Acute kidney injury followed by seizure induced rhabdomyolysis

Abstract

Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life-threating syndrome which is caused by muscle injury and characterized by the leakage of muscle cell contents, including electrolytes, myoglobin and other sarcoplasmic proteins into circulation. Rhandomyolysis may develop from a variety of causes such as trauma, muscle disease, drugs and toxins etc. Acut kidney injury is the most frequent lethal complication of rhabdomyolysis. Seizures especially generalized tonic-clonic type can rarely cause rhabdomyolysis by the muscle forces generated during seizure episode. In this case, we represent a rarely seen case of acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolsis after seizure episodes with full recovery

References

1. Bosch X, Poch E, Grau JM. Rhabdomyolysis and and acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med ; 361: 62-72. Khan FY. Rhabdomyolysis: a review of the literature. Neth J Med 2009; 67: 272-283.
2. Gabow PA, Kaehny WD, Kelleher SP. The spectrum of rhabdomyolysis. Medicine 1982; (3): 141-152.
3. Knochel JP. Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Annu Rev Med 1982; 33: 435-443.
4. Akmal M, Massry SG. Reversible hepatic dysfunction associated with rhabdomyolysis. Am J Nephrol 1990; 10: 49–52.
5. Huerta-Alardin AL, Varon J, Marik PE. Bench-to-bedside review: Rhabdomyolysis — an overview for clinicians. Crit Care 2005; 9: 158-169.
6. Melli G, Chaudhry V, Cornblath DR. Rhabdomyolysis: an evaluation of 475 hospitalized patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005; 84: 377-385.
7. Odeh M. The role of reperfusion­induced injury in the pathogenesis of the crush syndrome. N Engl J Med 1991; 324:1417-1422.
8. Zager RA, Burkhast KM, Conrad DS, Gmur DJ. Iron, heme oxygenase, and glutathione: effects on myohemoglo­binuric proximal tubular injury. Kidney Int 1995; 48: 1624-1634.

9. Giannoglou GD, Chatzizisis YS, Misirli G. The syndrome of rhabdomyolysis: pathophysiology and diagnosis. EurJ Intern Med 2007; 18: 90–100.
10. Mikkelsen TS, Toft P. Prognostic value, kinetics and effect of CVVHDF on serum of the myoglobin and creatine kinase in critically ill patients with rhabdomyolysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005; 49: 859-864.
11. Veenstra J, Smit WM, Krediet RT, Arisz L. Relationship between elevated creatine phosphokinase and the clinical spectrum of rhabdomyolysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994; 9 (6): 637-641.
12. Woodrow G, Brownjohn AM, Turney JH. The clinical and biochemical features of acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis. Ren Fail 1995; 17: 467-474. de Meijer AR, Fikkers BG, de Keijzer MH, van Engelen BG, Drenth JP. Serum creatine kinase as predictor of clinical course in rhabdomyolysis: a 5-year intensive care survey.
13. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29: 1121-1125.
14. Ward MM. Factors predictive of acute renal failure in rhabdomyolysis. Arch Intern Med ; 148: 1553-1557.