The Evaluation of Relationship Between Microalbuminuria Frequency and Life Style Parameters in Non-Diabetic Prehypertensive Patients

Year 2014, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 5 - 16, 01.06.2014

Yaşar Yıldırım Zülfükar Yılmaz Elif Anık Emre Aydın Fatma Yılmaz Aydın Ali Kemal Kadiroğlu M. Emin Yılmaz

Abstract

Background: Prehypertension is a stage that can be prevented to progress hypertension by
appropriate adjustments in the lifestyle parameters. Detection of microalbuminuria, pointed that
prehypertension will pass to hypertensive phase at this stage. In this study, our aim is to evaluate
the frequency of microalbuminuria and its relationship with lifestyle parameters in non-diabetic
prehypertensive patients.
Method: The study was carried out between 2011 and 2012 in the department of internal medicine
at Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine. The files of 100 nondiabetic prehypertensive patients aged
between 18 – 65 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, blood pressure
measurements, body mass index, biochemical parameters, microalbuminuria levels and associated
factors such as smoking, alcohol use, lifestyle activities and nutrition types were noted from patient
files.
Results: Patients were divided into two groups, as group 1: (n = 90), normo albuminuric, and
group 2: (n = 10)microalbuminuric. The frequency of microalbuminuria was found as 10 % among
the patients. SBP, DBP, and BMI were measured as much higher in group 2 than in group 1. There
were statistically significant positive correlation between microalbuminuria and SBP, DBP, BMI,
smoking and negative correlation between microalbuminuria and sedentary lifestyle. Body mass
index OR: 7,667 (%95 CI:2,620-22,438) and smoking OR:12,000 (%95CI:3,954-36,418) were determined the most effective parameters in increasing microalbuminuria among independent
parameters.
Conclusion: The frequency of microalbuminuria was found as 10% among the patients. Body mass
index and smoking were the most significant parameters in increasing microalbuminuria among
independent parameters. Regulation of body mass index and smoking cessation can prevent
microalbuminuria in prehypertensive patients.

Keywords

prehypertension, microalbuminuria, body mass index, smoking

References

• Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. (2003) Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention,
• Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 Complete Report. Hypertension, 42: 1206
• Papadopoulos DP, Makris TK, Papademetriou V. (2008) Is it time to treat prehypertension? Hypertens Res, (9):1681-1686.
• M. Arıcı, B. Altun, Y. Erdem, Ü. Derici, G. Nergizoğlu, Ç. Turgan, Ş. Sindel, B. Erbay, O. Karatan, E. Hasanoğlu, Ş. Çağlar.(2005) Türk Hipertansiyon Prevalans Çalışması; Turkish Society of Hypertension and Renal Diseases.
• Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Turkey (the PatenT study) in 2003. Journal of Hypertension, 23(10):1817-1823.
• Kim BJ, Lee HA, Kim NH, Kim MW, Kim BS, Kang JH. The association of albuminuria, arterial stiffness, and blood pressure status in nondiabetic, nonhypertensive individuals. J Hypertens. 2011 Nov;29(11):2091-2098.
• George Bakris, MD Section Editor Bernard J Gersh, MB, ChB, DPhil, FRCP Deputy Editor John P Forman (2011)
• Microalbuminuria and cardiovascular disease Up to date. Last literature review version 19.1. Romundstad S, Holmen J, Kvenild K, et al. (2003) Microalbuminuria and all-cause mortality in 2,089 apparently healthy individuals: a 4.4-year follow-up study. The Nord-Trİndelag Health Study (HUNT), Norway. Am J Kidney Dis, 42: 466.
• Qureshi, AI, Suri, MF, Kirmani, JF, et al. (2005) Is prehypertension a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases? Stroke, : 1859.
• Ogunniyi MO, Croft JB, Greenlund KJ, Giles WH, Mensah GA. (2010) Racial/ethnic differences in microalbuminuria among adults with prehypertension and hypertension: National Health and Nutrition Examination
• Survey (NHANES), 1999-2006. Am J Hypertens, 23(8): 859-864.
• Parikh, NI, Pencina, MJ, Wang, TJ, et al. (2008) A risk score for predicting near-term incidence of hypertension: the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med, 148:102.
• Organization WH: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity.In:WHO,editor.;Geneva:World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser,2000; 1-253.
• Vasan, RS, Larson, MG, Leip, EP, et al. (2001) Assessment of frequency of progression to hypertension in non- hypertensive participants in the Framingham Heart Study: a cohort study. Lancet, 358:1682.
• Vasan, RS, Larson, MG, Leip, EP, et al. (2001) Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med, 345:1291.
• Jensen JS. (2000) Microalbuminaria and the risk of atherosclerosis. Clinical epidemiological and physiological investigations. Dan Med Bull, 47(2): 63-78.
• Maharjan BR, Bhandary S, Sunuwar L, Shrestha A, Ranjitkar N. (2012) Association of hypertension with microalbuminuria and lipid profile in the local population of Patan. Nepal Med Coll J, 14(2):157-162.
• Klausen KP, Scharling H, Jensen G, Jensen JS. (2005) New definition of microalbuminuria in hypertensive subjects: association with incident coronary heart disease and death. Hypertension, 46(1): 33-37.
• Cirillo M, Senigalliesi L, Laurenzi M, Alfieri R, Stamler J, Stamler R, Panarelli W, De Santo NG. (1998)
• Microalbuminuria in nondiabetic adults: relation of blood pressure, body mass index, plasma cholesterol levels, and smoking: The Gubbio Population Study. Arch Intern Med, 158(17):1933-1939.
• Kim BJ, Lee HJ, Sung KC, Kim BS, Kang JH, Lee MH, Park JR. (2007) Comparison of microalbuminuria in 2 blood pressure categories of prehypertensive subjects. Circ J, 71(8):1283-1287.
• Stefano Bianchi MD, Roberto Bigazzi MD, Vito M, Campese MD (1999) Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension: Significance, pathophysiology, and therapeutic implication AJKD. 34(6) :973-995.
• Nettleton JA, Steffen LM, Palmas W, Burke GL, Jacobs DR Jr. (2008) Associations between microalbuminuria and animal foods, plant foods, and dietary patterns in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Clin Nutr, (6):1825-1836.
• Lin J, Hu FB, Curhan GC. (2010) Associations of diet with albuminuria and kidney function decline. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 5(5):836-843.
• Bharakhada N, Yates T, Davies MJ, Wilmot EG, Edwardson C, Henson J, Webb D, Khunti K. (2012) Association of sitting time and physical activity with CKD: a cross-sectional study in family practices. Am J Kidney Dis, (4):583-590.
• Noborisaka Y. Smoking and chronic kidney disease in healthy populations. (2013) Nephrourol Mon, 5(1):655-667.
• Chang A, Van Horn L, Jacobs DR Jr, Liu K, Muntner P, Newsome B, Shoham DA, Durazo-Arvizu R, Bibbins- Domingo K, Reis J, Kramer H. (2013) Lifestyle-Related Factors, Obesity, and Incident Microalbuminuria: The CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study. Am J Kidney Dis, 62(2): 267-275.
• Izzo JL Jr. (2007) Prehypertension: demographics, pathophysiology, and treatment. Curr Hypertens Rep, 9(4): 264
• Grotto I, Grossman E, Huerta M, Sharabi Y. (2006) Prevalence of prehypertension and associated cardiovascular risk profiles among young Israeli adults. Hypertension, 48(2):254-259.
• Rutkowski P, Klassen A, Sebekova K, Bahner U, Heidland A. (2006) Renal disease in obesity: the need for greater attention. J Ren Nutr, 16(3): 216-223.
• Amann K, Benz K. (2013) Structural renal changes in obesity and diabetes. Semin Nephrol, 33(1): 23-33.