Diyet Kalitesi ve Sedanter Geçirilen Süre Obez Fenotiplerinde Metabolik Sağlığı Etkiler mi?

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 39 - 54, 26.04.2019

Pelin Bilgiç , Sümeyra Öteleş

https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.541591

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Amaç: Obezite son yıllarda hızla artmakla birlikte önemli fenotipik
varyasyonları olan kompleks ve heterojen bir durumdur. Obezite kardiyovasküler
hastalıklar (KVH), tip 2 diyabet, dislipidemi ve hipertansiyon gibi birçok metabolik
komplikasyonlarla ilişkilidir. Ancak bu komplikasyonların gelişimine dirençli
olan obez alt grubu tanımlanmakta ve “metabolik olarak sağlıklı (MS) obez”
şeklinde adlandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı diyet kalitesi ve sedanter
geçirilen sürenin obez fenotipleri arasında karşılaştırılmasıdır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya diyabet, hipertansiyon ve
dislipidemi tanısı almayan, gebe ve menopoz döneminde olmayan beden kütle
indeksine göre hafif şişman/obez (BKİ ≥25,00 kg/m²) 19-50 yaş arası
57 gönüllü premenopoz kadın katılmıştır. Bireylere genel özelliklerinin
sorgulandığı bir anket uygulanmış, antropometrik ölçüm ve vücut bileşimi
verileri alınmıştır. Bireylerden bir gün hafta içi, bir gün hafta sonu olmak
üzere toplam iki günlük geriye dönük besin tüketimi alınarak Sağlıklı Yeme
İndeksi-2005 (SYİ-2005) ölçeği ile diyet kaliteleri hesaplanmıştır. Bireylerin
fiziksel aktivite ile sedanter geçirilen süreleri ise Uluslararası Fiziksel
Aktivite Kaydı ile saptanmıştır. Katılımcılar yüksek kan basıncı, trigliserit,
glukoz, düşük yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein ve insülin direnci (MSO≥2; MS<2)
dahil olmak üzere kardiyometabolik risk faktörlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda hafif şişman/obez bireylerin %56’sının (n=32)
metabolik olarak sağlıklı olduğu saptanmıştır. Metabolik olarak sağlıklı (MS)
hafif şişman/obez bireylerin SYİ puanının metabolik olarak sağlıklı olmayan
(MSO) hafif şişman/obez bireylerin puanından daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur
(p<0.05). MS grubunun tam meyve, tam tahıl, süt ve et/kurubaklagil diyet
kalitesi skorlarının MSO grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p>0.05). MS grubun MSO gruba göre
sedanter geçirilen sürenin daha az olduğu görülmüştür (p> 0.05).

Sonuç: Obezitenin metabolik risk faktörlerine karşı dirençli olan MS fenotipinin
gelişiminde altta yatan faktörler son yıllarda tartışılmakta ve yaşam tarzı
faktörlerinin ayırıcı bir etken olabileceği vurgulanmaktadır. Sağlıklı beslenme
ve hareketli yaşam gibi yaşam tarzı faktörlerinin MS obez fenotipinin
gelişiminde olası etkilerinin aydınlatılması, obezitenin tedavisinde yararlı
olacaktır.

Keywords

Obezite, Metabolik sağlık, Diyet kalitesi, Sedanter süre

Is Metabolic Health Affected From Dietary Quality and Sedentary Time in Obesity Phenotypes?

Abstract

Objectıves: Obesity is a complex and heterogeneous condition with rapidly increasing
phenotypic variations in recent years. Obesity is associated with many metabolic
complications such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes,
dyslipidemia and hypertension. However, the obese subgroup that is resistant to
the development of these complications is defined and is called metabolically
healthy obese (MHO). The aim of this study was to compare dietary quality and
sedentary duration between obese phenotypes.

Materıals and Methods: A total of 57 voluntary women aged between 19 and 50
years, who did not have diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia and were not pregnant
and in the non-menopausal period having overweight/obese (BKİ ≥25 kg/m²)
were included in the study. A questionnaire was performed to examine the
overall characteristics of the individuals, and the data of the
anthropometrical measurements and body composition were obtained. The dietary
quality of individuals was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2005
(HEI-2005) scale according to a 24-hour retrospective food consumption record
form that was used to evaluate a total of two-day food consumption, one day on
weekdays and the other day on weekends. Duration of physical activity and
sedentary periods were evaluated using the International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ). Participants were classified by cardiometabolic risk
factors, including elevatted blood pressure, trygliceride, glucose, low high
density lipoprotein and insülin resistance (MU≥2; MH<2).

Results: Based on our study results, 56% (n=32) of
overweight/obese individuals were found to be metabolically healthy.
Metabolically healthy (MH) overweight/obese individuals were found to have a
higher HEI score than that of the overweight/obese metabolically unhealthy (MU)
participants (p<0.05). It was found that the MS group had higher total
fruit, whole grains, milk and meat / bean scores than the MU group.
(p>0.05). MH group had less sedentary time compared with MU group
(p>0.05).

Conclusion: The underlying factors in the development of
the MH phenotype, which is resistant to the metabolic risk factors of obesity,
have been discussed in recent years and it is emphasized that lifestyle factors
may be a distinctive factor. Identifying the possible effects of lifestyle
factors such as healthy nutrition and active life on the development of the
obese phenotype of MH will be useful in the treatment of obesity

Keywords

Obesity, metabolic health, dietary quality, sedentary time

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