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Pregnancy, Health, and Birth Related Problems of Pregnant Adolescents

Year 2011, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 8 - 20, 01.06.2011

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted in order to identify the problems of pregnant adolescents related to general health, pregnancy, and birth; and to raise awareness among pregnant adolescents on healthy pregnancy and birth practices. Method: This is a cross-sectional study held in the Bağlar Health Center region, Diyarbakir. The data were acquired from the interview forms of 125 pregnant adolescents identified from among the health center records. The pregnant women were visited twice at their homes before and after birth. The required information related to pregnancy and delivery was collected, pregnant women were clinically examined and their blood and urine samples were collected. Results: adolescents were in their Iate adolescent years, that 46,4% had primary or further level education, and that 48% were consanguineously married. Adolescents were found to have married within an average of 3,5 years after their first periods, and within an average of 16,9±1,2 age, and to have gotten pregnant in an average of 3 months after getting married. Half of the adolescents with multiple pregnancies were identified to have repeat pregnancies within one year after the first birth. 20,8% of the adolescents did not receive any prenatal care and 24,8% continued smoking during pregnancy. Of the pregnant women, 71,2% did not use iron preparations, and 38,5% were found to be anemic. Of the pregnancies monitored, 84,8% ended in natural births, while 12% ended in caesarian births, while 2,4% resulted in miscarriage, and 0,8% ended in stillbirths. Incidence of prematurity was 7,4% in adolescent mothers and the rate of infants born with law birth weight was 11,7%. The relation between pregnancy durations of less than 37 weeks and birth complication was considered significant. Sixty percent of the pregnant women did not make any changes in their nutritional habits during pregnancy, and consequently, 40% of adolescents had poor pregnancy weight gain. Conclusion: Marriage in adolescence brings along adolescent pregnancy, which puts child and maternal health at risk. Assuming that adolescent marriages cannot be prevented, studies aiming postponing adolescent pregnancies should be attached importance in especially primary health centers, and awareness on reproductive health, family planning, and nutrition should be created among adolescents.

References

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  • Shapiro CN. Hepatitis A virus In: Long SL, Pickering LK, Prober CG, editors. Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases. 2nd edition. London: Churchill Livingstone Inc.; 2003.
  • Munoz Bertran E, Rosa Salazar V, Hostalet Robles F, et al. Autoimmune hepatitisis caused by acute hepatitisis due to hepatitisis A virus. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 25: 501-504.
  • Moon HW, Noh JK, Hur M, et al. High prevalence of autoantibodies in hepatitis A infection: the impact on laboratory profiles J Clin Pathol 2009; 62: 786-788.
  • Hsieh MY, Dai CY, Lee LP, et al. Antinuclear antibody is associated with a more advanced fibrosis and lower RNA levels of hepatitisis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitisis C. J Clin Pathol 2008; 61:333-7.
  • Yee LJ, Kelleher P, Goldin RD, et al. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in chronic hepatitisis C virus infection: correlates of positivity and clinical relevance. J Viral Hepat 2004;11: 459-64.
  • Muratori P, Muratori L, Guidi M, et al. Clinical impact of non-organ-specific autoantibodies on the response to combined antiviral treatment in patients with hepatitisis C. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 501-7.
  • Peng YC, Hsieh SC, Yang DY, et al. Expression and clinical significance of antinuclear antibody in hepatitisis C virus infection. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001; 33: 402-6.
  • Cassani F, Cataleta M, Valentini P, et al. Serum autoantibodies in chronic hepatitisis C: comparison with autoimmune hepatitisis and impact on the disease profile. Hepatology 1997; 26: 561-6.
  • Clifford BD, Donahue D, Smith L, et al. High prevalence of serological markers of autoimmunity in patients with chronic hepatitisis C. Hepatology 1995; 21: 613-9.
  • Lenzi M, Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, et al. Prevalence of non-organ-specific autoantibodies and chronic liver disease in the general population: a nested case-control study of the Dionysos cohort. Gut 1999; 45: 435-41.
  • Rigopoulou EI, Mytilinaiou M, Romanidou O, et al. Autoimmune hepatitisis-specific antibodies against soluble liver antigen and liver cytosol type 1 in patients with chronic viral hepatitisis. J Autoimmune Dis 2007; 4:2.
  • Mikata R, Yokosuka O, Imazeki F, et al. Prolonged acute hepatitisis A mimicking autoimmune hepatitisis. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11: 3791-3.
  • Rahaman SM, Chira P, Koff RS. Idiopathic autoimmune chronic hepatitisis triggered by hepatitisis A. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89:106-8.
  • Tabak F, Ozdemir F, Tabak O, et al. Autoimmune hepatitisis induced by the prolonged hepatitisis A virus infection. Ann Hepatol 2008; 7: 177-9.
  • Tagle Arrospide M, Leon Barua R. Viral hepatitis A as a triggering agent of autoimmune hepatitisis report of a case and review of literature. Rev Gastroenterol Peru 2003; 23: 134-7.
  • Vento S, Garofano T, Di Perri G, et al. Identification of hepatitisis A virus as a trigger for autoimmune chronic hepatitisis type 1 in susceptible individuals. Lancet 1991; 337: 1183-7.
  • Hiroto T, Hiroto T, Hiroki U, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by acute hepatitis A. World J Gastroenterol ; 11(38): 6069-6071
  • Schiff ER. Atypical clinical manifestation of hepatitisis A. Vaccine 1992; 10: 18-20
  • Lacerda MA, Ludwig J, Dickson ER, et al. Antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrohosis. Am. J. Gastroenterol 1995; 90: 247-249.
  • Li CP, Tong MJ, Hwang SJ, et al. Autoimmune cholangitis with features of autoimmune hepatitis: successful treatment with immunosuppressive agents and ursodeoxycholic acid. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;15(1):95-98.
  • Petrogiannopoulos C, Papamichael K, Karachalios G, Karachaliou I, Kostakos N, Barbati K, Zacharof A. Autoimmune cholangitis presented as fever of unknown origin. Chemotherapy 2006;52(6):282-284.
  • Rahaman SM, Chira P, Koff RS. Idiopathic Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitisis Triggered by Hepatitis A. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 106-108
  • Huppertz HI, Treichel U, Gassel AM, et al. Autoimmune hepatitisis following hepatitisis A virus infection. J Hepatol 1995; 23: 204-208.
  • Oshikata S, Miyanaga O, Kikuchi I, et al. A case of autoimmune hepatitisis presumably induced by acute hepatitisis type A. Acta Hepatol Japonica 1996; 37: 738-743
  • Hilzenrat N, Zilberman D, Klein T, et al. Autoimmune Hepatitisis in a Genetically Susceptible Patient. Dig Dis Sci ; 44: 1950-1952
  • Tamura T, Suzuki S, Yamato A, et al. A case report of AIH diagnosed by the opportunity of hepatitis A infection. Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2000; 97: 1043-1047.
  • Manns MP, Griffin KJ, Sullivan KF, et al. LKM-1 autoantibodies recognize a short linear sequence in P450IID6, a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase. J Clin Invest 1991; 88: 1370-1378.
  • Marceau G, Lapierre P, Beland K, et al. LKM1 autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis C infection: a case of molecular mimicry? Hepatology 2005; 42: 675-682
  • Manns MP. Cytoplasmic autoantigens in autoimmune hepatitis: molecular analysis and clinical relevance. Semin Liver Dis 1994;11:205-14.
  • Mackay IR, Taft LI, Melb MD, et al. Lupoid hepatitis. Lancet 1956;2:1323-6.
  • Martini E, Abuaf N, Cavalli F, et al. Antibody to liver cytosol (anti-LC1) in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis type 2. Hepatology 1988;8:1662–6.
  • Muratori L, Cataleta M, Muratori P, et al. Liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 and liver cytosol antibody type concentrations in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis. Gut 1998;42:721–6.
  • Manns M, Gerken G, Kyriatsoulis A, et al. Characterisation of a new subgroup of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis by autoantibodies against a soluble liver antigen. Lancet 1987;1:292-4.
Year 2011, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 8 - 20, 01.06.2011

Abstract

References

  • Gust ID. Epidemiological patterns of hepatitis A in different parts of the world. Vaccine 1992; 10; S56–S58.
  • Shapiro CN. Hepatitis A virus In: Long SL, Pickering LK, Prober CG, editors. Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases. 2nd edition. London: Churchill Livingstone Inc.; 2003.
  • Munoz Bertran E, Rosa Salazar V, Hostalet Robles F, et al. Autoimmune hepatitisis caused by acute hepatitisis due to hepatitisis A virus. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 25: 501-504.
  • Moon HW, Noh JK, Hur M, et al. High prevalence of autoantibodies in hepatitis A infection: the impact on laboratory profiles J Clin Pathol 2009; 62: 786-788.
  • Hsieh MY, Dai CY, Lee LP, et al. Antinuclear antibody is associated with a more advanced fibrosis and lower RNA levels of hepatitisis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitisis C. J Clin Pathol 2008; 61:333-7.
  • Yee LJ, Kelleher P, Goldin RD, et al. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in chronic hepatitisis C virus infection: correlates of positivity and clinical relevance. J Viral Hepat 2004;11: 459-64.
  • Muratori P, Muratori L, Guidi M, et al. Clinical impact of non-organ-specific autoantibodies on the response to combined antiviral treatment in patients with hepatitisis C. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 501-7.
  • Peng YC, Hsieh SC, Yang DY, et al. Expression and clinical significance of antinuclear antibody in hepatitisis C virus infection. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001; 33: 402-6.
  • Cassani F, Cataleta M, Valentini P, et al. Serum autoantibodies in chronic hepatitisis C: comparison with autoimmune hepatitisis and impact on the disease profile. Hepatology 1997; 26: 561-6.
  • Clifford BD, Donahue D, Smith L, et al. High prevalence of serological markers of autoimmunity in patients with chronic hepatitisis C. Hepatology 1995; 21: 613-9.
  • Lenzi M, Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, et al. Prevalence of non-organ-specific autoantibodies and chronic liver disease in the general population: a nested case-control study of the Dionysos cohort. Gut 1999; 45: 435-41.
  • Rigopoulou EI, Mytilinaiou M, Romanidou O, et al. Autoimmune hepatitisis-specific antibodies against soluble liver antigen and liver cytosol type 1 in patients with chronic viral hepatitisis. J Autoimmune Dis 2007; 4:2.
  • Mikata R, Yokosuka O, Imazeki F, et al. Prolonged acute hepatitisis A mimicking autoimmune hepatitisis. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11: 3791-3.
  • Rahaman SM, Chira P, Koff RS. Idiopathic autoimmune chronic hepatitisis triggered by hepatitisis A. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89:106-8.
  • Tabak F, Ozdemir F, Tabak O, et al. Autoimmune hepatitisis induced by the prolonged hepatitisis A virus infection. Ann Hepatol 2008; 7: 177-9.
  • Tagle Arrospide M, Leon Barua R. Viral hepatitis A as a triggering agent of autoimmune hepatitisis report of a case and review of literature. Rev Gastroenterol Peru 2003; 23: 134-7.
  • Vento S, Garofano T, Di Perri G, et al. Identification of hepatitisis A virus as a trigger for autoimmune chronic hepatitisis type 1 in susceptible individuals. Lancet 1991; 337: 1183-7.
  • Hiroto T, Hiroto T, Hiroki U, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by acute hepatitis A. World J Gastroenterol ; 11(38): 6069-6071
  • Schiff ER. Atypical clinical manifestation of hepatitisis A. Vaccine 1992; 10: 18-20
  • Lacerda MA, Ludwig J, Dickson ER, et al. Antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrohosis. Am. J. Gastroenterol 1995; 90: 247-249.
  • Li CP, Tong MJ, Hwang SJ, et al. Autoimmune cholangitis with features of autoimmune hepatitis: successful treatment with immunosuppressive agents and ursodeoxycholic acid. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;15(1):95-98.
  • Petrogiannopoulos C, Papamichael K, Karachalios G, Karachaliou I, Kostakos N, Barbati K, Zacharof A. Autoimmune cholangitis presented as fever of unknown origin. Chemotherapy 2006;52(6):282-284.
  • Rahaman SM, Chira P, Koff RS. Idiopathic Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitisis Triggered by Hepatitis A. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 106-108
  • Huppertz HI, Treichel U, Gassel AM, et al. Autoimmune hepatitisis following hepatitisis A virus infection. J Hepatol 1995; 23: 204-208.
  • Oshikata S, Miyanaga O, Kikuchi I, et al. A case of autoimmune hepatitisis presumably induced by acute hepatitisis type A. Acta Hepatol Japonica 1996; 37: 738-743
  • Hilzenrat N, Zilberman D, Klein T, et al. Autoimmune Hepatitisis in a Genetically Susceptible Patient. Dig Dis Sci ; 44: 1950-1952
  • Tamura T, Suzuki S, Yamato A, et al. A case report of AIH diagnosed by the opportunity of hepatitis A infection. Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2000; 97: 1043-1047.
  • Manns MP, Griffin KJ, Sullivan KF, et al. LKM-1 autoantibodies recognize a short linear sequence in P450IID6, a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase. J Clin Invest 1991; 88: 1370-1378.
  • Marceau G, Lapierre P, Beland K, et al. LKM1 autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis C infection: a case of molecular mimicry? Hepatology 2005; 42: 675-682
  • Manns MP. Cytoplasmic autoantigens in autoimmune hepatitis: molecular analysis and clinical relevance. Semin Liver Dis 1994;11:205-14.
  • Mackay IR, Taft LI, Melb MD, et al. Lupoid hepatitis. Lancet 1956;2:1323-6.
  • Martini E, Abuaf N, Cavalli F, et al. Antibody to liver cytosol (anti-LC1) in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis type 2. Hepatology 1988;8:1662–6.
  • Muratori L, Cataleta M, Muratori P, et al. Liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 and liver cytosol antibody type concentrations in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis. Gut 1998;42:721–6.
  • Manns M, Gerken G, Kyriatsoulis A, et al. Characterisation of a new subgroup of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis by autoantibodies against a soluble liver antigen. Lancet 1987;1:292-4.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Dentistry
Other ID JA34ZD82MT
Journal Section Research
Authors

Perran Toksoz This is me

Ali Ceylan This is me

Özge Abacı Bozyel This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Toksoz, P., Ceylan, A., & Abacı Bozyel, Ö. (2011). Pregnancy, Health, and Birth Related Problems of Pregnant Adolescents. International Archives of Medical Research, 1(1), 8-20.
AMA Toksoz P, Ceylan A, Abacı Bozyel Ö. Pregnancy, Health, and Birth Related Problems of Pregnant Adolescents. IAMR. June 2011;1(1):8-20.
Chicago Toksoz, Perran, Ali Ceylan, and Özge Abacı Bozyel. “Pregnancy, Health, and Birth Related Problems of Pregnant Adolescents”. International Archives of Medical Research 1, no. 1 (June 2011): 8-20.
EndNote Toksoz P, Ceylan A, Abacı Bozyel Ö (June 1, 2011) Pregnancy, Health, and Birth Related Problems of Pregnant Adolescents. International Archives of Medical Research 1 1 8–20.
IEEE P. Toksoz, A. Ceylan, and Ö. Abacı Bozyel, “Pregnancy, Health, and Birth Related Problems of Pregnant Adolescents”, IAMR, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8–20, 2011.
ISNAD Toksoz, Perran et al. “Pregnancy, Health, and Birth Related Problems of Pregnant Adolescents”. International Archives of Medical Research 1/1 (June 2011), 8-20.
JAMA Toksoz P, Ceylan A, Abacı Bozyel Ö. Pregnancy, Health, and Birth Related Problems of Pregnant Adolescents. IAMR. 2011;1:8–20.
MLA Toksoz, Perran et al. “Pregnancy, Health, and Birth Related Problems of Pregnant Adolescents”. International Archives of Medical Research, vol. 1, no. 1, 2011, pp. 8-20.
Vancouver Toksoz P, Ceylan A, Abacı Bozyel Ö. Pregnancy, Health, and Birth Related Problems of Pregnant Adolescents. IAMR. 2011;1(1):8-20.

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