Research Article
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The Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire: A Study of Reliability and Validity

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 96 - 119, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.904785

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study wass to adapt the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-III Adult Form (AEQ-III-Y) developed by Brown, Christiansen and Goldman (1987) into Turkish and examine its validity and reliability. Materials and Methods: In line with the study, a total of 402 adults who were treated with a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder and used alcohol without a diagnosis were given the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-III Adult Form (AEQ-III-Y), Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQR) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scales were applied. The data obtained; language equivalence back-translation method; by seeking expert opinion on content validity; by testing its reliability, invariance over time (test-retest reliability/test-retest reliability) and internal consistency; its validity was tested with construct validity (confirmative factor analysis).
Results: The Cronbach's alpha value of AEQ-III-Y was found to be .97 for 120 items. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, 5 sub-factors explaining 37.88% of the total variance were formed in accordance with the original scale: General positive changes, increased social sociability and decreased anxiety, relaxation and tension reduction, increased sexuality, physical relaxation. In the item analysis, the Cronbach's alpha value was found to be .96 for all of the .82 items in the scale, which was created after the items with an item strength below .40 were removed, and it ranged from .93 to .77 for the subscales. In the analyzes performed, a significant correlation was found between AEQ-III-Y and DMQR at the level of r=.64 and between AUDIT at the level of .24. In the adaptation studies, it was found that the expectation from alcohol of those who used harmful alcohol with a high score in AUDIT was higher than the other participants. Accordingly, it was concluded that as the expectation level of the participants increased, their alcohol consumption also increased.
Conclusion: The results obtained as a result of the analyzes were concluded that the psychometric properties of the Adult Turkish version of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-III Adult Form meet the necessary criteria and it is a valid and reliable scale.

References

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Alkolden Beklentiler Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 96 - 119, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.904785

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Brown, Christiansen ve Goldman (1987) tarafından geliştirilen Alkolden Beklentiler Ölçeği-III Yetişkin Formu'nu (ABÖ-III-Y) Türkçeye uyarlayarak geçerlik ve güvenirliğini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Yapılan çalışma doğrultusunda alkol kullanım bozukluğu tanısıyla tedavi gören ve tanı almaksızın alkol kullanan toplam 402 yetişkine Alkolden Beklentiler Ölçeği-III Yetişkin Formu (ABÖ-III-Y), İçme Nedenleri Ölçeği Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu, (İNÖ-GF) ve Alkol Kullanım Bozuklukları Tanıma Testi (AKBTT) ölçekleri uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler; dil eşdeğerliği geri-çeviri yöntemi; içerik geçerliği (content validity) uzman görüşüne başvurularak; güvenirliği, zamana göre değişmezliği (test-tekrar test güvenirlik/test-retest reliability) ve iç tutarlılığı (internal consistency) test edilerek; geçerliği ise yapı geçerliği (doğrulayıcı faktör analizi) ile sınanmıştır.
Bulgular: ABÖ-III-Y'nin Cronbach alfa değeri 120 madde için .97 olarak bulunmuştur. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda toplam varyansın %37,88’ini açıklayan 5 alt faktör ölçeğin orijinaliyle de uyumlu olarak şu şekilde oluşturulmuştur: Genel olumlu değişiklikler, artan sosyal girişkenlik ve kaygının azalması, gevşeme ve gerilimi azaltma, cinsellikte artış, fiziksel rahatlama. Yapılan madde analizinde madde gücü .40’ın altındaki maddeler çıkarıldıktan sonra oluşturulan ölçekte Cronbach alfa değeri .82 maddenin tümü için .96 bulunarak alt ölçekler için de .93 ile .77 arasında değişmektedir. Yapılan analizlerde ABÖ-III-Y ile İNÖ-GF arasında r=.64 düzeyinde AKBTT ile arasında .24 düzeyinde anlamlı bir korelasyon bulunmuştur. Yapılan uyarlama çalışmalarında AKBTT’den yüksek puan alarak zararlı düzeyde alkol kullananların alkolden beklentileri diğer katılımcılara oranla daha yüksek düzeyde bulunmuştur. Buna göre katılımcıların beklenti düzeyi arttıkça alkol tüketimlerinin de arttığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Sonuç: Yapılan analizler sonucu elde edilen sonuçlar Alkolden Beklentiler Ölçeği-III’ün Yetişkin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özelliklerinin gerekli ölçütleri karşıladığı, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

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  • Abbey A., Ross L. T. & Mcduffıe D. (1994). Alcohol’s role in sexual assault. In Addictive behaviors in women, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 97-123.
  • Allen J. P., Wilson V. B. (2003) Assessing alcohol problems: A guide for clinicians and researchers. National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda.
  • Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2014) DSM-V Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı, 5. Baskı, çev. KÖROĞLU E., Hekimler Yayın Birliği, Ankara.
  • Babor T. F., Higgins Biddle J. C., Saunders J. B. & Monteiro M. G. (2001). AUDIT: The alcohol use disorders identification test: Guidelines for use in primary health care. World Health Organization.
  • Biscaro M., Broer K., Taylor N. (2004). Self efficacy, alcohol expectancy and problem-solving appraisal as predictors of alcohol use in college students. College Student Journal, 38(4), 541-552.
  • Brown S.A., Goldman M. S., Inn A. & Anderson L. R. (1980) Expectations of reinforcement from alcohol:Their domain and relation to drinking patterns. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 419–426.
  • Brown S. A., Christiansen B. A. & Goldman M. S. (1987). The Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire: an instrument for the assessment of adolescent and adult alcohol expectancies. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 48(5), 483-491.
  • Borjesson W. L. & Dunn M. E. (2001). Alcohol expectancies of women and men in relation to alcohol use and perceptions of the effects of alcohol on the opposite sex. Addictive Behaviors, 26(5), 707-719.
  • Büyüköztürk Ş. (2002). Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık
  • Chaloupka, F. J., Grossman, M., & Saffer, H. (2002). The effects of price on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Alcohol Research & Health, 26(1), 22.
  • Crocker, L. & Algina, J. (2006). Introduction to classical and modern test theory. Fort Worth, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
  • Cook, M., Kuntsche, S., Labhart, F., & Kuntsche, E. (2020). Do different drinks make you feel different emotions? Examination of young adolescents’ beverage-specific alcohol expectancies using the alcohol expectancy task. Addictive Behaviors, 106, 106375.
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  • Coira, D. & Grady, M. (2016). Esnek eklektik psikoterapi (FEP): Psikoterapi Entegrasyonu İçin Bir Model. Avrupa Psikiyatrisi, 33 (S1), S558-S558.
  • Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98.
  • Darkes J. ve Goldman M. S. (1993). Expectancy challenge and drinking reduction: experimental evidence for a mediational process. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(2), 344.
  • Dawson D. A. & Archer L. (1992). Gender differences in alcohol consumption: effects of measurement. Addiction, 87(1), 119-123.
  • Devine E. G. & Rosenberg H. (2000) Understanding the relation between expectancies and drinking among DUI offenders using expectancy categories. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61, 164–167.
  • Doğan S. & Küçükgöncü S. (2010). Alkol ve Alkol Bağımlılığı: Cinsellik, Uyku, Yeme Bozuklukları. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry Special Topics, 3(3), 95.
  • Ekuklu G., Deveci S., Eskiocak M., Berberoğlu U. ve Saltik A. (2004). Alcoholism prevalence and some related factors in Edirne, Turkey. Yonsei Medical Journal, 45, 207-214.
  • Erdoğdu M. (2018). Erken dönem uyum bozucu şemalar ile sürekli öfke ve öfkenin ifade ediliş biçimi arasındaki ilişkiler. Disiplinlerarası Adli Bilimler Anabilim Dalı Adli Psikoloji Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Erdoğdu M., Şentürk G., Şatıroğlu N. (2021). Bireysel Olarak Riskli Gruplarda Riskli Alkol Tüketimi; Alkol Kullanımının Sağlığa Etkisi, Turkish Journal of Forensic Sciences and Crime Studies, 3(2), 91-101.
  • Erkuş A. (2007). Ölçek geliştirme ve uyarlama çalışmalarında karşılaşılan sorunlar. Türk Psikoloji Bülteni, 13(40), 17-25.
  • George W. H., Stoner S. A., Norris J. , Lopez P. A. ve Lehman G. L. (2000). Alcohol expectancies and sexuality: a self-fulfilling prophecy analysis of dyadic perceptions and behavior. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61(1), 168-176.
  • Gilles D. M., Turk C. L. & Fresco D. M. (2006). Social anxiety, alcohol expectancies, and self-efficacy as predictors of heavy drinking in college students. Addictive Behaviors, 31, 388-398.
  • Hernandez, J. R. S., Muñoz, R. G. V., & Mañibo, J. S. (2020). Social anxiety, self-esteem and alcohol expectancy among problem drinkers. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, 7(1).
  • Herran O. F. & Ardila M. F. (2007). Validez factorial del cuestionario de expectativas hacia el consumo de alcohol (AEQ-III), en adultos de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Revista médica de Chile, 135(4), 488-495.
  • İlhan İ., Doğan Y. B., Demirbaş H. ve Boztaş M. H. (2002). Alkol bağımlılarında alkole başlamada belirleyici risk etmenlerinin gelişim dönemlerine göre incelenmesi. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 3(2), 84-90.
  • Jones B. T., Corbin W. & Fromme K. (2001). A review of expectancy theory and alcohol consumption. Addiction, 96(1), 57-72.
  • Kuusisto, K., Knuuttila, V., & Saarnio, P. (2011). Pre-treatment expectations in clients: Impact on retention and effectiveness in outpatient substance abuse treatment. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 39(3), 257-271.
  • Kızıltaş, A., & Tuncay, T. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin alkol ve madde kullanma risklerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 32(3), 867-882.
  • Le, T. M., Zhornitsky, S., Zhang, S., & Li, C. S. R. (2020). Pain and reward circuits antagonistically modulate alcohol expectancy to regulate drinking. Translational Psychiatry, 10(1), 1-10.
  • Leigh B. C. & Stacy A. W. (2004). Alcohol expectancies and drinking in different age groups. Addiction, 99(2), 215-227.
  • Mezquita L., Camacho L., Suso-Ribera C., Ortet G. & Ibanez M. L. (2018). Development and validation of the alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire Short Form (EQ-SF). Adicciones, 920-920.
  • Mcelrath Terry Y. M., Emery S., Szczypka G. ve Johnston L. D. (2011). Potential exposure to anti-drug advertising and drug-related attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors among United States youth, 1995–2006. Addictive Behaviors, 36(1), 116-124.
  • Mooney D. K., Fromme K., Kivlahan D. R. & Marlatt G. A. (1987). Correlates of alcohol consumption: Sex, age, and expectancies relate differentially to quantity and frequency. Addictive Behaviors, 12(3), 235-240.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema S. (2004). Gender differences in risk factors and consequences for alcohol use and problems. Clinical Psychology Review, 24(8), 981-1010.
  • Osburn, H. G. (2000). Coefficient alpha and related internal consistency reliability coefficients. Psychological Methods, 5, 343–355.
  • Özcan B. & Sever S. (2017). Sosyo-Demografik Değişkenler Açısından Alkol Kullanımı ve Çeşitli Kriterlere Göre Analizi. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(2), 261-276.
  • Özgüven İ. E. (2007). Psikolojik testler. PDREM yayınları.
  • Pabst A., Kraus L., Piontek D., Mueller S. ve Demmel R. (2014). Direct and indirect effects of alcohol expectancies on alcohol-related problems. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(1), 20.
  • Perez-Aranibar C. C., Van Den Broucke S. ve Fontaine J. (2005). Validation of the alcohol expectancy questionnaire (AEQ-A) for Peruvian university students. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 49(3), 63.
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There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Selcan Yıldızeli This is me 0000-0002-8620-4308

Merve Erdoğdu 0000-0002-3745-2639

Early Pub Date January 4, 2022
Publication Date April 30, 2022
Submission Date March 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yıldızeli, S., & Erdoğdu, M. (2022). Alkolden Beklentiler Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 9(1), 96-119. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.904785