Research Article
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After the 2023 Türkiye Earthquake: How Living Conditions Affected Food Intake and Food Choices

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 688 - 704, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1642035

Abstract

Objectives: The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, significantly impact survivors' living conditions and dietary habits. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of earthquake survivors based on their living in temporary shelters (LTS) or living in home conditions (LHC), evaluate stress levels, and food choices.
Materials and Methods: A total of 339 earthquake survivors from Hatay participated. Sociodemographic characteristics, earthquake-related experiences, and dietary habits were assessed through questionnaires. A 24-hour dietary recall, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumference), the Post-Traumatic Stress Scale, and the Food Choice Questionnaire were administered by the researchers. Self-reported changes in food consumption across food groups were also analyzed.
Results: The participants had a mean age of 34.1±13.3 years, and 63.4% were female. The average daily energy intake of earthquake survivors living in LTS and LHC was found to be 641,8±389,77 kcal and 726,4±339,75 kcal, respectively. Regardless of residence, the proportion of individuals meeting daily nutrient requirements according to TÜBER 2022 was below 50%. Only vitamin A intake was found to be adequate (LHC; 84,0% and LTS; 67.9%). Individuals living in LTSs consumed significantly lower amounts of all nutrients except fiber. In the post-earthquake period, the greatest decrease in consumption compared to pre-earthquake levels was reported for fruits and vegetables. Stress levels were significantly higher among those living in LTSs (p=0.002). "Sensory appeal" and "health" were stated as the primary factors influencing food choices. However, "price" was identified as a more influential factor among LTS residents compared to those in LHC (2.6±0.97 vs. 2.3±0.81, respectively).
Conclusion: The study highlights the need to consider not only physiological requirements but also subjective food quality when developing nutrition policies for emergency and disaster situations. Changes in living environments exacerbated stress and disrupt dietary intake.

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences (Decision No: 16327, Decision Date: 07.10.2023).

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK 2209-A - Research Project Support Programme for Undergraduate Students

Project Number

1919B012332843

Thanks

We thank all the participants of this study for their time and effort in this study

References

  • Afet ve Acil Durum Müdürlüğü (AFAD). (2023). 06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Pazarcık ve Elbistan) Depremleri Saha Çalışmaları Ön Değerlendirme Raporu. Ankara. [Online]. Erişim: deprem. afad. gov. tr/assets/pdf/Arazi_Onrapor_28022023_surum1_revize. pdf.
  • Amagai, T., Ichimaru, S., Tai, M., Ejiri, Y. And Muto, A. (2014). Nutrition in the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 29(5): 585-594.
  • Cunha, L. M., Cabral, D., Moura, A. P., & de Almeida, M. D. V. (2018). Application of the Food Choice Questionnaire across cultures: Systematic review of cross-cultural and single country studies. Food Quality and Preference, 64, 21-36.
  • Çakır, M. A., Mercan, Y., İçyer, N. C., & Bozkurt, F. (2024). Post disaster food safety and food security: An example of the Türkiye earthquake. Food Security, 17(1).
  • Dabravolskaj, J., Marozoff, S., Maximova, K., Campbell, S., & Veugelers, P. J. (2022). Relationship Between Fruit and Vegetables Intake and Common Mental Disorders in Youth: A Systematic Review. Public Health Reviews, 43, 1604686.
  • Dikmen, D., İnan-Eroğlu, E., Göktaş, Z., Barut-Uyar, B., & Karabulut, E. (2016). Validation of a Turkish version of the food choice questionnaire. Food Quality and Preference, 52, 81-86.
  • Firth, J., Gangwisch, J. E., Borsini, A., Wootton, R. E., & Mayer, E. A. (2020). Food and mood: how do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? BMJ, 369.
  • Flórez, K. R., Dubowitz, T., Ghosh-Dastidar, M. B., Beckman, R., & Collins, R. L. (2015). Associations between depressive symptomatology, diet, and body mass index among participants in the supplemental nutrition assistance program. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115(7), 1102-1108.
  • Gangwisch, J. E., Hale, L., Garcia, L., Malaspina, D., Opler, M. G., Payne, M. E., Lane, D. (2015). High glycemic index diet as a risk factor for depression: analyses from the Women’s Health Initiative. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 102(2), 454-463.
  • Hall, K. S., Hoerster, K. D., & Yancy Jr, W. S. (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder, physical activity, and eating behaviors. Epidemiologic Reviews, 37(1), 103-115.
  • Hikichi, H., Aida, J., Kondo, K., Tsuboya, T., & Kawachi, I. (2019). Residential relocation and obesity after a natural disaster: A natural experiment from the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 374.
  • İlhan, B., Berikol, G. B., Eroğlu, O., & Deniz, T. (2023). Prevalence and associated risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of the 2023 Turkey earthquake. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 72, 39-43.
  • Kocabaşoğlu, N., Çorapçıoğlu Özdemir, A., Yargıç, İ., & Geyran, P. T. (2005). PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) Ölçeğinin Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliği. Yeni Symposium, 43(3), 126-134.
  • Nishi, N., Yoshimura, E., Ishikawa-Takata, K., Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N., Kubota, T., Miyachi, M., Kobayashi, S. (2013). Relationship of living conditions with dietary patterns among survivors of the great East Japan earthquake. Journal of Epidemiology, 23(5), 376-381.
  • Nozue, M., Nishi, N., Tsubota-Utsugi, M., Miyoshi, M., Yonekura, Y., Sakata, K., Ogawa, A. (2017). Combined associations of physical activity and dietary intake with health status among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 26(3), 556-560.
  • Obenaus, A., Ng, M., Orantes, A. M., Kinney-Lang, E., Rashid, F., Hamer, M., Pearce, W. J. (2017). Traumatic brain injury results in acute rarefication of the vascular network. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 239.
  • Özenoğlu, A. (2018). Duygu durumu, besin ve beslenme ilişkisi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, (4), 357-365.
  • Pekcan, G. (2011). Beslenme durumunun saptanması. A. Baysal, M. Aksoy, H. T. Besler, N. Bozkurt, S. Keçecioğlu, S. M. Mercanlıgil, T. K. Merdol, G. Pekcan, ve E. Yıldız (Ed.), Diyet El Kitabı içinde (6. baskı, ss. 67-142). Ankara Hatiboğlu Yayınevi.
  • Rakıcıoğlu, N., Tek, N., Ayaz, A., & Pekcan, A. G., (2010). Yemek ve Besin Fotoğraf Kataloğu Ölçü ve Miktarlar. Ankara: Ata Ofset Matbaacılık
  • Steptoe, A., Pollard, T. M., & Wardle, J. (1995). Development of a measure of the motives underlying the selection of food: the food choice questionnaire. Appetite, 25(3), 267-284.
  • Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER) (2022) Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın no: 1031, Ankara 2022.
  • Uemura, M., Ohira, T., Yasumura, S., Otsuru, A., Maeda, M., Harigane, M., Takahashi, H. (2016). Association between psychological distress and dietary intake among evacuees after the Great East Japan Earthquake in a cross-sectional study: the Fukushima Health Management Survey. BMJ Open, 6(7), e011534.
  • van den Berk-Clark, C., Secrest, S., Walls, J., Hallberg, E., Lustman, P. J., Schneider, F. D., & Scherrer, J. F. (2018). Association between posttraumatic stress disorder and lack of exercise, poor diet, obesity, and co-occuring smoking: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 37(5), 407.
  • Weathers, F., Blake, D., Schnurr, P., Kaloupek, D., Marx, B., & Keane, T. (2013). The Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5) Standard. [Measurement instrument]. Available from https://www.ptsd.va.gov/
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2000). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000. Rapor No: 894.

2023 Türkiye Depremi Sonrası: Yaşam Koşulları Besin Alımını ve Seçimini Nasıl Etkiledi?

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 688 - 704, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1642035

Abstract

Amaç: Deprem gibi doğal afetlerin artan sıklığı ve şiddeti, hayatta kalanların yaşam koşullarını ve beslenme alışkanlıklarını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, depremzedelerin geçici barınma alanlarında (GBA) veya ev koşullarında (EK) yaşamalarına göre beslenme durumlarını değerlendirmeyi, stres seviyelerini ve besin seçimlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Hatay'dan toplam 339 depremzede katılmıştır. Sosyodemografik özellikler, depremle ilgili deneyimler ve beslenme alışkanlıkları değerlendirilmiştir. 24 saatlik geriye dönük besin tüketim kaydı, antropometrik ölçümler (vücut ağırlığı, boy, bel ve kalça çevresi), Travma Sonrası Stres Ölçeği ve Besin Seçim Anketi araştırmacılar tarafından uygulanmıştır. Besin gruplarına göre bireylerin kendi bildirdiği tüketim değişiklikleri değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 34,1±13,3 yıl olan katılımcıların %63,4’ü kadındır. Depremzedelerin GBA ve EK’da yaşamalarına göre enerji alımlarının sırasıyla ortalama 641,8±389,77 kkal ve 726,4±339,75 kkal olduğu bulunmuştur. Bireylerin yaşadıkları yerden bağımsız TÜBER 2022’ye göre günlük besin ögesi gereksinimlerini karşılama oranlarının %50’nin altında olduğu görülmüştür. Sadece A vitamini alımlarının yeterli oranlarda (EK; %84,0 ve GBA; %67,9) olduğu bulunmuştur. GBA’da yaşayan bireyler, posa hariç tüm besin öğelerinden daha az tüketmiştir. Deprem sonrası dönemde, deprem öncesine kıyasla tüketiminde en fazla azalmanın sebze ve meyveler olduğu bildirilmiştir. Stres düzeyleri, GBA’da yaşayanlarda anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,002). Besin seçimlerinde "duyusal çekicilik" ve "sağlık" öncelikli faktörler olarak belirtmişlerdir. Ancak "fiyat" GBA grubundakiler için EK grubuna kıyasla daha etkili bir faktör olarak belirlenmiştir (sırasıyla;2,6±0,97 ve 2,3±0,81).
Sonuç: Çalışma, acil durum ve afetler için beslenme politikaları geliştirilirken yalnızca fizyolojik gereksinimlerin değil, aynı zamanda bireylerin öznel besin kalitesine yönelik algılarının da dikkate alınması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Yaşam koşullarındaki değişiklikler, stresi artırarak besin alımını olumsuz etkilemektedir.

Project Number

1919B012332843

References

  • Afet ve Acil Durum Müdürlüğü (AFAD). (2023). 06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Pazarcık ve Elbistan) Depremleri Saha Çalışmaları Ön Değerlendirme Raporu. Ankara. [Online]. Erişim: deprem. afad. gov. tr/assets/pdf/Arazi_Onrapor_28022023_surum1_revize. pdf.
  • Amagai, T., Ichimaru, S., Tai, M., Ejiri, Y. And Muto, A. (2014). Nutrition in the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 29(5): 585-594.
  • Cunha, L. M., Cabral, D., Moura, A. P., & de Almeida, M. D. V. (2018). Application of the Food Choice Questionnaire across cultures: Systematic review of cross-cultural and single country studies. Food Quality and Preference, 64, 21-36.
  • Çakır, M. A., Mercan, Y., İçyer, N. C., & Bozkurt, F. (2024). Post disaster food safety and food security: An example of the Türkiye earthquake. Food Security, 17(1).
  • Dabravolskaj, J., Marozoff, S., Maximova, K., Campbell, S., & Veugelers, P. J. (2022). Relationship Between Fruit and Vegetables Intake and Common Mental Disorders in Youth: A Systematic Review. Public Health Reviews, 43, 1604686.
  • Dikmen, D., İnan-Eroğlu, E., Göktaş, Z., Barut-Uyar, B., & Karabulut, E. (2016). Validation of a Turkish version of the food choice questionnaire. Food Quality and Preference, 52, 81-86.
  • Firth, J., Gangwisch, J. E., Borsini, A., Wootton, R. E., & Mayer, E. A. (2020). Food and mood: how do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? BMJ, 369.
  • Flórez, K. R., Dubowitz, T., Ghosh-Dastidar, M. B., Beckman, R., & Collins, R. L. (2015). Associations between depressive symptomatology, diet, and body mass index among participants in the supplemental nutrition assistance program. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115(7), 1102-1108.
  • Gangwisch, J. E., Hale, L., Garcia, L., Malaspina, D., Opler, M. G., Payne, M. E., Lane, D. (2015). High glycemic index diet as a risk factor for depression: analyses from the Women’s Health Initiative. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 102(2), 454-463.
  • Hall, K. S., Hoerster, K. D., & Yancy Jr, W. S. (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder, physical activity, and eating behaviors. Epidemiologic Reviews, 37(1), 103-115.
  • Hikichi, H., Aida, J., Kondo, K., Tsuboya, T., & Kawachi, I. (2019). Residential relocation and obesity after a natural disaster: A natural experiment from the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 374.
  • İlhan, B., Berikol, G. B., Eroğlu, O., & Deniz, T. (2023). Prevalence and associated risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of the 2023 Turkey earthquake. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 72, 39-43.
  • Kocabaşoğlu, N., Çorapçıoğlu Özdemir, A., Yargıç, İ., & Geyran, P. T. (2005). PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) Ölçeğinin Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliği. Yeni Symposium, 43(3), 126-134.
  • Nishi, N., Yoshimura, E., Ishikawa-Takata, K., Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N., Kubota, T., Miyachi, M., Kobayashi, S. (2013). Relationship of living conditions with dietary patterns among survivors of the great East Japan earthquake. Journal of Epidemiology, 23(5), 376-381.
  • Nozue, M., Nishi, N., Tsubota-Utsugi, M., Miyoshi, M., Yonekura, Y., Sakata, K., Ogawa, A. (2017). Combined associations of physical activity and dietary intake with health status among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 26(3), 556-560.
  • Obenaus, A., Ng, M., Orantes, A. M., Kinney-Lang, E., Rashid, F., Hamer, M., Pearce, W. J. (2017). Traumatic brain injury results in acute rarefication of the vascular network. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 239.
  • Özenoğlu, A. (2018). Duygu durumu, besin ve beslenme ilişkisi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, (4), 357-365.
  • Pekcan, G. (2011). Beslenme durumunun saptanması. A. Baysal, M. Aksoy, H. T. Besler, N. Bozkurt, S. Keçecioğlu, S. M. Mercanlıgil, T. K. Merdol, G. Pekcan, ve E. Yıldız (Ed.), Diyet El Kitabı içinde (6. baskı, ss. 67-142). Ankara Hatiboğlu Yayınevi.
  • Rakıcıoğlu, N., Tek, N., Ayaz, A., & Pekcan, A. G., (2010). Yemek ve Besin Fotoğraf Kataloğu Ölçü ve Miktarlar. Ankara: Ata Ofset Matbaacılık
  • Steptoe, A., Pollard, T. M., & Wardle, J. (1995). Development of a measure of the motives underlying the selection of food: the food choice questionnaire. Appetite, 25(3), 267-284.
  • Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER) (2022) Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın no: 1031, Ankara 2022.
  • Uemura, M., Ohira, T., Yasumura, S., Otsuru, A., Maeda, M., Harigane, M., Takahashi, H. (2016). Association between psychological distress and dietary intake among evacuees after the Great East Japan Earthquake in a cross-sectional study: the Fukushima Health Management Survey. BMJ Open, 6(7), e011534.
  • van den Berk-Clark, C., Secrest, S., Walls, J., Hallberg, E., Lustman, P. J., Schneider, F. D., & Scherrer, J. F. (2018). Association between posttraumatic stress disorder and lack of exercise, poor diet, obesity, and co-occuring smoking: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 37(5), 407.
  • Weathers, F., Blake, D., Schnurr, P., Kaloupek, D., Marx, B., & Keane, T. (2013). The Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5) Standard. [Measurement instrument]. Available from https://www.ptsd.va.gov/
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2000). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000. Rapor No: 894.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Public Health Nutrition
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Berna Madalı 0000-0002-3917-5874

Zeynep Acar 0009-0002-2533-4026

Project Number 1919B012332843
Submission Date February 18, 2025
Acceptance Date July 30, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Madalı, B., & Acar, Z. (2025). After the 2023 Türkiye Earthquake: How Living Conditions Affected Food Intake and Food Choices. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 12(3), 688-704. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1642035