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Otizmli Bireylerin Ergoterapi Programına Devamlılığı ile Ebeveynlerin Aile Yaşam Kalitesi, Psikolojik Dayanıklılık, Öz Yeterlilik ve Bakım Verme Yükünün İncelenmesi

Year 2026, Volume: 13 Issue: 1 , 16 - 33 , 30.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1750210
https://izlik.org/JA86XX75ZZ

Abstract

Amaç: Otizmli bireylerin ergoterapi programına devamlılığı, rehabilitasyon sürecinde yer tutar. Bu araştırma ergoterapi programında yer alan otizmli bireylerin devamlılığı ile ebeveynlerinin aile yaşam kalitesi, psikolojik dayanıklılık, öz yeterlilik ve bakım verme yükünü incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini 3-10 yaş aralığındaki 60 otizmli bireyin bakım veren rolündeki ebeveynleri oluşturmuştur. Bireylerin ergoterapi programına devamlılığını sorgulamak için bakım verenlere Ergoterapi Programı Devam/Devamsızlığı Görüşme Formu; bakım verenlerin yaşam kalitesini sorgulamak için Beach Center Aile Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği, psikolojik dayanıklılığını sorgulamak için Yetişkinler için Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği, öz yeterliliğini sorgulamak için Ebeveyn Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği, bakım verme yükünü sorgulamak için Zarit Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. İkili grup karşılaştırmalarında Mann Whitney U/ Bağımsız Örneklem t testi, ilişki analizlerinde Pearson/Spearman Korelasyon Analizleri kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çocukların yaş yaş ortalaması 5,8 ± 1,6 ve %58,3' ü (n=35) otizm, %41,7' si (n=25) atipik otizm tanılıdır. Ebeveynlerin %88,3' ü anne (n=53) ve %11,7' si babadır (n=7). Ergoterapi programına devamsızlıkta ‘Zaman yetersizliği yaşıyorum' seçeneğini tercih eden ebeveynler ile tercih etmeyenler arasında; Beach Center Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği puanları (p=0,003), Yetişkinler İçin Dayanıklılık Ölçeği puanları (p=0,019) Ebeveyn Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği puanları (p=0,01), Bakım Verme Yükü (p=0,003) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark vardır.
Sonuç: Zaman yönetimi sorunu yaşayan ebeveynlerde aile yaşam kalitesi, psikolojik dayanıklılık, öz yeterlilik ve bakım yükü farklılaşmaktadır. Katılımcılarda iyi bir performans kalıbı için gerekli olan zaman kullanımının bakım veren rolünü etkilediği görülmüştür. Bu nedenle bakım verme eğitimlerine zaman yönetimi içeriğinin eklenmesi önerilmekte; gelecekte belirli takip süreleriyle etkilerinin incelenmesi tavsiye edilmektedir.

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Effects of Occupational Therapy Participation in Autism and Parental Family Quality of Life, Psychological Resilience, Self-Efficacy, and Caregiving Burden

Year 2026, Volume: 13 Issue: 1 , 16 - 33 , 30.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1750210
https://izlik.org/JA86XX75ZZ

Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to examine the continuity of individuals with autism participating in occupational therapy programs and the relationship with their caregivers’ family quality of life, psychological resilience, parental self-efficacy, and caregiving burden. Materials and
Methods: The sample of the study consisted of caregivers of 60 children with autism aged between 3 and 10 years. To assess participation in the occupational therapy program, caregivers were administered the Occupational Therapy Program Attendance/Non-attendance Interview Form. For evaluating caregivers’ family quality of life, the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale (BCQ) was used; psychological resilience was assessed via the Resilience Scale for Adults (RS); parental self-efficacy was measured with Parental Self-Efficacy Scale for Children with Disabilities; and caregiving burden was evaluated using the Zarit Parental Self-Efficacy Scale (Z-PSE). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The children's average age was 5.8 ± 1.6, with 58.3% (n=35) diagnosed with autism and 41.7% (n=25) with atypical autism. Statistically significant differences were observed between caregivers who selected “I experience time constraints” as a reason for non-attendance and those who did not, in the following scales: BCQ (p=0.003), RS (p=0.019), Z-PSE (p=0.01), CBS (p=0.003)
Discussion and Conclusion: The findings reveal that time management difficulties among caregivers are significant determinants of family quality of life, psychological resilience, parental self-efficacy, and caregiving burden, compared to caregivers not experiencing such difficulties. Future studies should investigate the effects of time management training through follow-up periods to assess its impact comprehensively.

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval was obtained from the Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee of Biruni University (Approval No: 2022/68-32).

Supporting Institution

No financial support was received from any institution, organization, or individual for this study.

Thanks

We extend our sincere gratitude to all parents who voluntarily participated in the research process.

References

  • Ademoğlu, M. Ç., & Kutlu, İ. (2024). Evde bakım desteğinden faydalanan ailelerde bakım yükü. International Journal of Social Sciences (IJSS), 8(35), 397–418.
  • Alhazmi, A., & Alqahtani, M. (2024). Parenting stress and lifestyle challenges among families of children with autism spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 215. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01215-7
  • Balcells-Balcells, A., Giné, C., Guàrdia-Olmos, J., Summers, J. A., & Mas, J. M. (2019). Impact of supports and partnership on family quality of life. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 85, 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.01.004
  • Barlow, J., Powell, L., & Gilchrist, M. (2006). The influence of the training and support programme on the self-efficacy and psychological well-being of parents of children with disabilities: A controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 12(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2005.11.005
  • Basim, H. N., & Çetin, F. (2011). Yetişkinler için psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeği’nin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(2), 104–114.
  • Borilli, M. C., Germano, C. M. R., De Avó, L. R. D. S., Pilotto, R. F., & Melo, D. G. (2022). Family quality of life among families who have children with mild intellectual disability associated with mild autism spectrum disorder. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 80(4), 360–367. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1749020
  • Çandır, E. (2016). Otizm tanısı ile izlenen çocukların annelerinde bakım verme yükü ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Cavkaytar, A., Aksoy, V., & Ardıç, A. (2014). Ebeveyn öz yeterlik ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasının güncellenmesi. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 4(1), 69–76.
  • Çorakcı Yazıcıoğlu, Z., & Bumin, G. (2025). Occupational therapy using sensory integration for enhancing occupational performance in children with autism: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-025-06970-1
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  • D’Arrigo, R., Copley, J. A., Poulsen, A. A., & Ziviani, J. (2020). Parent engagement and disengagement in paediatric settings: An occupational therapy perspective. Disability and Rehabilitation, 42(20), 2882–2893. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1572790
  • Davis, K., & Gavidia-Payne, S. (2009). The impact of child, family, and professional support characteristics on the quality of life in families of young children with disabilities. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 34(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668250902874608
  • Davy, G., Unwin, K. L., Barbaro, J., & Dissanayake, C. (2022). Leisure, employment, community participation and quality of life in caregivers of autistic children: A scoping review. Autism, 26(8), 1916–1930. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221082621
  • Dereli, F., & Okur, S. (2008). Engelli çocuğa sahip olan ailelerin depresyon durumunun belirlenmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi].
  • Dharanidharan, D., & Kuruveettissery, S. (2025). Parental perspectives on stress and challenges in raising autistic children: A meta-synthesis. Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health, 12(1), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40737-024-00420-4
  • Dudová, I. (2022). Autism spectrum disorders. Cesko-Slovenska Pediatrie, 77(3), 143–147. World Health Organization. https://doi.org/10.55095/cspediatrie2022/017
  • Dur, Ş., & Mutlu, B. (2018). Otizm spektrum bozukluğu ve hemşirelik yaklaşımı. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 15(1), 45–50.
  • Feng, Y., Zhou, X., Qin, X., Cai, G., Lin, Y., Pang, Y., Chen, B., Deng, T., & Zhang, L. (2022). Parental self-efficacy and family quality of life in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in China: The possible mediating role of social support. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 63, 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.09.026
  • Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: What are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.143
  • Guimond, A., Moore, H., Aier, D., Maxon, E., & Diken, I. H. (2005). Parental self-efficacy instrument for children with disabilities (PSICD) [Unpublished scale]. Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
  • Hoffman, L., Marquis, J., Poston, D., Summers, J. A., & Turnbull, A. (2006). Assessing family outcomes: Psychometric evaluation of the beach center family quality of life scale. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(4), 1069–1083. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00314.x
  • İnci, F., & Erdem, M. (2006). Bakim verme yükü ölçeği’nin türkçe’ye uyarlanmasi geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4), 85–95.
  • Kasuya, R. T., Polgar-Bailey, P., & Takeuchi, R. (2000). Caregiver burden and burnout: A guide for primary care physicians. Postgraduate Medicine, 108(7), 119–123. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2000.12.1332
  • Kayıhan, H., & Huri, M. (2016). Erken müdahale yaklaşımlarında ergoterapi’nin rolü. In Erken müdahalede ilk aşama: Tanılama kitabı içinde (pp. 125–136).
  • Kocakaya, R. (2017). Engelli üyeye sahip ailelerdeki bireylerin psikolojik dayanıklılığı ile algılanan aile işlevselliği arasındaki ilişki [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi].
  • Kuhaneck, H. M., & Watling, R. (2015). Occupational therapy: Meeting the needs of families of people with autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69(5), 6905170010p1–6905170010p5. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2015.018093
  • Kumari, A., & Sekher, T. V. (2021). Elderly as family caregivers: Burden and challenges in India. In Gerontological concerns and responses in India (pp. 159–181). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6460-2_9
  • Law, M. C., Baum, C. M., & Baptiste, S. (2002). Occupation-based practice: Fostering performance and participation. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/000841740206900103
  • Mandak, K., & Light, J. (2018). Family-centered services for children with ASD and limited speech: The experiences of parents and speech-language pathologists. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(4), 1311–1324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3360-2
  • Martínez-Rico, G., García-Grau, P., Cañadas-Pérez, M., & González-García, R. J. (2025). Does family confidence bridge child functioning and caregiver burden in early intervention? PLoS ONE, 20(5), e0321997. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321997
  • Meral, B. F. (2013). Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability study of the Beach Center Family quality of life scale. Eğitim ve Bilim, 38(170), 346–356.
  • Murphy, A. N., Pinkerton, L. M., Morford, A. E., & Risser, H. J. (2024). Parent-therapist partnership survey: Parent feedback and psychometric properties. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54(2), 532–543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-05987-2
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There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Occupational Therapy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Elif Vardar 0000-0002-1584-0980

İbrahim Yavuz Tatlı 0000-0002-2647-8876

Submission Date July 25, 2025
Acceptance Date December 12, 2025
Publication Date April 30, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1750210
IZ https://izlik.org/JA86XX75ZZ
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Vardar, E., & Tatlı, İ. Y. (2026). Effects of Occupational Therapy Participation in Autism and Parental Family Quality of Life, Psychological Resilience, Self-Efficacy, and Caregiving Burden. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 13(1), 16-33. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1750210