Toxic Effects of Ethnobotanically Used Plants in Muğla

Year 2024, Volume: 44 Issue: 4, 390 - 400, 01.12.2024

Dila Çana , Aslı Doğru Koca

https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1564274

Abstract

According to various ethnobotanical studies, the local people in Muğla use 315 plant species for a wide range of purposes, including medicinal, culinary, and other traditional uses. These plants are integral to local customs, often being used as home remedies for ailments, in food preparation, or in various cultural practices. At the same time, it has been seen in different phytochemical studies that these same species recorded in ethnobotanical studies also contain compounds that have a toxic and harmful effects on humans. Compounds found in these plants, though beneficial in certain contexts can have adverse effects depending on how they are prepared, consumed or dosed. Under certain conditions as considering the one’s age, weight, gender, allergies and various diseases, addictions and pregnancy status, these plant species may have toxic effects. The purpose of this review is to underline that, as a result of evaluating both of these researched information together, plants that are used quite commonly and unconsciously can have sudden poisoning effects or long-term harmful impacts on people.

Keywords

Ethnobotany, Poisonous Plants, Traditional medicine, Muğla

Thanks

I am grateful to my advisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aslı DOĞRU KOCA for her continuous support, feedback, suggestions and valuable contributions throughout the research and writing of this article. I would also like to thank my precious family for their support and suggestions.

References

• 1. Kendir G, Güvenç A. Etnobotanik ve Türkiye’de yapılmış etnobotanik çalışmalara genel bir bakış. HUJPHRAM. 2010; 30(1):49-80.
• 2. Koyu Belikci E. Türkiye’nin Etnobotanik Veritabanı. [Doctoral Thesis]. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi, 2020. 362 p.
• 3. Sadıkoğlu N. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk etnobotanik araştırmaları arşivi. [Master’s Thesis] İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi; 1998. 80 p.
• 4. Şarışen Ö, Çalışkan D. Fitoterapi: Bitkilerle tedaviye dikkat. STED. 2005; 14(8):184-187.
• 5. Luo L, Wang B, Jiang J, Fitzgerald M et al. Heavy metal contaminations in all parts medicines: determination, comprehensive risk assessments, and solutions. Front. Pharmacol. 2021; 11:1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.595335
• 6. Behl T, Kumar K, Brisc C, Rus M, Nistor-Cseppento DC, Bustea C et al. Exploring the multifocal role of phytochemicals as immunomodulators. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2021; 113:1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110959
• 7. Tyagi S, Singh G, Sharma A, Aggarwal G. Phytochemicals as candidate therapeutics: an overview. IJPSRR. 2010; 3(1):53-55.
• 8. Saxena M, Saxena J, Nema R, Singh D, Gupta A. Phytochemistry of Medical plants. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2013; 1(6):168-182.
• 9. Huang Y, Bu Q. Adverse effects of phytochemicals. In Zhang L. (eds). Nutritional Toxicology. 2022: 355-384. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0872-9_13
• 10. Davis PH, Cullen J. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1972. 673 p.
• 11. Davis PH, Cullen J. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1982. 964 p.
• 12. Kaya E. Muğla (Merkez) Florası. [Master’s Thesis]. Muğla: Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University; 2004. 142 p.
• 13. Ceylan O, Görk G. Flora of Kavaklıdere Muğla/Türkiye. BioDiCon. 2017; 10(2):167-182.
• 14. Ceylan O. Muğla Üniversitesi Yerleşke Florası. [Master’s Thesis]. Muğla: Muğla Üniversitesi. 2007. 82 p.
• 15. Varol Ö, Doğru A, Kaya E. Flora of Yılanlı Mountain (Muğla). Ekoloji. 2004; 13:23-36.
• 16. Davis PH, Cullen J. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1965. 573 p.
• 17. Özsalmanlı AY. Muğla kenti ve Muğla Büyükşehir Belediyesi Yönetimi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2014; 1(5):136-159. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.188833
• 18. Akman Y. İklim ve Biyoiklim. Ankara: Palme Yayınları; 1990.
• 19. Atalay İ. Türkiye vejetasyon coğrafyası. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi; 1994. 352 p.
• 20. Akan H, Öz A, Pekmez H. Some of the plants species used among the local people in Ortaca (Muğla). TURJAF. 2018; 6(9):1168-1174. doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i9.1168-1174.1981
• 21. Akbulut S, Yılmaz D. Ethnobotanical knowledge on the plants used by people on the Datça Peninsula (Muğla/Turkey). Appl Ecol Env Res. 2022; 20(2):1887-1910. doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2002_18871910
• 22. Ertuğ F. Wild edible plants of the Bodrum area (Muğla, Turkey). Turk J Bot. 2004; 28(1):161-174.
• 23. Gürdal B, Kültür Ş. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Marmaris (Muğla, Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol. 2012; 146(1):113-126. doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.012
• 24. Honda G, Yeşilada E, Tabata M, Sezik E, Fujita T, Takeda Y, Takaishi Y, Tanaka T. Traditional medicine in Turkey. VI. Folk medicine in West Anatolia: Afyon, Kütahya, Denizli, Muğla, Aydın provinces. J Ethnopharmacol. 1996; 53(2):75-87. doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(96)01426-2
• 25. Kıncal S, Ceylan O. Ula (Muğla) ilçesinin etnobotanik özellikleri. BioDiCon. 2021; 14(1):69-81. doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.768665
• 26. Sayar A, Öztürk M, Güvensen A, Özdemir F. Muğla (Turkey) ilindeki bazı türlerin etnobotanik özellikleri. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi. 1995; 2(1):151-160.
• 27. Uysal G. Köyceğiz (Muğla) ilçesinin etnobotaniği. [Master’s Thesis]. Muğla University Institute of Natural Sciences. 2008. 244 p.
• 28. POWO. Plants of the Worlds Online. Kew: Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens. 2024; [2024]. Available from https://powo.science.kew.org/
• 29. Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M et al. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. 2012. 1290 p.
• 30. Başbağ M, Davies W, Cannon N et al. Some wild plants in the Cirencester natural Flora. ANAJAS. 2014; 29(2):126-135 doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2014.29.2.126-135
• 31. Başer KHC. Current knowledge on the wild food and non-food plants of Turkey. Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes. 1997; 23:129-159.
• 32. Baytop T, Baytop A, Mat A, Sun S. Türkiye’de zehirli bitkiler, bitki zehirlenmeleri ve tedavi yöntemleri. İstanbul. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları. 1988. 999 p.
• 33. Baytop T. Türkiye’nin tıbbi ve zehirli bitkileri. İstanbul. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları. 1963. 502 p.
• 34. Bnouham M, Merhfour FZ, Elachoui M, Ziyyat A, Abdelkhaleq L, Mekhfi H, Lamnaouer D. Toxic effects of some medicinal plants used in Morroccan traditional medicine. Morrocan Journal of Biology. 2006; 2(3):21-30.
• 35. Çelik BH, Zencirkıran M. A research on toxicological properties of Bursa City Parks’ design plants. BAROFD. 2021; 23(2):446-464. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.942374
• 36. Diaz JH. Poisoning by herbs and plants: rapid toxidromic classification and diagnosis. Wild Environ Med. 2016; 27(1):136-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2015.11.006
• 37. European Food Safety Authority. Compendium of botanicals reported to contain naturally occurring substances of possible concern for human health when used in food and food supplements. EFSA Journal. 2012; 10(5):26-63. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2663
• 38. Gökkür S, Eldoğan S. Ülkemizde bulunan zararlı bitkiler. Apelasyon. 2018; 53(1).
• 39. Gül V, Topcu E. Salıpazarı (Samsun) ilçesinde yayılış gösteren zehirli bitkiler üzerine bir araştırma. TURKJANS. 2017; 4(2):162-168.
• 40. Khan RU, Mehmood S, Khan SU. Toxic effect of common poisonous plants of district Bannu. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2018; 31(1):57-67.
• 41. Kılıç Ö, Aktaş İ, Bilgiç S. Ön Lisans Toksikoloji Kitabı. 1st Ed. İbrahim Aktaş. Ankara. Institution of Economic Development and Social Researches Publications. 2020. 166 p.
• 42. Kocabaş YZ. Türkoğlu (Kahramanmaraş) ilçe florasında bulunan zehirli bitkiler. TFSD. 2020; 1(1):42-51.
• 43. Muca B, Yıldırım B, Özçelik Ş, Koca A. Isparta’s (Turkey) poisonous plants of public access places. BioDiCon. 2012; 5(1):23-30.
• 44. Mulligan GA, Munro DB. Plantes Toxiques du Canada. Ottawa/Canada. 1990.
• 45. Nelson LW, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants 2nd Edition. Springer Nation. 2007. 340 p.
• 46. Özgen Y. Peyzaj düzenlemelerinde kullanılan insan sağlığına zararlı bitkiler. Review of the Faculty of Forestry, University of İstanbul. 1997; 37(1):90-99. doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.49649
• 47. Öztürk M, Uysal I, Gücel S et al. Ethnoecology of poisonous plants of Turkey and Northern Cyprus. Pak J Bot. 2008; 40(4):1359-1386.
• 48. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Zehirli ve zararlı oldukları için gıda amaçlı kullanımlarıda yasaklanması gereken bitkiler. 2020. 4 p.
• 49. Serrano R. Toxic Plants: Knowledge, Medicinal Uses and Potential Human Health Risks. Environment and Ecology Research. 2008; 6(5):487-492. doi.org/10.13189/eer.2018.060509
• 50. Smith AB. Poisonous Plants of All Countries. 2nd ed. London, Baillière, Tindall & Cox London/Britain. 1923. 112 p. doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.21499
• 51. Sokat Y. Ege Bölgesi yaprağı yenen sebze üretim alanlarındaki zehirli yabancı ot türleri. Journal of Bahri Dagdas Crop Research. 2021; 20(1):91-101.
• 52. Töngel MÖ, Ayan İ. Samsun ili çayır ve meralarında yetişen bazı zararlı bitkiler ve hayvanlar üzerindeki etkileri. J. of Fac. of Agric. OMU. 2004; 20(1):84-93.
• 53. Tuttu G, Abay G. Çankırı ve çevresi zehirli bitkileri. 3rd International Non-wood Forest Products Symposium. Kahramanmaraş. 2014. 931-943.
• 54. Yılmaz H, Akpınar E, Yılmaz H. Peyzaj mimarlığı çalışmalarında kullanılan bazı süs bitkilerinin toksikolojik özellikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi. 2006; 7(1):82-95.
• 55. Tatlısu MA, Çekirdekçi E. İ, Akyüz Ş, Nurkalem Z. A case of Mobitz type II atrioventricular block due to Nerium oleander poisoning successfully managed with digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2015;43(7):648–650. https://doi.org/10.5543/tkda.2015.65848
• 56. Almış H, Karabiber H, Yakıncı C. Plant Related Poisonings in Children: An Evaluation of 23 Cases. Journal of Turgut Ozal Med Cent. 2014; 21(2):126-9.
• 57. Van Tassel, DL, Roberts N, Lewy A, O’Neill SD. Melatonin in plant organs. J Pineal Res. 2001; 31:8-15. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079X.2001.310102.x
• 58. Vukić M, Vukovic N, Obradović A, Galovicáova L, Čmiková N, Kacaniova M, Matic mm. Chemical composition and biological activity of Tanacetum balsamita essential oils obtained from different plant organs. Plants. 2022; 11(24): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243474