Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between the change in the screen exposure time of adults and the change of body weight during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Materials and Methods: In this online study, a total of 693 (258 men, 435 women) participants were reached through social platforms (Facebook, Instagram, etc.). The questionnaire consisted of four parts; these; demographic characteristics, questions about nutrition and lifestyle, screen exposure times and the short form of the international physical activity questionnaire.
Results: 63.6% of men (n=164) and 50.3% of women (n=219) declared that they gained weight during the pandemic. According to BMI, being overweight increased from 23.2% to 23.7% and being obese increased from 7.2% to 7.4% (p<0.001). During the pandemic, 77.5% (n=297) of those who experienced an increase in body weight reported that phone use increased. In the study, significant relationship was found between the change in video game playing time (p=0.001) and computer usage time (p=0.043) and the change in body weight. Daily screen exposure time increased from 4.2±2.3 hours to 5.7±2.9 hours (p<0.001) in obese individuals, and from 4.0±2.2 hours to 6.9±3.3 hours (p<0.001) in underweight individuals.
Conclusion: While the prevalence of obesity is increasing day by day, the developments during the pandemic have accelerated this even more. Increased screen exposure has caused changes in individuals' body weight. It is thought that increasing the activities that people can participate in from their homes, including television screens, may help in the fight against obesity.
Biamonte, E., Pegoraro, F., Carrone, F., Facchi, I., Favacchio, G., Lania, A.G., Mirani, M. (2021). Weight change and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients during COVID-19 pandemic: the lockdown effect. Endocrine, 72(3),604-610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-021-02739-5
Biddle, S. J., Bengoechea García, E., Pedisic, Z., Bennie, J., Vergeer, I., Wiesner, G. (2017). Screen time, other sedentary behaviours, and obesity risk in adults: a review of reviews. Current obesity reports, 6, 134-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-017-0256-9
Bohlouli, J., Moravejolahkami, A.R., Ganjali Dashti, M., Balouch Zehi, Z., Hojjati Kermani MA, Borzoo-Isfahani M, Bahreini-Esfahani N. (2021). COVID-19 and fast foods con-sumption: a review. International Journal of Food Properties, 24(1),203-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1873364
Cava, E., Neri, B., Carbonelli, M.G., Riso, S., Carbone, S. (2021). Obesity pandemic during COVID-19 outbreak: Narrative review and future considerations. Clinical Nutrition, 40(4),1637-1643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.038
Caroppo, E., Mazza, M., Sannella, A., Marano, G., Avallone, C., Claro, A. E., Sani, G. (2021). Will nothing be the same again?: changes in lifestyle during COVID-19 pandemic and consequences on mental health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168433
Chen, L., Li, J., Xia, T., Matthews, T. A., Tseng, T. S., Shi, L., Su, D. (2021). Changes of exercise, screen time, fast food consumption, alcohol, and cigarette smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic among adults in the United States. Nutrients, 13(10), 3359. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103359
Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., Sallis, J. F., Oja, P. (2003) International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35, 1381-1395. https://doi.org/10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284
Guignard, R., Andler, R., Quatremère, G., Pasquereau, A., du Roscoät, E., Arwidson, P., Nguyen-Thanh, V. (2021). Changes in smoking and alcohol consumption during COVID-19-related lockdown: a cross-sectional study in France. European journal of public health, 31(5), 1076-1083. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab054
Hales, C. M., Carroll, M. D., Fryar, C. D., & Ogden, C. L. (2020). Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017–2018. NCHS Data Brief, no 360. National Center for Health Statistics, 360, 1-7.
Hammoudi, S.F., Mreydem, H.W., Abou Ali, B.T., Saleh, N.O., Chung, S., Hallit, S., Salameh, P. (2021). Smartphone screen time among university students in Lebanon and its associa-tion with insomnia, bedtime procrastination, and body mass index during, the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Investigation, 18(9), 871. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0120
He, M., Xian, Y., Lv, X., He, J., Ren, Y. (2021). Changes in body weight, physical activity, and lifestyle during the semi-lockdown period after the outbreak of COVID-19 in China: an online survey. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 15(2), 23-28. http://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.237
İletişim Başkanlığı, Koronavirüs bilim kurulu toplantısı gerçekleştirildi. 12/03/2020. Available: https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/yerel_basin/detay/koronavirus-bilim-kurulu-toplantisi-gerceklestirildi. Erişim tarihi: 31.03.2023.
Kamaleddine, A., Antar, H., Abou, Ali, B., Hammoudi, S.F., Lee, J., Lee, T., Salameh, P. (2022). Effect of screen time on physical and mental health and eating habits during COVID-19 lockdown in Lebanon. Psychiatry Investigation, 19(3), 220. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0239
Network, S. (2012). Letter to the Editor: standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “seden-tary behaviours”. Appl Physiol Nutr Me, 37, 540-542.
Oflu, A., Bükülmez, A., Elmas, E., Tahta, E.G., Çeleğen, M. (2021). Comparison of screen time and digital gaming habits of Turkish children before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 56(1), 22. http://doi.org/10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2020.41017
Oswald, T., Rumbold, A., Kedzior, S. ve Moore, V. (2020). Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: a systematic scoping review. PLoS One 15, 0237725. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237725
Ramos, A., Joaquin, C., Ros, M., Martin, M., Cachero, M., Sospedra, M., Puig-Domingo, M. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 on nutritional status during the first wave of the pandemic. Clinical Nutrition, 41(12), 3032-3037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.001
Sağlam, M., Arıkan, H., Savci, S., Inal-Ince, D., Bosnak-Guclu, M., Karabulut, E., Tokgozoglu, L. (2010). International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 111(1), 278-284. https://doi.org/10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284
Schienkiewitz, A., Damerow, S., Richter, A., Mensink, G. B. (2022). How has body weight changed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic?. Journal of Health Monitoring, 7(4), 54. https://doi.org/10.25646/10670
Sidor, A., Rzymski, P. (2020) Dietary choices and habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: experience from Poland. Nutrients, 12,1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061657
Tan, S., Tan, S. & Tan, C. (2022). Screen time-based sedentary behaviour, eating regulation and weight status of university students during the COVID-19 lockdown. Nutrition & Food Science, 52(2), 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-05-2021-0156
Trott, M., Driscoll, R., Irlado, E., Pardhan, S. (2022). Changes and correlates of screen time in adults and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinical Medicine, 48,101452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101452
Unubol, M., Erdemir, Z., Colak, G., Guney, E., Omurlu, I.K. (2021). Obesity pandemic trigge-red by the period of COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from Turkey. Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 131(7-8), 766-768. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.16037
WHO. A healthy lifestyle - WHO recommendations. 6/5/2010. Available: https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/a-healthy-lifestyle---who-recommendations. Erişim tarihi: 28.3.2023.
COVID-19 Pandemisinde Ekran Maruziyetinin Yetişkin Bireylerin Vücut Ağırlığı Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Amaç: Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de yaşayan yetişkin bireylerin Coronavirüs hastalığı (Coronavirus Disease 2019/ COVID-19) pandemisi süresince ekran maruziyet sürelerindeki değişim ile vücut ağırlığı değişiminin ilişkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çevrimiçi çalışmada sosyal medya platformları aracılığı (Facebook, Instagram vb…) ile toplam 693 (258 erkek, 435 kadın) katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Dört bölümden oluşan çevrimiçi anketin ilk bölümünde, demografik özellikler; ikinci bölümünde beslenme ve yaşam tarzına dair sorular; üçüncü bölümünde ekran maruziyet süreleri ve son bölümde uluslararası fiziksel aktivite anketi kısa formu yer almıştır.
Bulgular: Erkeklerin %63.6’sı (n=164) ve kadınların %50.3’ü (n=219) pandemi süresince ağırlık kazandığını beyan etmiştir. Pandemi sırasında beden kütle indeksine göre hafif şişman olma durumu %23.2’den %23.7’ye ve obez olma durumu %7.2’den %7.4’e çıkmıştır (p<0.001). Pandemi süresince vücut ağırlığında artış yaşayanların %77.5’si (n=297) telefon kullanımının arttığını bildirmiştir. Çalışmada video oyun oynama süresindeki (p=0.001) ve bilgisayar kullanım süresindeki (p=0.043) değişim ile vücut ağırlığındaki değişim arasında anlamlı ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Obeziteli bireylerde günlük ekran maruziyet süresi 4.2±2.3 saatten 5.7±2.9 saate (p<0.001), zayıf bireylerde ise 4.0±2.2 saatten, 6.9±3.3 saate yükselmiştir (p<0.001).
Sonuç: Günümüzde obezite sıklığı giderek artarken, pandemi sürecinde yaşanan gelişmeler bunu daha da hızlandırmıştır. Ekran maruziyetindeki artış bireylerin vücut ağırlığında değişimlere sebep olmuştur. Obezite ile mücadelede televizyon ekranlarının da kullanıldığı, insanların evlerinden katılım sağlayabildiği aktiviteleri arttırmanın yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Biamonte, E., Pegoraro, F., Carrone, F., Facchi, I., Favacchio, G., Lania, A.G., Mirani, M. (2021). Weight change and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients during COVID-19 pandemic: the lockdown effect. Endocrine, 72(3),604-610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-021-02739-5
Biddle, S. J., Bengoechea García, E., Pedisic, Z., Bennie, J., Vergeer, I., Wiesner, G. (2017). Screen time, other sedentary behaviours, and obesity risk in adults: a review of reviews. Current obesity reports, 6, 134-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-017-0256-9
Bohlouli, J., Moravejolahkami, A.R., Ganjali Dashti, M., Balouch Zehi, Z., Hojjati Kermani MA, Borzoo-Isfahani M, Bahreini-Esfahani N. (2021). COVID-19 and fast foods con-sumption: a review. International Journal of Food Properties, 24(1),203-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1873364
Cava, E., Neri, B., Carbonelli, M.G., Riso, S., Carbone, S. (2021). Obesity pandemic during COVID-19 outbreak: Narrative review and future considerations. Clinical Nutrition, 40(4),1637-1643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.038
Caroppo, E., Mazza, M., Sannella, A., Marano, G., Avallone, C., Claro, A. E., Sani, G. (2021). Will nothing be the same again?: changes in lifestyle during COVID-19 pandemic and consequences on mental health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168433
Chen, L., Li, J., Xia, T., Matthews, T. A., Tseng, T. S., Shi, L., Su, D. (2021). Changes of exercise, screen time, fast food consumption, alcohol, and cigarette smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic among adults in the United States. Nutrients, 13(10), 3359. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103359
Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., Sallis, J. F., Oja, P. (2003) International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35, 1381-1395. https://doi.org/10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284
Guignard, R., Andler, R., Quatremère, G., Pasquereau, A., du Roscoät, E., Arwidson, P., Nguyen-Thanh, V. (2021). Changes in smoking and alcohol consumption during COVID-19-related lockdown: a cross-sectional study in France. European journal of public health, 31(5), 1076-1083. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab054
Hales, C. M., Carroll, M. D., Fryar, C. D., & Ogden, C. L. (2020). Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017–2018. NCHS Data Brief, no 360. National Center for Health Statistics, 360, 1-7.
Hammoudi, S.F., Mreydem, H.W., Abou Ali, B.T., Saleh, N.O., Chung, S., Hallit, S., Salameh, P. (2021). Smartphone screen time among university students in Lebanon and its associa-tion with insomnia, bedtime procrastination, and body mass index during, the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Investigation, 18(9), 871. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0120
He, M., Xian, Y., Lv, X., He, J., Ren, Y. (2021). Changes in body weight, physical activity, and lifestyle during the semi-lockdown period after the outbreak of COVID-19 in China: an online survey. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 15(2), 23-28. http://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.237
İletişim Başkanlığı, Koronavirüs bilim kurulu toplantısı gerçekleştirildi. 12/03/2020. Available: https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/yerel_basin/detay/koronavirus-bilim-kurulu-toplantisi-gerceklestirildi. Erişim tarihi: 31.03.2023.
Kamaleddine, A., Antar, H., Abou, Ali, B., Hammoudi, S.F., Lee, J., Lee, T., Salameh, P. (2022). Effect of screen time on physical and mental health and eating habits during COVID-19 lockdown in Lebanon. Psychiatry Investigation, 19(3), 220. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0239
Network, S. (2012). Letter to the Editor: standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “seden-tary behaviours”. Appl Physiol Nutr Me, 37, 540-542.
Oflu, A., Bükülmez, A., Elmas, E., Tahta, E.G., Çeleğen, M. (2021). Comparison of screen time and digital gaming habits of Turkish children before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 56(1), 22. http://doi.org/10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2020.41017
Oswald, T., Rumbold, A., Kedzior, S. ve Moore, V. (2020). Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: a systematic scoping review. PLoS One 15, 0237725. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237725
Ramos, A., Joaquin, C., Ros, M., Martin, M., Cachero, M., Sospedra, M., Puig-Domingo, M. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 on nutritional status during the first wave of the pandemic. Clinical Nutrition, 41(12), 3032-3037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.001
Sağlam, M., Arıkan, H., Savci, S., Inal-Ince, D., Bosnak-Guclu, M., Karabulut, E., Tokgozoglu, L. (2010). International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 111(1), 278-284. https://doi.org/10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284
Schienkiewitz, A., Damerow, S., Richter, A., Mensink, G. B. (2022). How has body weight changed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic?. Journal of Health Monitoring, 7(4), 54. https://doi.org/10.25646/10670
Sidor, A., Rzymski, P. (2020) Dietary choices and habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: experience from Poland. Nutrients, 12,1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061657
Tan, S., Tan, S. & Tan, C. (2022). Screen time-based sedentary behaviour, eating regulation and weight status of university students during the COVID-19 lockdown. Nutrition & Food Science, 52(2), 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-05-2021-0156
Trott, M., Driscoll, R., Irlado, E., Pardhan, S. (2022). Changes and correlates of screen time in adults and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinical Medicine, 48,101452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101452
Unubol, M., Erdemir, Z., Colak, G., Guney, E., Omurlu, I.K. (2021). Obesity pandemic trigge-red by the period of COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from Turkey. Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 131(7-8), 766-768. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.16037
WHO. A healthy lifestyle - WHO recommendations. 6/5/2010. Available: https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/a-healthy-lifestyle---who-recommendations. Erişim tarihi: 28.3.2023.
Doğan, G., & Yabancı Ayhan, N. (2024). COVID-19 Pandemisinde Ekran Maruziyetinin Yetişkin Bireylerin Vücut Ağırlığı Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 11(2), 325-338. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1333302