SILENCE as a MULTI-PURPOSE SPEECH ACT in TRAUMA DISCOURSE: A CASE STUDY
Öz
This study investigates the pragmatic functions
of silence in two trauma narratives as a case study; one is a direct narration
by the person who experienced the trauma, and the supplementary other is an
excerpt from a conversation by three people talking about someone else’s
trauma. The contextual conversation analytic investigation is based on 376
tokens of silence and broadly draws on Jakobson’s (1971) six Communicative
Functions of Language, and the Relevance Theory with references to the
markedness concept from the pragmatic point of view, focusing on the study of
illocutionary force of silence and the corresponding speech acts at a
communicative level in inter and intra turn pauses. Limited to my data, the
analysis revealed that silence has three main functional categories: cognitive,
affective, and communicative/cooperative. Cognitive functions help remember the
details of the trauma, and re/structuring the ideas before expressing them
verbally. Affective ones are employed in
order to intensify the preceding or succeeding judgment, an evaluative opinion,
or emotional statement in addition to creating narrative expectancy in the
story narrated. Silence is, additionally, functional while achieving
communicative/cooperative purposes such as topic shift, distancing through
indirect speeches, calling for shared information, turn-taking, and improving
the narrativization. The data also showed that there are such linguistic
patterns as following or being followed by discourse markers or filters, and
positional changes depending on the environment as in the cognitive function
and the affective function respectively.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Agyekum, K. (2002). The Communicative Role of Silence in Akan. Pragmatics 12 (1), 31-51.
- Bruneau, T. J. (1973). Communicative silences: forms and functions. The Journal of Communication, 23, 17–46.
- Goffman, E. (1981). Forms of Talk. University of Pennsylvania Press: Philadelphia.
- Halliday, M.A.K. (1994). Introduction to functional grammar (2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold.
- Jakobson, R. (1960). Linguistics and Poetics. In Thomas A. Sebeok (Ed.). Silence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (pp. 350-377). The Hague: Mouton.
- Jakobson, R., & Halle, M. (1971). The Speech Event and the Functions of Language. Fundamentals of language. The Hague: Mouton.
- Jaworski, A. (1993). The Power of Silence: Social and Pragmatic Perspectives. Sage Publications: Newbury Park, CA.
- Jaworski, A. (1997). Silence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. New York: Mouton.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
-
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Erdem Akgün
*
0000-0002-5884-7007
Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi
30 Eylül 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi
25 Haziran 2018
Kabul Tarihi
10 Ekim 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2018 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1