Investigation of the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Aggression in Adults with Hearing Loss

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 344 - 361, 31.08.2022

Mert Kılıç Filiz Yağcı Zahra Polat

Abstract

Objective: Our research aims to investigate the relationships between social anxiety and aggression of adults with hearing loss and, to examine social anxiety and aggression in terms of many variables.
Materials and Methods: 118 volunteers with hearing loss between the ages of 18-60, who were reached through various institutions or the internet, were included in the study. The study data were collected using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and the Demographic Information Form. In the statistical analysis, appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests were used according to the distribution of the data.
Results: In the results of our study, weak positive correlations were found between the BPAQ and LSAS scores of adults with hearing loss (p<0.01). In addition, it was observed that gender had an effect on aggression, it did not affect social anxiety, and males had more verbal and physical aggression (p<0.05). Individuals using hearing aids or cochlear implants were found to have higher levels of hostility than those who did not use them (p=0.051). While the increase in education level from secondary school decreases the level of verbal aggression; the aggression level of those whose income level is below the minimum wage was found to be the highest (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Hearing loss affects the level of social anxiety and aggression in terms of many variables. It may be beneficial to provide psychological support for people with hearing loss who show a high level of aggression and social anxiety.

Keywords

social anxiety, aggression, hearing loss, psychology

İşitme Kayıplı Yetişkinlerde Sosyal Kaygı ve Saldırganlık Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması

Abstract

Amaç: Araştırmamız, işitme kayıplı yetişkinlerin sosyal kaygıları ve saldırganlıkları arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmayı ve sosyal kaygı ve saldırganlığı birçok değişken açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya, çeşitli kurumlar veya internet üzerinden ulaşılmış, 18-60 yaş aralığında 118 işitme kayıplı gönüllü birey dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri Buss – Perry Saldırganlık Ölçeği (BPSÖ), Liebowitz Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği (LSKÖ) ve Demografik Bilgi Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizde verilerin dağılımına göre uygun parametrik veya non-parametrik testler kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızın sonuçlarında, işitme kayıplı yetişkinlerin BPSÖ ve LSKÖ puanları arasında zayıf pozitif korelasyonlar saptanmıştır (p<0,01). Ek olarak cinsiyetin saldırganlık üzerinde etkili olduğu, sosyal kaygıyı etkilemediği ve erkeklerin daha fazla sözel ve fiziksel saldırganlığa sahip oldukları görülmüştür (p<0,05). İşitme cihazı veya koklear implant kullanan bireylerin kullanmayanlara göre düşmanlık düzeyleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,051). Ortaokuldan itibaren eğitim seviyesinin artması sözel saldırganlık düzeyini düşürürken; gelir düzeyi asgari ücret altında olanların saldırganlık düzeyi en yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05).
Sonuç: İşitme kaybı, birçok değişken bakımından sosyal kaygı ve saldırganlık düzeyini etkilemektedir. Yüksek düzeyde saldırganlık ve sosyal kaygı gösteren işitme kayıplı bireylere psikolojik destek sağlanması faydalı olabilir.

Keywords

sosyal kaygı, saldırganlık, işitme kaybı, psikoloji

References

• Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002). Human Aggression. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 27–51. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231
• Azizi, M., Saeidmanesh, M., Kazemi, F., & Radaie, V. (2019). The effectiveness of group counseling based on problem-solving on aggression and social adjustment in hearing-impaired students. Auditory and Vestibular Research, 28(3), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v28i3.1227
• Babaroglu, A. (2016). Aggression Behaviors in Children with and without Hearing Impairment. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 8(2), 14–27. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v8n2p14
• Barker, D. H., Quittner, A. L., Fink, N. E., Eisenberg, L. S., Tobey, E. A., & Niparko, J. K. (2009). Predicting behavior problems in deaf and hearing children: the influences of language, attention, and parent-child communication. Development and Psychopathology, 21(2), 373–392. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409000212
• Baron, R. A., & Byrne, D. (1991). Social psychology: Understanding human interaction (5. Baskı). Newton, M.A; Allyn and Bacon.
• Carmen, R., & Uram, S. (2002). Hearing loss and anxiety in adults. The Hearing Journal, 55(4), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HJ.0000293358.79452.49
• Cunningham, L. L., & Tucci, D. L. (2017). Hearing Loss in Adults. The New England Journal of Medicine, 377(25), 2465–2473. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1616601
• Dawes, P., Cruickshanks, K. J., Fischer, M. E., Klein, B. E. K., Klein, R., & Nondahl, D. M. (2015). Hearing-aid use and long-term health outcomes: Hearing handicap, mental health, social engagement, cognitive function, physical health, and mortality. International Journal of Audiology, 54(11), 838–844. https://doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2015.1059503
• Demirtaş-Madran, A. (2013). Buss-Perry Saldırganlık Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 24(2), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.5080/u6859
• Edalati, A., & Redzuan, M. (2010). Women Physical Aggression (A Review). Journal of American Science, 6(6), 227–235.
• Keilmann, A., Limberger, A., & Mann, W. J. (2007). Psychological and physical well-being in hearing-impaired children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 71(11), 1747–1752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.07.013
• Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1997). Social anxiety. Guilford Press.
• Majid, S., Nawaz, N., & Bilal, M. (2019). A Comparative Study on aggression in boys and girls with hearing impairment. Journal of Inclusive Education, 3(1), 1–17. http://journal.aiou.edu.pk/journal1/index.php/JIE/article/view/494
• Monzani, D., Genovese, E., Palma, S., Rovatti, V., Borgonzoni, M., & Martini, A. (2007). Measuring the psychosocial consequences of hearing loss in a working adult population: focus on validity and reliability of the Italian translation of the hearing handicap inventory. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Otorinolaringologia e Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale, 27(4), 186–191.
• Niazi, Y., Ejaz, B., & Muazzam, A. (2020). Impact of hearing impairment on psychological distress and subjective well-being in older adults. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(6), 1210–1215. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2457
• Noble, W. (2009). Preventing the psychosocial risks of hearing loss. Australian Family Physician, 38(8), 591–593.
• Oh, K.-S., Kim, E.-J., Ha, J.-W., Woo, H.-Y., Kwon, M.-J., Shin, D.-W., ve diğerleri. (2018). The Relationship between Plasma Oxytocin Levels and Social Anxiety Symptoms. Psychiatry Investigation, 15(11), 1079–1086. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2018.08.31
• Shin, H.-Y., & Hwang, H.-J. (2017). Mental Health of the People with Hearing Impairment in Korea: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 38(2), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.2.57
• Shoham, N., Lewis, G., Favarato, G., & Cooper, C. (2019). Prevalence of anxiety disorders and symptoms in people with hearing impairment: a systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 54(6), 649–660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1638-3
• Şimşek, A., Salman, U., Ekici, E., & Kuşman, B. (2019). İşitme engelli bireylerin sürekli kaygı düzeyi ile durum kaygı düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi, 4(4), 173–178. https://doi.org/10.5606/fng.btd.2018.028
• Soykan, C., Ozgüven, H. D., & Gençöz, T. (2003). Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: the Turkish version. Psychological Reports, 93(3 Pt 2), 1059–1069. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3f.1059
• Tambs, K. (2004). Moderate Effects of Hearing Loss on Mental Health and Subjective Well-Being: Results From the Nord-Trøndelag Hearing Loss Study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66(5), 776–782. https://doi.org/10.1097/01 .psy.0000133328.03596.fb
• Theunissen, S. C. P. M., Rieffe, C., Kouwenberg, M., De Raeve, L., Soede, W., Briaire, J. J., ve diğerleri. (2012). Anxiety in children with hearing aids or cochlear implants compared to normally hearing controls. The Laryngoscope, 122(3), 654–659. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.22502
• Toldos, M. P. (2005). Sex and age differences in self‐estimated physical, verbal and indirect aggression in Spanish adolescents. Aggressive Behavior, 31(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20034
• Vernon, M., & Greenberg, S. F. (1999). Violence in deaf and hard-of-hearing people: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4(3), 259–272. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(97)00058-X
• Yildiz, K., Pepe, O., Sarita, N., & Kaya, Z. (2012). An Investigation Over the Levels of Social Anxiety According To the Gender Factors of Hearing-Impaired Adolescent Athletes Between the Ages of 12-16. Nigde University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 6(1), 56–61.