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Antiviral Activity of Approved Centrally Acting Drugs: A Narrative Review

Year 2022, Volume: 42 Issue: 3, 187 - 198, 01.09.2022

Esraa Elhadi , Leena Abdulaziz , Ejlal A. A. Abdallah Fadlalbaseer Alamin Eltieb Alnoor Alnoor , Bashir A. Yousef

https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1047842

Abstract

The emerging and re-emerging of viral infections represent serious problems with many of them affecting the nervous system; many of these viral infections still lacks an effective vaccine or treatment. To overcome viral infections three major approaches are being followed which are developing effective vaccines, de novo antiviral drug discovery and drugs repurposing to be used for viral infections. . Regarding drug repurposing approach, many drugs from different classes were documented as candidates for repurposing for antiviral use, moreover drugs that showed antiviral activity while being already used for nervous system purposes present promising candidates for repurposing, having an advantage of being able to pass through the blood-brain barrier and easily reaching the nervous system. This narrative review article was written as a part in the effort to overcome viral infections, the review summaries the researches that focused on the antiviral ac- tivity of drugs originally approved for their effect on the nervous system. And in order to help other researchers to relate between the effect of the drugs on mem- bers within thhe same family and the effect on viruses of different families, the findings were arranged in sections based on the classification of viral families to which viruses used in the studies documented belong.

References

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  • 2. Mercorelli B, Palù G, Loregian A. Drug Repurposing for Viral Infectious Diseases: How Far Are We? Trends Microbiol. 2018;26(10):865-76.
  • 3. Mani D, Wadhwani A, Krishnamurthy PT. Drug Repurposing in Antiviral Research: A Current Scenario. J Young Pharm. 2019;11(2):117-21.
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  • 6. Nobile B, Durand M, Olié E, Guillaume S, Molès JP, Haffen E, et al. Clomipramine Could Be Useful in Preventing Neurological Complications of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020;15(3):347-8.
  • 7. Bourne N, Bernstein DI, Stanberry LR. Civamide (cis-capsaicin) for treatment of primary or recurrent experimental genital herpes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999;43(11):2685-8.
  • 8. Ferraris O, Moroso M, Pernet O, Emonet S, Ferrier Rembert A, Paranhos-Baccalà G, et al. Evaluation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in vitro inhibition by chloroquine and chlorpromazine, two FDA approved molecules. Antiviral Res. 2015;118:75-81.
  • 9. Payne S. Family Coronaviridae. Viruses. 2017:149–58.
  • 10. Dyall J, Coleman CM, Hart BJ, Venkataraman T, Holbrook MR, Kindrachuk J, et al. Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(8):4885-93.
  • 11. Pöhlmann S, Cong Y, Hart BJ, Gross R, Zhou H, Frieman M, et al. MERS-CoV pathogenesis and antiviral efficacy of licensed drugs in human monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells. Plos One. 2018;13(3).
  • 12. Weston S, Coleman CM, Haupt R, Logue J, Matthews K, Li Y, et al. Broad Anti-coronavirus Activity of Food and Drug Administration-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro and SARS-CoV In Vivo. J Virol. 2020;94(21):01218-20.
  • 13. Vatansever EC, Yang KS, Drelich AK, Kratch KC, Cho CC, Kempaiah KR, et al. Bepridil is potent against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(10):2012201118.
  • 14. Duarte RRR, Copertino DC, Jr., Iñiguez LP, Marston JL, Bram Y, Han Y, et al. Identifying FDA-approved drugs with multimodal properties against COVID-19 using a data-driven approach and a lung organoid model of SARS-CoV-2 entry. Mol Med. 2021;27(1):021-00356.
  • 15. Napolitano F, Gambardella G, Carrella D, Gao X, di Bernardo D. Computational drug repositioning and elucidation of mechanism of action of compounds against sars-cov-2. arXiv preprint arXiv:200407697. 2020.
  • 16. Brison E, Jacomy H, Desforges M, Talbot PJ. Novel Treatment with Neuroprotective and Antiviral Properties against a Neuroinvasive Human Respiratory Virus. J Virol. 2013;88(3):1548-63.
  • 17. Singh Tomar PP, Arkin IT. SARS-CoV-2 E protein is a potential ion channel that can be inhibited by Gliclazide and Memantine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020;530(1):10-4.
  • 18. Yuan Z, Pavel MA, Wang H, Hansen SB. Hydroxychloroquine: mechanism of action inhibiting SARS-CoV2 entry: bioRxiv. 2020. Doi: 10.1101/2020.08.13.250217.
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  • 20. Li H-j, Gao D-s, Li Y-t, Wang Y-s, Liu H-y, Zhao J. Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro. Res Vet Sci. 2018;118:288-94.
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  • 22. Qiu M, Li Z, Chen Y, Guo J, Xu W, Qi T, et al. Tolcapone Potently Inhibits Seminal Amyloid Fibrils Formation and Blocks Entry of Ebola Pseudoviruses. Front Microbiol. 2020;11.
  • 23. Kouznetsova J, Sun W, Martínez-Romero C, Tawa G, Shinn P, Chen CZ, et al. Identification of 53 compounds that block Ebola virus-like particle entry via a repurposing screen of approved drugs. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;3(1):1-7.
  • 24. Johansen LM, DeWald LE, Shoemaker CJ, Hoffstrom BG, Lear-Rooney CM, Stossel A, et al. A screen of approved drugs and molecular probes identifies therapeutics with anti–Ebola virus activity. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7(290):290ra89-ra89.
  • 25. Honko AN, Johnson JC, Marchand JS, Huzella L, Adams RD, Oberlander N, et al. High dose sertraline monotherapy fails to protect rhesus macaques from lethal challenge with Ebola virus Makona. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1).
  • 26. Simmonds P, Becher P, Bukh J, Gould EA, Meyers G, Monath T, et al. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Flaviviridae. J Gen Virol. 2017;98(1):2-3.
  • 27. Chamoun-Emanuelli AM, Pecheur E-I, Simeon RL, Huang D, Cremer PS, Chen Z. Phenothiazines Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus Entry, Likely by Increasing the Fluidity of Cholesterol-Rich Membranes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(6):2571-81.
  • 28. Nawa M, Takasaki T, Yamada KI, Kurane I, Akatsuka T. Interference in Japanese encephalitis virus infection of Vero cells by a cationic amphiphilic drug, chlorpromazine. J Gen Virol. 2003;84(Pt 7):1737-41.
  • 29. Chu JJH, Ng ML. Infectious Entry of West Nile Virus Occurs through a Clathrin-Mediated Endocytic Pathway. J Virol. 2004;78(19):10543-55.
  • 30. Young K-C, Bai C-H, Su H-C, Tsai P-J, Pu C-Y, Liao C-S, et al. Fluoxetine a novel anti-hepatitis C virus agent via ROS-, JNK-, and PPARβ/γ-dependent pathways. Antiviral Res. 2014;110:158-67.
  • 31. Medigeshi GR, Kumar R, Dhamija E, Agrawal T, Kar M. N-Desmethylclozapine, Fluoxetine, and Salmeterol Inhibit Postentry Stages of the Dengue Virus Life Cycle. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(11):6709-18.
  • 32. Wichit S, Hamel R, Bernard E, Talignani L, Diop F, Ferraris P, et al. Imipramine Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Replication in Human Skin Fibroblasts through Interference with Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1).
  • 33. Bulakbasi N, Kocaoglu M. Central nervous system infections of herpesvirus family. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2008;18(1):53-84.
  • 34. Naesens L, Bonnafous P, Agut H, De Clercq E. Antiviral activity of diverse classes of broad-acting agents and natural compounds in HHV-6-infected lymphoblasts. J Clin Virol. 2006;37 Suppl 1:S69-75.
  • 35. Ziaie Z, Kefalides NA. Lithium chloride restores host protein synthesis in herpes simplex virus-infected endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989;160(3):1073-8.
  • 36. Skinner GR, Hartley C, Buchan A, Harper L, Gallimore P. The effect of lithium chloride on the replication of herpes simplex virus. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1980;168(2):139-48.
  • 37. Patou G, Crow TJ, Taylor GR. The effects of psychotropic drugs on synthesis of DNA and the infectivity of herpes simplex virus. Biol Psychiatry. 1986;21(12):1221-5.
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  • 39. Amsterdam JD, Maislin G, Rybakowski J. A possible antiviral action of lithium carbonate in herpes simplex virus infections. Biol Psychiatry. 1990;27(4):447-53.
  • 40. Moattari A, Kabiri M, Motamedifar M, Shahrabadi M, Akbari S, Iranpour N. Sodium valproateinduced potentiation of antiherpetic effect of acycolvir. Irn J Med Sci. 2002;27:180–187.
  • 41. Motamedifar M, Moattari A. Effects of sodium valproate on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1: an in vitro study. Irn J Med Sci. 2006;31:28-32.
  • 42. Shimizu Y. Modification of host cell membrane after herpes simplex virus infection. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch. 1971;33(3):338-46.
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  • 45. Akula SM, Naranatt PP, Walia NS, Wang FZ, Fegley B, Chandran B. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) infection of human fibroblast cells occurs through endocytosis. J Virol. 2003;77(14):7978-90.
  • 46. Stanberry LR. Capsaicin interferes with the centrifugal spread of virus in primary and recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections. J Infect Dis. 1990;162(1):29-34. 47.
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Antiviral Activity of Approved Centrally Acting Drugs: A Narrative Review

Year 2022, Volume: 42 Issue: 3, 187 - 198, 01.09.2022

Esraa Elhadi , Leena Abdulaziz , Ejlal A. A. Abdallah Fadlalbaseer Alamin Eltieb Alnoor Alnoor , Bashir A. Yousef

https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1047842

Abstract

The emerging and re-emerging of viral infections represent serious problems with many of them affecting the nervous system; many of these viral infections still lacks an effective vaccine or treatment. To overcome viral infections three major approaches are being followed which are developing effective vaccines, de novo antiviral drug discovery and drugs repurposing to be used for viral infections. . Regarding drug repurposing approach, many drugs from different classes were documented as candidates for repurposing for antiviral use, moreover drugs that showed antiviral activity while being already used for nervous system purposes present promising candidates for repurposing, having an advantage of being able to pass through the blood-brain barrier and easily reaching the nervous system. This narrative review article was written as a part in the effort to overcome viral infections, the review summaries the researches that focused on the antiviral ac- tivity of drugs originally approved for their effect on the nervous system. And in order to help other researchers to relate between the effect of the drugs on mem- bers within thhe same family and the effect on viruses of different families, the findings were arranged in sections based on the classification of viral families to which viruses used in the studies documented belong.

Keywords

Antiviral activity Drug repurposing Central nervous system Approved drugs.

References

  • 1. Mousa HA. Prevention and Treatment of Influenza, Influenza-Like Illness, and Common Cold by Herbal, Complementary, and Natural Therapies. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017;22(1):166-74.
  • 2. Mercorelli B, Palù G, Loregian A. Drug Repurposing for Viral Infectious Diseases: How Far Are We? Trends Microbiol. 2018;26(10):865-76.
  • 3. Mani D, Wadhwani A, Krishnamurthy PT. Drug Repurposing in Antiviral Research: A Current Scenario. J Young Pharm. 2019;11(2):117-21.
  • 4. Pommerville JC. Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology. Ninth ed: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC; 2011.
  • 5. Kaslow RA, Stanberry LR, Le Duc JW. Viral Infections of Humans New York: Springer; 2014.
  • 6. Nobile B, Durand M, Olié E, Guillaume S, Molès JP, Haffen E, et al. Clomipramine Could Be Useful in Preventing Neurological Complications of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020;15(3):347-8.
  • 7. Bourne N, Bernstein DI, Stanberry LR. Civamide (cis-capsaicin) for treatment of primary or recurrent experimental genital herpes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999;43(11):2685-8.
  • 8. Ferraris O, Moroso M, Pernet O, Emonet S, Ferrier Rembert A, Paranhos-Baccalà G, et al. Evaluation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in vitro inhibition by chloroquine and chlorpromazine, two FDA approved molecules. Antiviral Res. 2015;118:75-81.
  • 9. Payne S. Family Coronaviridae. Viruses. 2017:149–58.
  • 10. Dyall J, Coleman CM, Hart BJ, Venkataraman T, Holbrook MR, Kindrachuk J, et al. Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(8):4885-93.
  • 11. Pöhlmann S, Cong Y, Hart BJ, Gross R, Zhou H, Frieman M, et al. MERS-CoV pathogenesis and antiviral efficacy of licensed drugs in human monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells. Plos One. 2018;13(3).
  • 12. Weston S, Coleman CM, Haupt R, Logue J, Matthews K, Li Y, et al. Broad Anti-coronavirus Activity of Food and Drug Administration-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro and SARS-CoV In Vivo. J Virol. 2020;94(21):01218-20.
  • 13. Vatansever EC, Yang KS, Drelich AK, Kratch KC, Cho CC, Kempaiah KR, et al. Bepridil is potent against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(10):2012201118.
  • 14. Duarte RRR, Copertino DC, Jr., Iñiguez LP, Marston JL, Bram Y, Han Y, et al. Identifying FDA-approved drugs with multimodal properties against COVID-19 using a data-driven approach and a lung organoid model of SARS-CoV-2 entry. Mol Med. 2021;27(1):021-00356.
  • 15. Napolitano F, Gambardella G, Carrella D, Gao X, di Bernardo D. Computational drug repositioning and elucidation of mechanism of action of compounds against sars-cov-2. arXiv preprint arXiv:200407697. 2020.
  • 16. Brison E, Jacomy H, Desforges M, Talbot PJ. Novel Treatment with Neuroprotective and Antiviral Properties against a Neuroinvasive Human Respiratory Virus. J Virol. 2013;88(3):1548-63.
  • 17. Singh Tomar PP, Arkin IT. SARS-CoV-2 E protein is a potential ion channel that can be inhibited by Gliclazide and Memantine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020;530(1):10-4.
  • 18. Yuan Z, Pavel MA, Wang H, Hansen SB. Hydroxychloroquine: mechanism of action inhibiting SARS-CoV2 entry: bioRxiv. 2020. Doi: 10.1101/2020.08.13.250217.
  • 19. Harrison SM, Tarpey I, Rothwell L, Kaiser P, Hiscox JA. Lithium chloride inhibits the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. Avian Pathol. 2007;36(2):109-14.
  • 20. Li H-j, Gao D-s, Li Y-t, Wang Y-s, Liu H-y, Zhao J. Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro. Res Vet Sci. 2018;118:288-94.
  • 21. Cornelissen CN, Fisher BD, Harvey RA. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology. third ed: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business; 2013.
  • 22. Qiu M, Li Z, Chen Y, Guo J, Xu W, Qi T, et al. Tolcapone Potently Inhibits Seminal Amyloid Fibrils Formation and Blocks Entry of Ebola Pseudoviruses. Front Microbiol. 2020;11.
  • 23. Kouznetsova J, Sun W, Martínez-Romero C, Tawa G, Shinn P, Chen CZ, et al. Identification of 53 compounds that block Ebola virus-like particle entry via a repurposing screen of approved drugs. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;3(1):1-7.
  • 24. Johansen LM, DeWald LE, Shoemaker CJ, Hoffstrom BG, Lear-Rooney CM, Stossel A, et al. A screen of approved drugs and molecular probes identifies therapeutics with anti–Ebola virus activity. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7(290):290ra89-ra89.
  • 25. Honko AN, Johnson JC, Marchand JS, Huzella L, Adams RD, Oberlander N, et al. High dose sertraline monotherapy fails to protect rhesus macaques from lethal challenge with Ebola virus Makona. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1).
  • 26. Simmonds P, Becher P, Bukh J, Gould EA, Meyers G, Monath T, et al. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Flaviviridae. J Gen Virol. 2017;98(1):2-3.
  • 27. Chamoun-Emanuelli AM, Pecheur E-I, Simeon RL, Huang D, Cremer PS, Chen Z. Phenothiazines Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus Entry, Likely by Increasing the Fluidity of Cholesterol-Rich Membranes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(6):2571-81.
  • 28. Nawa M, Takasaki T, Yamada KI, Kurane I, Akatsuka T. Interference in Japanese encephalitis virus infection of Vero cells by a cationic amphiphilic drug, chlorpromazine. J Gen Virol. 2003;84(Pt 7):1737-41.
  • 29. Chu JJH, Ng ML. Infectious Entry of West Nile Virus Occurs through a Clathrin-Mediated Endocytic Pathway. J Virol. 2004;78(19):10543-55.
  • 30. Young K-C, Bai C-H, Su H-C, Tsai P-J, Pu C-Y, Liao C-S, et al. Fluoxetine a novel anti-hepatitis C virus agent via ROS-, JNK-, and PPARβ/γ-dependent pathways. Antiviral Res. 2014;110:158-67.
  • 31. Medigeshi GR, Kumar R, Dhamija E, Agrawal T, Kar M. N-Desmethylclozapine, Fluoxetine, and Salmeterol Inhibit Postentry Stages of the Dengue Virus Life Cycle. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(11):6709-18.
  • 32. Wichit S, Hamel R, Bernard E, Talignani L, Diop F, Ferraris P, et al. Imipramine Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Replication in Human Skin Fibroblasts through Interference with Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1).
  • 33. Bulakbasi N, Kocaoglu M. Central nervous system infections of herpesvirus family. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2008;18(1):53-84.
  • 34. Naesens L, Bonnafous P, Agut H, De Clercq E. Antiviral activity of diverse classes of broad-acting agents and natural compounds in HHV-6-infected lymphoblasts. J Clin Virol. 2006;37 Suppl 1:S69-75.
  • 35. Ziaie Z, Kefalides NA. Lithium chloride restores host protein synthesis in herpes simplex virus-infected endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989;160(3):1073-8.
  • 36. Skinner GR, Hartley C, Buchan A, Harper L, Gallimore P. The effect of lithium chloride on the replication of herpes simplex virus. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1980;168(2):139-48.
  • 37. Patou G, Crow TJ, Taylor GR. The effects of psychotropic drugs on synthesis of DNA and the infectivity of herpes simplex virus. Biol Psychiatry. 1986;21(12):1221-5.
  • 38. Amsterdam JD, Maislin G, Hooper MB. Suppression of herpes simplex virus infections with oral lithium carbonate--a possible antiviral activity. Pharmacotherapy. 1996;16(6):1070-5.
  • 39. Amsterdam JD, Maislin G, Rybakowski J. A possible antiviral action of lithium carbonate in herpes simplex virus infections. Biol Psychiatry. 1990;27(4):447-53.
  • 40. Moattari A, Kabiri M, Motamedifar M, Shahrabadi M, Akbari S, Iranpour N. Sodium valproateinduced potentiation of antiherpetic effect of acycolvir. Irn J Med Sci. 2002;27:180–187.
  • 41. Motamedifar M, Moattari A. Effects of sodium valproate on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1: an in vitro study. Irn J Med Sci. 2006;31:28-32.
  • 42. Shimizu Y. Modification of host cell membrane after herpes simplex virus infection. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch. 1971;33(3):338-46.
  • 43. Kristiansen JE, Andersen LP, Vestergaard BF, Hvidberg EF. Effect of selected neuroleptic agents and stereo-isomeric analogues on virus and eukaryotic cells. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1991;68(5):399-403.
  • 44. Nemerow GR, Cooper NR. Infection of B lymphocytes by a human herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, is blocked by calmodulin antagonists. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984;81(15):4955-9.
  • 45. Akula SM, Naranatt PP, Walia NS, Wang FZ, Fegley B, Chandran B. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) infection of human fibroblast cells occurs through endocytosis. J Virol. 2003;77(14):7978-90.
  • 46. Stanberry LR. Capsaicin interferes with the centrifugal spread of virus in primary and recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections. J Infect Dis. 1990;162(1):29-34. 47.
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There are 72 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Esraa Elhadi

Leena Abdulaziz

Ejlal A. A. Abdallah This is me

Fadlalbaseer Alamin Eltieb Alnoor Alnoor

Bashir A. Yousef

Publication Date September 1, 2022
Acceptance Date August 12, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 42 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Elhadi E, Abdulaziz L, Abdallah EAA, Alnoor FAEA, Yousef BA. Antiviral Activity of Approved Centrally Acting Drugs: A Narrative Review. HUJPHARM. 2022;42(3):187-98.