Gelir Düzeyinin İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin Besin Tercihlerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

AMAÇ: Bu çalışma, gelir düzeyi farklılıklarının besin seçimlerine etkisini saptamak amacıyla planlanmış; bu kapsamda ailelerin gelir düzeylerinin, öğrencilerin okul kantinlerinden aldıkları besinlerin çeşitlerine etkisi incelenmiştir.

GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmanın örneklemini Ankara İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı okullardan rastgele seçilen farklı ilköğretim okullarına devam eden, yaşları 13-15 arasında değişen 1429 öğrenci (%47.8 erkek, %52.2 kız) oluşturmuştur. Öğrencilerin vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu ölçümleri alınmış, buna göre Beden Kütle İndeksleri (BKİ) hesaplanmıştır. Öğrencilerle ilgili kişisel bilgiler, demografik özellikler ve besin tercihleri yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile anket formu uygulanarak elde edilmiştir. Bulguların istatistiksel değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 22.0 istatistik paket programı kullanılmıştır.

BULGULAR: Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin ailelerinin %21.1’inin gelir düzeyi 1000 TL’nin altında, %24’ünün 1001-2000 TL arasında, %23.2’sinin 2001-3000 TL arasında, %19.6’sının 3001-5000 TL arasında, %12.1’inin 5001 TL ve üzerinde olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin okul kantinlerinden aldıkları besinler incelendiğinde; ailelerinin gelir düzeyleri arttıkça hamburger, pizza gibi hızlı hazır yemekleri tercih sıklıklarının arttığı görülmüştür (p<0.05). Ailelerin gelir düzeyleri ile öğrencilerin okul kantinlerinden süt (sade, kakaolu, meyveli) alımı arasında ilişki saptanmış; gelir düzeyi arttıkça öğrencilerin süt ürünlerini tercih sıklığının arttığı görülmüştür (p<0.05). Okul kantinlerinde satılan bisküvi, kraker gibi atıştırmalıkların tercih sıklığı, öğrencilerin ailelerinin gelir düzeyleri arttıkça düşmektedir (p<0.05). Öğrencilerin ailelerinin gelir düzeyleri ile kuruyemiş, cips, şeker, tatlı, çikolata, meyve suyu, çay, kahve tercihleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05).

SONUÇ: Gelir düzeyi, öğrencilerin okul kantinlerinden satın aldıkları besinleri etkileyebilmektedir. Öğrenciler, okul kantinlerinden sağlıklı besin seçimleri yapabilmeleri için yeterli ve dengeli beslenme konusunda bilinçlendirilmeli; okul kantinlerinde sağlıklı besinlerin yer alması sağlanmalıdır.

Keywords

• gelir düzeyi, beslenme, besin tercihi

Evaluation of the Effect of Income Level on Food Choices of Elementary School Students

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of income levels on students' food choices.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on randomly selected 1429 students (47.8% boys, 52.2% girls) aged between 13-15 years in different elementary schools under the Provincial National Education Directorate of Ankara. Students' anthropometric measurements such as body weight, height were measured and according to these data, Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Personal information of subjects, demographic status and food choices were obtained by a questionnaire using face to face interview. The results were evaluated statistically by using SPSS 22.0 statistical package program.

RESULTS: Income levels of students' parents below 1000 TL were 21.1% , between 1001-2000 were 24% , between 2001-3000 TL were 23.3% , between 3001-5000 TL were 19.6%, 5001 TL and above were 12.1%. Students' food choices in school canteens were investigated and it was found that fast food choice frequency of students increased as their parents' income levels increase (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between parents' income levels and milk (plain, chocolate, fruit) choices of students (p<0.05). Frequency of snacks choices (such as biscuits and crackers) decreased as income levels of parents' increase. No significant difference was observed between nuts, chips, candy, sweet, chocolate, fruit juice, tea, coffee choices and income levels (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Income level effects food choices of students in school canteens. Students should be informed about adequate and balanced nutrition in order to make healthy food choices and healthy food alternatives should be provided in school canteens

Keywords

• income level, nutrition, food choice

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