Research Article
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Effectiveness of Hand Orthotic Fabrication Training on Self-Efficacy and Lifelong Learning in Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Students

Year 2026, Volume: 13 Issue: 1 , 171 - 184 , 30.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1679787
https://izlik.org/JA37TL89WJ

Abstract

Objectives: Orthotic fabrication is crucial to hand rehabilitation, yet therapists often lack theoretical and practical knowledge. This study examined the impact of hands-on hand orthotic fabrication training on self-efficacy and lifelong learning in physical therapy and occupational therapy students.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-four students were randomly assigned to either a control or training group. Both groups followed a hand rehabilitation course, while the training group received an additional six-weeks hand orthotic fabrication training. Self-efficacy and lifelong learning were assessed using the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale and Lifelong Learning Trends Scale before and after training.
Results: Self-efficacy significantly increased only in the training group (p<0.001). Lifelong learning scores improved in both groups (p=0.008 and p<0.001, respectively). Self-efficacy was significantly higher in the training group than in controls (p=0.027, effect size=0.584).
Conclusion: Hands-on hand orthotic fabrication training enhances self-efficacy but is not superior to theoretical methods in fostering lifelong learning skills.

Supporting Institution

This study was conducted within the TUBITAK-2209-A-Research Project Support Programme for Undergraduate Students.

Thanks

We thank all the students for their valuable effort who participated in this study.

References

  • Aypay, A. (2010). Genel Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği'nin (GÖYÖ) Türkçe'ye uyarlama çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 113–131.
  • Babenko, O., Koppula, S., Daniels, L., Nadon, L., & Daniels, V. (2017). Lifelong learning along the education and career continuum: Meta-analysis of studies in health professions. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 5(4), 157–163.
  • Babenko, O., Daniels, L. M., Ross, S., White, J., & Oswald, A. (2019). Medical student well-being and lifelong learning: a motivational perspective. Education for Health, 32(1), 25-32.
  • Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In Encyclopedia of human behaviour (pp. 71–81). Academic Press.
  • Bernales-Turpo, D., Quispe-Velasquez, R., Flores-Ticona, D., Saintila, J., Ruiz Mamani, P. G., Huancahuire-Vega, S., ... & Morales-García, W. C. (2022). Burnout, professional self-efficacy, and life satisfaction as predictors of job performance in health care workers: The mediating role of work engagement. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 13, 21501319221101845. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319221101845
  • Burger, K., & Samuel, R. (2017). The role of perceived stress and self-efficacy in young people's life satisfaction: A longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(1), 78–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0608-x
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 7–19). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Cole, T., Jamwal, R., & Hirth, M. J. (2023). Photovoice to explore the patient experience of a relative motion orthosis following a hand injury. Journal of Hand Therapy, 36(2), 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2023.02.001
  • Erdoğan, D. G., & Arsal, Z. (2016). The development of lifelong learning trends scale (LLLTS). Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6(1), 114–122.
  • Healy, A., Farmer, S., Pandyan, A., & Chockalingam, N. (2018). A systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing effectiveness of prosthetic and orthotic interventions. PLOS ONE, 13(3), e0192094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192094
  • Helgøy, K. V., Bonsaksen, T., & Røykenes, K. (2022). Research-based education in undergraduate occupational therapy and physiotherapy education programmes: A scoping review. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 358. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03354-2
  • Hough, J., Levan, D., Steele, M., Kelly, K., & Dalton, M. (2019). Simulation-based education improves student self-efficacy in physiotherapy assessment and management of pediatric patients. BMC Medical Education, 19(1), 463. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1894-2
  • Ivey, C. K., Bowman, D. H., & Lockeman, K. S. (2018). Changes in physical and occupational therapy students' self-efficacy using an interprofessional case-based educational experience. Journal of Physical Therapy Education, 32(2), 199–205.
  • Jones, A., Ingram, M. E., & Forbes, R. (2021). Physiotherapy new graduate self-efficacy and readiness for interprofessional collaboration: A mixed methods study. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 35(1), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2020.1723508
  • Kaunnil, A., Sansri, V., Thongchoomsin, S., et al. (2022). Bridging the gap between clinical service and academic education of hand-splinting practice: Perspectives and experiences of Thai occupational therapists. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 8995. https://doi.org/10.3390kelle/ijerph19158995
  • Keleş, M. N., Tore, N. G., & Oskay, D. (2023). Akredite olmuş bir fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon lisans programındaki öğrencilerin akreditasyon farkındalıklarının değerlendirmesi. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 13(3), 390–396.
  • Keller, J. L., Henderson, J. P., Landrieu, K. W., Dimick, M. P., & Walsh, J. M. (2022). The 2019 practice analysis of hand therapy and the use of orthoses by certified hand therapists. Journal of hand therapy: official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists, 35(4), 628–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2021.04.008
  • Kim, J., & Park, C. Y. (2020). Education, skill training, and lifelong learning in the era of technological revolution: A review. Asia-Pacific Economic Literature, 34(2), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/apel.12319
  • Kingston, G. A., Williams, G., Judd, J., & Gray, M. A. (2015). Hand therapy services for rural and remote residents: Results of a survey of Australian occupational therapists and physiotherapists. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 23(2), 112–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12141
  • Kotsougiani-Fischer, D., Choi, J. S., Oh-Fischer, J. S., et al. (2020). ICF-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for complex regional pain syndrome of the hand: Efficacy, long-term outcomes, and impact of therapy duration. BMC Surgery, 20(1), 306. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-020-00982-7
  • Lee, P. C., & Mao, Z. (2016). The relation among self-efficacy, learning approaches, and academic performance: An exploratory study. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 16(3), 178–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2015.1136581
  • Rossi, J. (2012). Concepts and current trends in hand splinting. In Hand rehabilitation in occupational therapy (pp. 53–68). Routledge.
  • Saito, K., Narita, D., & Omori, M. (2023). Surveys of the efficacy, technical difficulty, ethics, and dissemination of splint/orthosis fabrication using thermoplastic splint sheets. Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 19(1), 223–229.
  • Saunders, R., Astifidis, R., Burke, S. L., Higgins, J., & McClinton, M. A. (2015). Hand and upper extremity rehabilitation: A practical guide (pp. 163–168). Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Schofield, K. A., & Schwartz, D. A. (2020). Teaching orthotic design and fabrication content in occupational therapy curricula: Faculty perspectives. Journal of Hand Therapy, 33(1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2018.08.003
  • Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized self-efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). NFER-Nelson.
  • Sığırtmaç, İ. C., Karadağ, B., & Öksüz, Ç. (2020). Ergoterapist ve fizyoterapist adaylarının el terapisi alanında öz yeterliliklerinin incelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 8(2), 153–160.
  • Takata, S. C., Wade, E. T., & Roll, S. C. (2019). Hand therapy interventions, outcomes, and diagnoses evaluated over the last 10 years: A mapping review linking research to practice. Journal of Hand Therapy, 32(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2017.05.018
  • von Zweck, C., Ledgerd, R., Shann, S., & Mlambo, T. (2023). A global survey on occupational therapy education: Findings and implications for diploma level education. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin, 79(2), 173–182.

El Ortezleri Yapımı Uygulamalı Eğitiminin Fizyoterapi ve Ergoterapi Öğrencilerinde Öz Yeterlik ve Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

Year 2026, Volume: 13 Issue: 1 , 171 - 184 , 30.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1679787
https://izlik.org/JA37TL89WJ

Abstract

Amaç: Ortez yapımı, el rehabilitasyonunun önemli bir parçasıdır, ancak terapistler genellikle teorik ve pratik bilgi eksikliği yaşar. Bu çalışma, fizyoterapi ve ergoterapi öğrencilerinde uygulamalı el ortezleri yapımı eğitiminin öz-yeterlik ve yaşam boyu öğrenme üzerindeki etkisini incelemiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Altmış dört öğrenci rastgele kontrol veya eğitim grubuna atanmıştır. Her iki grup da el rehabilitasyonu dersini alırken, eğitim grubu ek olarak altı haftalık bir el ortezleri yapımı eğitimine katılmıştır. Öz-yeterlik ve yaşam boyu öğrenme, Genel Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği ve Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Eğilimleri Ölçeği kullanılarak eğitim öncesi ve sonrası değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Öz-yeterlik yalnızca eğitim grubunda anlamlı şekilde artmıştır (p<0,001). Yaşam boyu öğrenme puanları her iki grupta da iyileşmiştir (p=0,008 ve p<0,001, sırasıyla). Eğitim grubu, kontrol grubuna kıyasla belirgin olarak daha yüksek öz-yeterlik göstermiştir (p=0,027, etki büyüklüğü=0,584).
Sonuç: Uygulamalı el ortezleri yapımı eğitimi, öğrencilerin öz-yeterliğini artırırken, yaşam boyu öğrenme becerilerinde teorik yönteme üstünlük sağlamamaktadır.

References

  • Aypay, A. (2010). Genel Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği'nin (GÖYÖ) Türkçe'ye uyarlama çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 113–131.
  • Babenko, O., Koppula, S., Daniels, L., Nadon, L., & Daniels, V. (2017). Lifelong learning along the education and career continuum: Meta-analysis of studies in health professions. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 5(4), 157–163.
  • Babenko, O., Daniels, L. M., Ross, S., White, J., & Oswald, A. (2019). Medical student well-being and lifelong learning: a motivational perspective. Education for Health, 32(1), 25-32.
  • Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In Encyclopedia of human behaviour (pp. 71–81). Academic Press.
  • Bernales-Turpo, D., Quispe-Velasquez, R., Flores-Ticona, D., Saintila, J., Ruiz Mamani, P. G., Huancahuire-Vega, S., ... & Morales-García, W. C. (2022). Burnout, professional self-efficacy, and life satisfaction as predictors of job performance in health care workers: The mediating role of work engagement. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 13, 21501319221101845. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319221101845
  • Burger, K., & Samuel, R. (2017). The role of perceived stress and self-efficacy in young people's life satisfaction: A longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(1), 78–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0608-x
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 7–19). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Cole, T., Jamwal, R., & Hirth, M. J. (2023). Photovoice to explore the patient experience of a relative motion orthosis following a hand injury. Journal of Hand Therapy, 36(2), 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2023.02.001
  • Erdoğan, D. G., & Arsal, Z. (2016). The development of lifelong learning trends scale (LLLTS). Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6(1), 114–122.
  • Healy, A., Farmer, S., Pandyan, A., & Chockalingam, N. (2018). A systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing effectiveness of prosthetic and orthotic interventions. PLOS ONE, 13(3), e0192094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192094
  • Helgøy, K. V., Bonsaksen, T., & Røykenes, K. (2022). Research-based education in undergraduate occupational therapy and physiotherapy education programmes: A scoping review. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 358. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03354-2
  • Hough, J., Levan, D., Steele, M., Kelly, K., & Dalton, M. (2019). Simulation-based education improves student self-efficacy in physiotherapy assessment and management of pediatric patients. BMC Medical Education, 19(1), 463. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1894-2
  • Ivey, C. K., Bowman, D. H., & Lockeman, K. S. (2018). Changes in physical and occupational therapy students' self-efficacy using an interprofessional case-based educational experience. Journal of Physical Therapy Education, 32(2), 199–205.
  • Jones, A., Ingram, M. E., & Forbes, R. (2021). Physiotherapy new graduate self-efficacy and readiness for interprofessional collaboration: A mixed methods study. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 35(1), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2020.1723508
  • Kaunnil, A., Sansri, V., Thongchoomsin, S., et al. (2022). Bridging the gap between clinical service and academic education of hand-splinting practice: Perspectives and experiences of Thai occupational therapists. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 8995. https://doi.org/10.3390kelle/ijerph19158995
  • Keleş, M. N., Tore, N. G., & Oskay, D. (2023). Akredite olmuş bir fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon lisans programındaki öğrencilerin akreditasyon farkındalıklarının değerlendirmesi. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 13(3), 390–396.
  • Keller, J. L., Henderson, J. P., Landrieu, K. W., Dimick, M. P., & Walsh, J. M. (2022). The 2019 practice analysis of hand therapy and the use of orthoses by certified hand therapists. Journal of hand therapy: official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists, 35(4), 628–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2021.04.008
  • Kim, J., & Park, C. Y. (2020). Education, skill training, and lifelong learning in the era of technological revolution: A review. Asia-Pacific Economic Literature, 34(2), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/apel.12319
  • Kingston, G. A., Williams, G., Judd, J., & Gray, M. A. (2015). Hand therapy services for rural and remote residents: Results of a survey of Australian occupational therapists and physiotherapists. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 23(2), 112–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12141
  • Kotsougiani-Fischer, D., Choi, J. S., Oh-Fischer, J. S., et al. (2020). ICF-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for complex regional pain syndrome of the hand: Efficacy, long-term outcomes, and impact of therapy duration. BMC Surgery, 20(1), 306. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-020-00982-7
  • Lee, P. C., & Mao, Z. (2016). The relation among self-efficacy, learning approaches, and academic performance: An exploratory study. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 16(3), 178–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2015.1136581
  • Rossi, J. (2012). Concepts and current trends in hand splinting. In Hand rehabilitation in occupational therapy (pp. 53–68). Routledge.
  • Saito, K., Narita, D., & Omori, M. (2023). Surveys of the efficacy, technical difficulty, ethics, and dissemination of splint/orthosis fabrication using thermoplastic splint sheets. Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 19(1), 223–229.
  • Saunders, R., Astifidis, R., Burke, S. L., Higgins, J., & McClinton, M. A. (2015). Hand and upper extremity rehabilitation: A practical guide (pp. 163–168). Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Schofield, K. A., & Schwartz, D. A. (2020). Teaching orthotic design and fabrication content in occupational therapy curricula: Faculty perspectives. Journal of Hand Therapy, 33(1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2018.08.003
  • Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized self-efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). NFER-Nelson.
  • Sığırtmaç, İ. C., Karadağ, B., & Öksüz, Ç. (2020). Ergoterapist ve fizyoterapist adaylarının el terapisi alanında öz yeterliliklerinin incelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 8(2), 153–160.
  • Takata, S. C., Wade, E. T., & Roll, S. C. (2019). Hand therapy interventions, outcomes, and diagnoses evaluated over the last 10 years: A mapping review linking research to practice. Journal of Hand Therapy, 32(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2017.05.018
  • von Zweck, C., Ledgerd, R., Shann, S., & Mlambo, T. (2023). A global survey on occupational therapy education: Findings and implications for diploma level education. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin, 79(2), 173–182.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Prosthetics and Orthotics, Rehabilitation
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Şüheda Özkan 0000-0002-5904-5946

Azra İclal Döner 0009-0003-7492-1398

Hediye Ünalan 0009-0005-5205-5120

Submission Date April 19, 2025
Acceptance Date February 6, 2026
Publication Date April 30, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1679787
IZ https://izlik.org/JA37TL89WJ
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özkan, Ş., Döner, A. İ., & Ünalan, H. (2026). Effectiveness of Hand Orthotic Fabrication Training on Self-Efficacy and Lifelong Learning in Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Students. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 13(1), 171-184. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1679787