Pharmacy Students’ perceptions on distance learning: A case of COVID-19
Year 2024,
Volume: 44 Issue: 3, 220 - 227, 01.09.2024
Leyla Yumrukaya
,
Gizem Nur Altınsoy
,
Selen Yeğenoğlu
Abstract
Online distance learning systems gained importance during school closures all over the world after the COVID-19 outbreak. Pharmacy schools in Türkiye were also affected by these changes and educational activities which shifted to online distance education. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the attitudes of pharmacy students concerning distance education during the pandemic regarding their gender, infrastructural issues, having separate rooms, classes, residency areas and the number of theoretical and applied courses. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey. Thus, a total of 380 pharmacy students participated from pharmacy schools in Türkiye. Perceptions of pharmacy students were compared as per their demographical and educational status. Except gender variable, no significant difference was found among the students. Switching to online distance education formed as a response to the crisis in the pandemic. Although student perceptions from different disciplines have been examined in the existing literature, pharmacy students’ perceptions remained limited. Hence, it is important to understand and point out the students’ perceptions of online distance education in pharmacy schools to be prepared for future emergencies.
Ethical Statement
This study was approved by the Ethical Commission of Hacettepe University (Permit date -no. 14.12.2021-E-35853172-300-00001927469).
References
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and Limitations. IJREE. 2019;4(1):80-8. https://doi.
org/10.29252/ijree.4.1.80
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IJAST. 2020;29(9):3812-4.
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impact on people, economy, and environment. J Public Aff.
2020;20:e2372. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2372
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the Potential Impacts of COVID-19 School Closures on
Schooling and Learning Outcomes: A Set of Global Estimates.
World Bank Research Observer. 2021 [cited September 2023].
Available from: http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/
production_in_progress.pdf
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sonrası dünyada eğitime yönelik değerlendirmeler: Yeni
normal ve yeni eğitim paradigması. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları
ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;6(3):112-42.
- 7. Karadağ E, Çiftçi K, Gök R, Su A, Ergin-Kocatürk H, Çiftçi
S. COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde üniversitelerin uzaktan
eğitim kapasiteleri. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi.
2021;4(1):8-22. https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.874799
- 8. Gençoğlu C, Çiftçi M. Covid-19 salgınında eğitim: Türkiye
üzerinden bir analiz. J Hist Sch. 2020;12(XLVI);1648-73.
https://doi.org/ 10.29228/joh.44212
- 9. Pregowska A, Masztalerz K, Garlińska M, Osial M. A Worldwide
journey through distance education-From the post office
to virtual, augmented and mixed realities, and education
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Educ Sci. 2021;11(3):118.
https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11030118
- 10. Sari T, Nayır F. Challenges in distance education during the
(Covid-19) pandemic period. Qual Res J. 2020;9(3):328-60.
https://doi.org/10.17583/qre.2020.5872
- 11. Khan ZH, Abid MI. Distance learning in engineering education:
Challenges and opportunities during COVID-19 pandemic
crisis in Pakistan. Int J Electr Eng Educ. 2021;0(0):1-20.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0020720920988493
- 12. Baykal D, Koç-Tütüncü S. Online education experiences of
the students studying in health care departments during the
COVID-19 pandemic. TOJDE. 2022;23(1):131-43. https://doi.
org/10.17718/tojde.1050379
- 13. Terzi B, Azizoğlu F, Özhan F. Factors affecting attitudes of
nursing students towards distance education during the COVID-
19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Perspectives
in Psychiatric Care. 2021;57(4):1765-73. https://doi.
org/10.1111/ppc.12747
- 14. Camargo CP, Tempski PZ, Busnardo FF, De Arruda Martins M,
Gemperli R. Online learning and COVID-19: a meta-synthesis
analysis. Clinics. 2020;75:e2286. https://doi.org/10.6061/
clinics/2020/e2286
- 15. Katoue MG, Schwinghammer TL. Competency-based education
in pharmacy: A review of its development, applications,
and challenges. J Eval Clin Pract. 2020;26(4):1114-23. https://
doi.org/10.1111/jep.13362
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Kingdom. Am J Pharm Educ. 2008;72(6):130. https://doi.
org/10.5688/aj7206130
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5 year pharmacy degree education in Turkey. Ankara Ecz. Fak.
Derg. 2022;664-83. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1084463
- 18. Almetwazi M, Alzoman N, Al-Massarani S, Alshamsan
A. COVID-19 impact on pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia:
Challenges and opportunities. SPJ. 2020;28(11):1431-4.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.09.008
- 19. Bouali H, Okereke M, Adebayo Adebisi Y, Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
III D. Impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy education. Sci-
Med J. 2020;2:92-5. https://doi.org/10.28991/SciMedJ-2020-
02-SI-8
- 20. Lyons KM, Christopoulos A, Brock TP. The COVID-19 Pandemic
across the academy sustainable pharmacy education in
the time of COVID-19. Am J Pharm Educ. 2020;84(6):8088.
https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8088
- 21. Çalıkuşu M, Özçeli̇kay G. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
on the psychology of the pharmacy school stakeholders
in Türkiye. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2022;19(6):657-65. https://doi.
org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.68726
- 22. Kışla T. Uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutum ölçeği geliştirme
çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi. 2016;17(1):258-71. https://doi.
org/10.12984/eed.01675
- 23. Roslan NS, Halim AS. Enablers and barriers to online learning
among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic:
An explanatory mixed-method study. Sustainability.
2021;13(11):6086. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116086
- 24. Kotera Y, Spink R, Brooks-Ucheaga M, Green P, Rawson R,
Rhodes C, et al. Teaching healthcare professional students
in online learning during COVID-19: Reflection of university
lecturers. JCD. 2020;3(3). https://doi.org/10.54127/
QLOU9458
- 25. Shawaqfeh MS, Al Bekairy AM, Al-Azayzih A, Alkatheri
AA, Qandil AM, Obaidat AA, et al. Pharmacy students
perceptions of their distance online learning experience
during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey
study. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2020;7:1-9. https://doi.
org/10.1177/2382120520963039
- 26. Cicha K, Rizun M, Rutecka P, Strzelecki A. COVID-19 and
higher education: First-year students’ expectations toward
distance learning. Sustainability. 2021;13(4):1889. https://doi.
org/10.3390/su13041889
- 27. Darren G, Mallery P. IBM SPSS Statistics 26 Step by Step: A
Simple Guide and Reference. Sixteenth Edition. New York:
Routledge; 2020.
- 28. Tavakol M, Dennick R. Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha.
Int J Med Educ. 2011;27(2):53-5. https://doi.org/10.5116/
ijme.4dfb.8dfd
- 29. Shrestha N. Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis.
Am J Appl Math. 2021;9(1):4-11. https://doi.org/10.12691/
ajams-9-1-2
- 30. Uysal A. The relationships among fear of COVID-19, health
consciousness, attitude toward supplements, and purchase
intention using a moderated mediation analysis. Eskişehir
Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi.
2023;18(1):145-61. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1233783
- 31. Özüdoğru G. Problems faced in distance education during
Covid-19 pandemic. Particip Educ Res. 2021;8(4):321-33.
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.92.8.4
- 32. Atan H, Azli NA, Rahman ZA, Idrus RM. Computers in distance
education: gender differences in self-perceived computer
competencies. J Educ Media. 2002;27(3):123-35. https://
doi.org/10.1080/1358165022000081387
- 33. Fi̇dan M. Uzaktan eğitim öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitime yönelik
tutumları ve epistemolojik inançları. HUJE. 2016;31(3):536-
50. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2016016666
- 34. Narlıkaya Z. COVID-19 salgını sürecinde muhasebe ve finans
derslerini alan öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime ilişkin tutumlarının
araştırılması. JSHSR. 2020;7(60):2894-904. https://doi.
org/10.26450/jshsr.2104
- 35. Yılmaz NA. Yükseköğretim kurumlarında Covid-19 pandemisi
sürecinde uygulanan uzaktan eğitim durumu hakkında öğrencilerin
tutumlarının araştırılması: Fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon
bölümü örneği. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık
Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;3(1):15-20.
- 36. Moore MG, Anderson WG. Handbook of distance education.
New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2003.
- 37. Krause K, Coates H. Students’ engagement in first-year university.
Assess Eval High Edu. 2008;33(5):493-505. https://
doi.org/10.1080/02602930701698892
- 38. Kaban A. University students’ attitudes towards distance education.
IJTES. 2021;5(3):311-22. https://doi.org/10.46328/
ijtes.241
Eczacılık Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Eğitime Karşı Tutumları: COVID-19 Örneği
Year 2024,
Volume: 44 Issue: 3, 220 - 227, 01.09.2024
Leyla Yumrukaya
,
Gizem Nur Altınsoy
,
Selen Yeğenoğlu
Abstract
COVID-19 salgınının ardından tüm dünyada okulların kapanması süreci başlamış ve çevrimiçi uzaktan eğitim sistemleri önem kazanmıştır. Türkiye'deki eczacılık fakülteleri de bu değişikliklerden etkilenmiş ve eğitim faaliyetleri çevrimiçi uzaktan eğitim ile yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, eczacılık fakültesi öğrencilerinin pandemi döneminde uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutumlarını cinsiyet, altyapı sorunları, ayrı odaya sahip olma, sınıf, yerleşim bölgesi ile teorik ve uygulamalı ders sayıları açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel bir anket çalışması yürütülmüştür. Türkiye'deki eczacılık fakültelerinden toplam 380 eczacılık öğrencisi katılım sağlamıştır. Eczacılık fakültesi öğrencilerinin algıları demografik ve eğitim durumlarına göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Cinsiyet değişkeni dışında öğrenciler arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Çevrimiçi uzaktan eğitime geçişin, pandemideki krize bir yanıt olarak şekillendiği bilinmektedir. Mevcut literatürde farklı disiplinlerden öğrenci algıları incelenmiş olsa da eczacılık öğrencilerinin algılarının sınırlı kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, gelecekteki acil durumlara hazırlıklı olmak için, eczacılık fakültelerindeki öğrencilerin çevrimiçi uzaktan eğitime ilişkin algılarını anlamak ve ortaya koymak önemli olacaktır.
References
- 1. Moore JL, Dickson-Deane C, Galyen K. E-Learning, online
learning, and distance learning environments: Are
they the same?. Int J High. 2011;14(2):129-35. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.10.001
- 2. Sadeghi M. A Shift from Classroom to Distance Learning: Advantages
and Limitations. IJREE. 2019;4(1):80-8. https://doi.
org/10.29252/ijree.4.1.80
- 3. Tarkar P. Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Education System.
IJAST. 2020;29(9):3812-4.
- 4. Debata B, Patnaik P, Mishra A. COVID-19 pandemic! It’s
impact on people, economy, and environment. J Public Aff.
2020;20:e2372. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2372
- 5. Azevedo J, Hasan A, Goldemberg D, Geven K, Iqbal S. Simulating
the Potential Impacts of COVID-19 School Closures on
Schooling and Learning Outcomes: A Set of Global Estimates.
World Bank Research Observer. 2021 [cited September 2023].
Available from: http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/
production_in_progress.pdf
- 6. Bozkurt A. Koronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemi süreci ve pandemi
sonrası dünyada eğitime yönelik değerlendirmeler: Yeni
normal ve yeni eğitim paradigması. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları
ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;6(3):112-42.
- 7. Karadağ E, Çiftçi K, Gök R, Su A, Ergin-Kocatürk H, Çiftçi
S. COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde üniversitelerin uzaktan
eğitim kapasiteleri. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi.
2021;4(1):8-22. https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.874799
- 8. Gençoğlu C, Çiftçi M. Covid-19 salgınında eğitim: Türkiye
üzerinden bir analiz. J Hist Sch. 2020;12(XLVI);1648-73.
https://doi.org/ 10.29228/joh.44212
- 9. Pregowska A, Masztalerz K, Garlińska M, Osial M. A Worldwide
journey through distance education-From the post office
to virtual, augmented and mixed realities, and education
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Educ Sci. 2021;11(3):118.
https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11030118
- 10. Sari T, Nayır F. Challenges in distance education during the
(Covid-19) pandemic period. Qual Res J. 2020;9(3):328-60.
https://doi.org/10.17583/qre.2020.5872
- 11. Khan ZH, Abid MI. Distance learning in engineering education:
Challenges and opportunities during COVID-19 pandemic
crisis in Pakistan. Int J Electr Eng Educ. 2021;0(0):1-20.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0020720920988493
- 12. Baykal D, Koç-Tütüncü S. Online education experiences of
the students studying in health care departments during the
COVID-19 pandemic. TOJDE. 2022;23(1):131-43. https://doi.
org/10.17718/tojde.1050379
- 13. Terzi B, Azizoğlu F, Özhan F. Factors affecting attitudes of
nursing students towards distance education during the COVID-
19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Perspectives
in Psychiatric Care. 2021;57(4):1765-73. https://doi.
org/10.1111/ppc.12747
- 14. Camargo CP, Tempski PZ, Busnardo FF, De Arruda Martins M,
Gemperli R. Online learning and COVID-19: a meta-synthesis
analysis. Clinics. 2020;75:e2286. https://doi.org/10.6061/
clinics/2020/e2286
- 15. Katoue MG, Schwinghammer TL. Competency-based education
in pharmacy: A review of its development, applications,
and challenges. J Eval Clin Pract. 2020;26(4):1114-23. https://
doi.org/10.1111/jep.13362
- 16. Sosabowski MH, Gard PR. Pharmacy education in the United
Kingdom. Am J Pharm Educ. 2008;72(6):130. https://doi.
org/10.5688/aj7206130
- 17. Yıldız B, Çalıkuşu M, Özçeli̇kay G. Comparison of 4 year and
5 year pharmacy degree education in Turkey. Ankara Ecz. Fak.
Derg. 2022;664-83. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1084463
- 18. Almetwazi M, Alzoman N, Al-Massarani S, Alshamsan
A. COVID-19 impact on pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia:
Challenges and opportunities. SPJ. 2020;28(11):1431-4.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.09.008
- 19. Bouali H, Okereke M, Adebayo Adebisi Y, Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
III D. Impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy education. Sci-
Med J. 2020;2:92-5. https://doi.org/10.28991/SciMedJ-2020-
02-SI-8
- 20. Lyons KM, Christopoulos A, Brock TP. The COVID-19 Pandemic
across the academy sustainable pharmacy education in
the time of COVID-19. Am J Pharm Educ. 2020;84(6):8088.
https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8088
- 21. Çalıkuşu M, Özçeli̇kay G. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
on the psychology of the pharmacy school stakeholders
in Türkiye. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2022;19(6):657-65. https://doi.
org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.68726
- 22. Kışla T. Uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutum ölçeği geliştirme
çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi. 2016;17(1):258-71. https://doi.
org/10.12984/eed.01675
- 23. Roslan NS, Halim AS. Enablers and barriers to online learning
among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic:
An explanatory mixed-method study. Sustainability.
2021;13(11):6086. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116086
- 24. Kotera Y, Spink R, Brooks-Ucheaga M, Green P, Rawson R,
Rhodes C, et al. Teaching healthcare professional students
in online learning during COVID-19: Reflection of university
lecturers. JCD. 2020;3(3). https://doi.org/10.54127/
QLOU9458
- 25. Shawaqfeh MS, Al Bekairy AM, Al-Azayzih A, Alkatheri
AA, Qandil AM, Obaidat AA, et al. Pharmacy students
perceptions of their distance online learning experience
during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey
study. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2020;7:1-9. https://doi.
org/10.1177/2382120520963039
- 26. Cicha K, Rizun M, Rutecka P, Strzelecki A. COVID-19 and
higher education: First-year students’ expectations toward
distance learning. Sustainability. 2021;13(4):1889. https://doi.
org/10.3390/su13041889
- 27. Darren G, Mallery P. IBM SPSS Statistics 26 Step by Step: A
Simple Guide and Reference. Sixteenth Edition. New York:
Routledge; 2020.
- 28. Tavakol M, Dennick R. Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha.
Int J Med Educ. 2011;27(2):53-5. https://doi.org/10.5116/
ijme.4dfb.8dfd
- 29. Shrestha N. Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis.
Am J Appl Math. 2021;9(1):4-11. https://doi.org/10.12691/
ajams-9-1-2
- 30. Uysal A. The relationships among fear of COVID-19, health
consciousness, attitude toward supplements, and purchase
intention using a moderated mediation analysis. Eskişehir
Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi.
2023;18(1):145-61. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1233783
- 31. Özüdoğru G. Problems faced in distance education during
Covid-19 pandemic. Particip Educ Res. 2021;8(4):321-33.
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.92.8.4
- 32. Atan H, Azli NA, Rahman ZA, Idrus RM. Computers in distance
education: gender differences in self-perceived computer
competencies. J Educ Media. 2002;27(3):123-35. https://
doi.org/10.1080/1358165022000081387
- 33. Fi̇dan M. Uzaktan eğitim öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitime yönelik
tutumları ve epistemolojik inançları. HUJE. 2016;31(3):536-
50. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2016016666
- 34. Narlıkaya Z. COVID-19 salgını sürecinde muhasebe ve finans
derslerini alan öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime ilişkin tutumlarının
araştırılması. JSHSR. 2020;7(60):2894-904. https://doi.
org/10.26450/jshsr.2104
- 35. Yılmaz NA. Yükseköğretim kurumlarında Covid-19 pandemisi
sürecinde uygulanan uzaktan eğitim durumu hakkında öğrencilerin
tutumlarının araştırılması: Fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon
bölümü örneği. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık
Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;3(1):15-20.
- 36. Moore MG, Anderson WG. Handbook of distance education.
New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2003.
- 37. Krause K, Coates H. Students’ engagement in first-year university.
Assess Eval High Edu. 2008;33(5):493-505. https://
doi.org/10.1080/02602930701698892
- 38. Kaban A. University students’ attitudes towards distance education.
IJTES. 2021;5(3):311-22. https://doi.org/10.46328/
ijtes.241