Endokrin Bozucu Kimyasal Maddelere ve Etki Mekanizmalarına Genel Bir Bakış

Year 2019, Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 30 - 43, 15.01.2019

Büşra Yıldız Fendoğlu Belma Koçer-gümüşel Pınar Erkekoğlu

Abstract

Günümüzde, endokrin bozucu kimyasal maddelerin çevre ve insanlar üzer- indeki etkilerinin araştırılmasına yönelik çalışmalar oldukça ilgi görmekte- dir. Endokrin bozucu kimyasal maddeler, endokrin sistemin normal işleyişini değiştirerek bireyde ya da sonraki kuşaklarında olumsuz etkiler oluşturabilirler. İnsanlar, endokrin bozucu kimyasal maddelere farklı birçok kaynaktan maruz kalmaktadır. Bu kaynakların başında gıdalar, ambalaj malzemeleri, kozmetikler ve ilaçlar gelmektedir. Bu kimyasal maddelere maruziyet ile ortaya çıkabilecek toksik etkilerdeki temel kritik faktörlerden en önemlisi maruziyet yaşıdır. Özel- likle prenatal ve erken postnatal dönemdeki maruziyetler toksik etkilerinin daha şiddetli bir şekilde ortaya çıkmasına yol açabilir. Bunun yanında, maruz kalınan endokrin bozucunun yapısal özellikleri ve bu kimyasal maddelere karışım halde maruz kalma toksisitenin derecesini etkileyebilir. Endokrin bozucu kimyasal maddelerin çoğunun toksik etki mekanizmaları tam olarak bilinmemekle bir- likte, oksidatif stres, genotoksik ve/veya epigenetik etkiler, nükleer reseptörlerle etkileşme ve endojen hormonlara duyarlılığını arttırma gibi birçok farklı etkilerin bir ya da birçoğu yoluyla toksik etki oluşturabildikleri söylenebilir. Bu derleme kapsamında, endokrin bozucuların kullanım alanları, sınıflandırılmaları, etki mekanizmaları ve organ/sistemler üzerindeki toksik etkilerinden söz edilecektir.

Keywords

Endokrin bozucu kimyasal maddeler, etki mekanizması, bisfenol A

A General Overview on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Their Mechanism of Action

Abstract

Nowadays, the studies for the impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on the environment and humans are gaining interest. Endocrine disrupting chemicals can cause adverse effects on individuals or future generations by altering the regular functioning of the endocrine system. Humans are exposed to these chemi- cals from various sources. These sources are mainly foods, packaging materials, cosmetics and medicines. The most important basic critical factor for their toxic effects after exposure to these chemicals is the age of exposure. Prenatal and early postnatal exposures may particularly cause more severe toxic effects. In addition, the structural properties of the endocrine disruptors and exposure their mixtures can affect the extent of the toxicity. Though the toxic mechanisms of action for endocrine disrupting chemicals is not well-known, they are suggested to cause toxicity with one or more toxic effects like oxidative stress, genotoxic and epigenetic effects, in- teraction with nuclear receptors and increasing sensitivity to endogenous hormones. In this review, we will focus on the uses, classifications, mechanisms of action and toxic ef- fects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on organs/systems.

Keywords

Endocrine disrupting chemicals, phthalates, bisphenol A

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