. Also Available at: http://useu.usmission.gov/ agri/contaminants.html. Last updated: September 28, 2007.
- Commision Regulation (EC) No 466/2001. Setting Maximum Levels For Certain Con- taminants in Foodstuffs. Official J European Comm. Also Available at: https://www. elaw.org/assets/pdf/fcr02_en.pdf . Last updated: 8 March 2001.
- Commision Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006. Setting Maximum Levels For Certain Con- taminants in Foodstuffs. Off J European Union. Also Available at: http://eur-lex.eu- ropa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2006/l364/l_36420061220 en00050024.pdf. Last updated: 19 December 2006. 10
- Sanchez-Echaniz, J., Benito-Fernandez, J., Mintegui-Raso, S.: Methemoglobinemia and Consumption of Vegetables in Infants, Pediatrics, 107, 1024 (2001).
- Murone, A.J., Stucki, P., Roback, M.G., Gehri, M.: Severe Methemoglobinemia due to Food Intoxication in Infants, Pediatric Emergen Care, 21, 536 (2005).
- Complementary Foods. Chapter 5: Available from: http://www.nal.usda.gov/wic- works/Topics/FG/Chapter5_ComplementaryFoods.pdf
- Thompson, B.M., Nokes, C.J., Cressy, P.J.: Intake and Risk Assessment of Nitrate and Nitrite from New Zealand Foods and Drinking Water, Food Addit Contam, 24, 113 (2007).
- Chung, S.Y., kim, J.S., kim, M., Hong, M.k., Lee, J.O., kim, C.M., Song I.S.: Survey of Nitrate and Nitrite Contents of Vegetables Grown in korea, Food Addit Contam, 20, 621 (2003).
- Susin, J., kmecl, V., Gregorcic, A.: A Survey of Nitrate and Nitrite Content of Fruit and Vegetables Grown in Slovenia during 1996-2002, Food Addit Contam, 23, 385 (2006).
- JECFA (FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives). Food Additive Series 50. Sodium Nitrite CAS No: 7632-00-0 OECD SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 20 (Paris, France, 19-22 April 2005).
- Erkekoglu, P., Sipahi, H., Baydar, T. Evaluation of Nitrite in Ready-Made Soups. Food Anal Meth 2, 61 (2009).
- Bryk, T., Zalzstein, E., Lifshitz, M.: Methemoglobinemia Induced by Refrigerated Veg- etable Puree in Conjunction with Supraventricular Tachycardia, Acta Pediatric, 92, 1214 (2003).
- M. Reinik, T. Tamme, M. Roasto, k. Juhkam, S. Jurtsenko, T. Tenno, A. kiis. Food Add. Nitrites, nitrates and N-nitrosoamines in Estonian cured meat Products:intake by Estonian children and adolescents. Contam, 22, 1098 (2005).