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The Role of Growth Hormone in Regulation and Secretion of Ghrelin

Year 2013, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 1 - 8, 01.12.2013

Abstract

Background: Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone (GH) releaser acylated peptide that has recently
been purified from stomach and potently binds to the GH secretagogue receptor. In rats, fasting
leads to elevated serum GH concentrations. Age-related decreases in energy expenditure have been
associated with the loss of skeletal muscle and decline of food intake, possibly through a mechanism
involving changes of GH secretion and feeding behavior. Ghrelin releases GH in vitro and in vivo
in animal models, however its actions and specificity in humans are unknown.
Method: We investigate the relationship between age-related changes of growth hormone secretion
and/or food intake and ghrelin function. Ghrelin (10 nmol/kg body weight) was administered
intravenously to male 3-, 12-, 24-and 27-month-old Wistar adult rats, after which growth hormone
concentrations and 2 h food intake were measured.
Results: Intravenous administration of ghrelin to rats increased food intake in all generations. In
addition ghrelin administration elicited a marked increase in plasma GH levels, with the peak
occurring 15 min after administration.
Conclusion: These changes in serum ghrelin concentrations during fasting were followed by
similar, profound changes in serum GH levels. These data indicate that ghrelin is the main driving
force behind the enhanced GH secretion during fasting.

References

  • Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H and Kangawa K. (1999) Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature, 402: 656-660.
  • Date Y, Toshinai K, Koda S, et al. (2005) Peripheral interaction of ghrelin with cholecystokinin on feeding regulation. Endocrinology, 146: 3518-3525.
  • Toshinai K, Yamaguchi H, Sun Y, et al. (2006) Des-acyl Ghrelin induces food intake by a mechanism independent of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Endocrinology, 147: 2306-2314.
  • Sandstrom 0, Mahdavi J and El-Salhy M. (1999) Age-related changes in antral endocrine cells in mice. Histol Histopathol, 14: 31-36.
  • Rigamonti AE, Pincelli AI, Corra B, et al. (2002) Plasma ghrelin concentrations in elderly subjects: comparison with anorexic and obese patients. J Endocrinol, 175: R1-R5.
  • Broglio F, Benso A, Castiglioni C, et al. (2003) The endocrine response to ghrelin as a function of gender in humans in young and elderly subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88: 1537-1542.
  • Englander EW, Gomez GA and Greeley Jr GH. (2004) Alterations in stomach ghrelin production and in ghrelin- induced growth hormone secretion in the age rats. Meek Ageing Dev, 125: 871-875.
  • Anawalt BD and Merriam GR. (2001) Neuroendocrine aging in men. Andropause and somatopause. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 30: 647-649.
  • Lamberts SWJ, van den Beld AW and van den Lely AJ. (1997) The endocrinology of aging. Science, 278: 419-424.
  • Macintosh C, Moorley JE and Chapman IM. (2000) The anorexia of aging. Nutrition, 16: 983-995.
  • Morley JE. (2001) Decreased food intake with aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 56: 81-88.
  • .Morley E. and Thomas DR. (1999) Anorexia and aging: pathophysiology. Nutrition, 15: 499-503.
  • Morley JE. (2001) Anorexia, sarcopenia, and aging. Nutrition, 17: 660-663.
  • Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D, et al. (1998) Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol, 147: 755-763.
  • Sullivan DH. (1998) The role of nutrition in increased morbidity and mortality. Clin Geriatr Med, 11: 661-674.
  • Asakawa A, Inui A, Kaga T, et al. (2001) Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin. Gastroenterology, 120: 337-345.
  • Lawrence CB, Snape AC, Baudoin FM and Luckman SM. (2002) Acute central ghrelin and GH secretagogues induce feeding and activate brain appetite centers. Endocrinology, 143: 155-162.
  • Nakazato M, Murakami N, Date Y, et al. (2001) A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding. Nature, 409: 194-198.
  • Wren AM, Small CJ, Abbott CR, et al. (2001) Ghrelin causes hyperphagia and obesity in rats. Diabetes, 50: 2540- 2547.
  • Hallfrisch J, Muller D, Drinkwater D, Tobin J. and Andres R. (1990) Continuing diet trends in men: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (1961-1987). J Gerontol, 45: 186-191.
  • Koehler KM. (1994) The New Mexico Aging Process Study. Nutr Rev, 8: 34.
  • Macintosh CG, Morley JE, Wishart J, et al. (2001) Effect of exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 on food intake and plasma CCK and insulin concentrations in older and young adults: evidence for increased CCK activity as a cause of the anorexia of aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 86: 5830-5837.
  • Baixeras E, Jeay S, Kelly PA and Postel-Vinay MC. (2001) The proliferative and antiapoptotic actions of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 are mediated through distinct signaling pathways in the Pro-B Ba/F3 cell line. Endocrinology, 142: 2968-2977.
  • Ho KY, Evans WS, Blizzard RM, et al. (1987) Effects of sex and age on the 24 h profile of growth hormone secretion in man: importance of endogenous estradiol concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 64: 51-58.
  • Minisola S, Pacitti MT, Scarda A, et al (1993) Serum ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone and related variables: effect of age and sex. Bone Miner, 23: 183-193.
  • Aloi JA, Gertz BJ, Hartman ML, et al. (1994) Neuroendocrine responses to a novel growth hormone secretagogue, L-692, 429, in healthy older subjects, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 79: 943-949.
  • Chapman IM, Bach MA, Van Cauter E, et al. (1996) Stimulation of the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor-I axis by daily oral administration of a GH secretagogue (MK-0677) in healthy elderly subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81: 4249-4257.
  • Muccioli G, Tschop M, Papotti M, et al. (2002) Neuroendocrine and peripheral activities of ghrelin: implications in metabolism and obesity. Eur J Pharmacol, 440: 235-254.
  • Baldanzi G, Filigheddu N, Cutrupi S, et al. (2004) Ghrelin and de-acyl ghrelin inhibit cell death in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells through ERK1/2 and PI 3-kinase/AKT. J Cell Biol, 15: 1029-1037.
  • BedendiI, Allatti G, Marcantoni A, et al. (2003) Cardiac effects of ghrelin and its endogenous derivatives des- octanoyl ghrelin and des-Glnl4-ghrelin. Eur J Pharmacol 476: 87-95.
  • Delhanty PJ, Van der Eerden BC, van der Velde M, et al. (2006) Ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin stimulate human osteoblast growth via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) / phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways in the absence of GHS-R1a. J Endocrinol. 188(1):37-47.
Year 2013, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 1 - 8, 01.12.2013

Abstract

References

  • Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H and Kangawa K. (1999) Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature, 402: 656-660.
  • Date Y, Toshinai K, Koda S, et al. (2005) Peripheral interaction of ghrelin with cholecystokinin on feeding regulation. Endocrinology, 146: 3518-3525.
  • Toshinai K, Yamaguchi H, Sun Y, et al. (2006) Des-acyl Ghrelin induces food intake by a mechanism independent of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Endocrinology, 147: 2306-2314.
  • Sandstrom 0, Mahdavi J and El-Salhy M. (1999) Age-related changes in antral endocrine cells in mice. Histol Histopathol, 14: 31-36.
  • Rigamonti AE, Pincelli AI, Corra B, et al. (2002) Plasma ghrelin concentrations in elderly subjects: comparison with anorexic and obese patients. J Endocrinol, 175: R1-R5.
  • Broglio F, Benso A, Castiglioni C, et al. (2003) The endocrine response to ghrelin as a function of gender in humans in young and elderly subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88: 1537-1542.
  • Englander EW, Gomez GA and Greeley Jr GH. (2004) Alterations in stomach ghrelin production and in ghrelin- induced growth hormone secretion in the age rats. Meek Ageing Dev, 125: 871-875.
  • Anawalt BD and Merriam GR. (2001) Neuroendocrine aging in men. Andropause and somatopause. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 30: 647-649.
  • Lamberts SWJ, van den Beld AW and van den Lely AJ. (1997) The endocrinology of aging. Science, 278: 419-424.
  • Macintosh C, Moorley JE and Chapman IM. (2000) The anorexia of aging. Nutrition, 16: 983-995.
  • Morley JE. (2001) Decreased food intake with aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 56: 81-88.
  • .Morley E. and Thomas DR. (1999) Anorexia and aging: pathophysiology. Nutrition, 15: 499-503.
  • Morley JE. (2001) Anorexia, sarcopenia, and aging. Nutrition, 17: 660-663.
  • Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D, et al. (1998) Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol, 147: 755-763.
  • Sullivan DH. (1998) The role of nutrition in increased morbidity and mortality. Clin Geriatr Med, 11: 661-674.
  • Asakawa A, Inui A, Kaga T, et al. (2001) Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin. Gastroenterology, 120: 337-345.
  • Lawrence CB, Snape AC, Baudoin FM and Luckman SM. (2002) Acute central ghrelin and GH secretagogues induce feeding and activate brain appetite centers. Endocrinology, 143: 155-162.
  • Nakazato M, Murakami N, Date Y, et al. (2001) A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding. Nature, 409: 194-198.
  • Wren AM, Small CJ, Abbott CR, et al. (2001) Ghrelin causes hyperphagia and obesity in rats. Diabetes, 50: 2540- 2547.
  • Hallfrisch J, Muller D, Drinkwater D, Tobin J. and Andres R. (1990) Continuing diet trends in men: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (1961-1987). J Gerontol, 45: 186-191.
  • Koehler KM. (1994) The New Mexico Aging Process Study. Nutr Rev, 8: 34.
  • Macintosh CG, Morley JE, Wishart J, et al. (2001) Effect of exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 on food intake and plasma CCK and insulin concentrations in older and young adults: evidence for increased CCK activity as a cause of the anorexia of aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 86: 5830-5837.
  • Baixeras E, Jeay S, Kelly PA and Postel-Vinay MC. (2001) The proliferative and antiapoptotic actions of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 are mediated through distinct signaling pathways in the Pro-B Ba/F3 cell line. Endocrinology, 142: 2968-2977.
  • Ho KY, Evans WS, Blizzard RM, et al. (1987) Effects of sex and age on the 24 h profile of growth hormone secretion in man: importance of endogenous estradiol concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 64: 51-58.
  • Minisola S, Pacitti MT, Scarda A, et al (1993) Serum ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone and related variables: effect of age and sex. Bone Miner, 23: 183-193.
  • Aloi JA, Gertz BJ, Hartman ML, et al. (1994) Neuroendocrine responses to a novel growth hormone secretagogue, L-692, 429, in healthy older subjects, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 79: 943-949.
  • Chapman IM, Bach MA, Van Cauter E, et al. (1996) Stimulation of the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor-I axis by daily oral administration of a GH secretagogue (MK-0677) in healthy elderly subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81: 4249-4257.
  • Muccioli G, Tschop M, Papotti M, et al. (2002) Neuroendocrine and peripheral activities of ghrelin: implications in metabolism and obesity. Eur J Pharmacol, 440: 235-254.
  • Baldanzi G, Filigheddu N, Cutrupi S, et al. (2004) Ghrelin and de-acyl ghrelin inhibit cell death in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells through ERK1/2 and PI 3-kinase/AKT. J Cell Biol, 15: 1029-1037.
  • BedendiI, Allatti G, Marcantoni A, et al. (2003) Cardiac effects of ghrelin and its endogenous derivatives des- octanoyl ghrelin and des-Glnl4-ghrelin. Eur J Pharmacol 476: 87-95.
  • Delhanty PJ, Van der Eerden BC, van der Velde M, et al. (2006) Ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin stimulate human osteoblast growth via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) / phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways in the absence of GHS-R1a. J Endocrinol. 188(1):37-47.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA34ZF59PK
Journal Section Research
Authors

Basra Deniz Obay This is me

Hakkı Murat Bilgin This is me

Ezel Taşdemir This is me

Yaşar Yıldırım This is me

Abdurrahman Şermet This is me

Yüksel Koçyiğit This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Obay, B. D., Bilgin, H. M., Taşdemir, E., Yıldırım, Y., et al. (2013). The Role of Growth Hormone in Regulation and Secretion of Ghrelin. International Archives of Medical Research, 5(2), 1-8.
AMA Obay BD, Bilgin HM, Taşdemir E, Yıldırım Y, Şermet A, Koçyiğit Y. The Role of Growth Hormone in Regulation and Secretion of Ghrelin. IAMR. December 2013;5(2):1-8.
Chicago Obay, Basra Deniz, Hakkı Murat Bilgin, Ezel Taşdemir, Yaşar Yıldırım, Abdurrahman Şermet, and Yüksel Koçyiğit. “The Role of Growth Hormone in Regulation and Secretion of Ghrelin”. International Archives of Medical Research 5, no. 2 (December 2013): 1-8.
EndNote Obay BD, Bilgin HM, Taşdemir E, Yıldırım Y, Şermet A, Koçyiğit Y (December 1, 2013) The Role of Growth Hormone in Regulation and Secretion of Ghrelin. International Archives of Medical Research 5 2 1–8.
IEEE B. D. Obay, H. M. Bilgin, E. Taşdemir, Y. Yıldırım, A. Şermet, and Y. Koçyiğit, “The Role of Growth Hormone in Regulation and Secretion of Ghrelin”, IAMR, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1–8, 2013.
ISNAD Obay, Basra Deniz et al. “The Role of Growth Hormone in Regulation and Secretion of Ghrelin”. International Archives of Medical Research 5/2 (December 2013), 1-8.
JAMA Obay BD, Bilgin HM, Taşdemir E, Yıldırım Y, Şermet A, Koçyiğit Y. The Role of Growth Hormone in Regulation and Secretion of Ghrelin. IAMR. 2013;5:1–8.
MLA Obay, Basra Deniz et al. “The Role of Growth Hormone in Regulation and Secretion of Ghrelin”. International Archives of Medical Research, vol. 5, no. 2, 2013, pp. 1-8.
Vancouver Obay BD, Bilgin HM, Taşdemir E, Yıldırım Y, Şermet A, Koçyiğit Y. The Role of Growth Hormone in Regulation and Secretion of Ghrelin. IAMR. 2013;5(2):1-8.

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