Most employees in Turkey have become familiar with teleworking during the pandemic. This study aims to find the Turkish employees’ motivation and commitment levels regarding their intention to telework after the pandemic. The mixed method of research with an exploratory sequential strategy with QUAL → QUAN design was used to explore and explain the motivation and commitment factors regarding the intention to telework after the pandemic in Turkey and to develop a scale. Grounded theory, exploratory factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, and independent samples t-tests were used. The results indicated that age groups affected the motivation and commitment and extrinsic motivation regarding the intention to telework after the pandemic, and education levels affected the general motivation and commitment and intrinsic motivation. As education and teleworking experience levels increased, motivation and commitment and intrinsic motivation regarding the intention to telework after the pandemic increased. Motivation and commitment and intrinsic motivation levels of the employees of companies applying teleworking systematically were higher than the employees who teleworked compulsorily during the pandemic without an adaptation process. Women’s extrinsic motivation regarding the intention to telework after the pandemic was higher than men’s. The motivation and commitment levels of teleworkers were significantly higher than those of non-teleworkers. The data strongly suggested that childless participants had significantly higher motivation and commitment and intrinsic motivation regarding the intention to telework after the pandemic compared to the parent participants.
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Year 2023,
Volume: 52 Issue: 3, 565 - 591, 30.12.2023
Aboelmaged, M. G. & Elamin, A. M. (2009). Teleworking in United Arab Emirates (UAE): An empirical study of influencing factors, facilitators, and inhibitors. Journal of Business Science and Applied Management , 4(1), 25-26. google scholar
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Florea, R. & Florea, R. (2021). Implications of COVID-19 Crisis on Risk Management, Audit and Controls Activities. Economy Transdisciplinarity Cognition, 24(2), 39-50. google scholar
Fouladgar, M. M., Yazdani-Chamzini, A., Zavadskas, E. K. & Haji Moini, S. H. (2012). A new hybrid model for evaluating the working strategies: case study of construction company. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 18(1), 164-188 google scholar
George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference (10th ed.). Pearson, Boston. google scholar
Goodermote, C. (2020). Remote onboarding and training of new program coordinators into the medical education office during Covid-19 social distance quarantine: process and recommendations. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 10(5), 399401. https://doi.org/10.1080/20009666.2020.1796055 google scholar
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Güriş, S. & Astar, M. (2019). Bilimsel Araştırmalarda SPSS ile İstatistik (3rd ed.) [Statistics with SPSS in Scientific Research]. İstanbul: Der Yayınları. google scholar
Harrison, R. L. (2013). Using mixed methods designs in the journal of business research, 19902010. Journal of Business Research, 66(11), 2153-2162. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.01.006 google scholar
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work related values. Sage. google scholar
Hofstede, G. & Peterson, M. F. (2000). Culture: National values and organizational practices. Handbook of organizational culture and climate, 3, 401-416. google scholar
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations, 2nd edn. Sage. google scholar
Horner, T. (2012). Why Telecommuting Jobs Will Increase. [online] http://workdesign.co/2012/01/why-telecommuting-jobs-will-increase/ (Accessed 11 July 2013). google scholar
Islamoglu, A.H. & Alniacik, Ü. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (5th ed.) [Research Methods in Social Sciences]. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları. google scholar
Karakose, T. & Malkoc, N. (2021). Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical doctors in Turkey. Social Behavior and Personality, 49(1), 1 google scholar
Koçak, D., Çokluk Ö. & Kayri M. (2016). Faktör Sayısının Belirlenmesinde MAP Testi, Paralel Analiz, K1 ve Yamaç Birikinti Grafiği Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması [The Comparison of MAP Test, Parallel Analysis, K1 and Scree-Plot Methods in Terms of Assigning Factor Numbers]. YYÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (YYU Journal Of Education Faculty), XIII (I), 330359. google scholar
Kopalle, P. K., & Lehmann, D. R. (1997). Alpha inflation? The impact of eliminating scale items on Cronbach’s alpha. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 70(3), 189-197. google scholar
Kottner, J., & Streiner, D. L. (2010). Internal consistency and Cronbach’s alpha: A comment on Beeckman et al.(2010). International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(7), 926-928. google scholar
Kramer, A. & Kramer, K. Z. (2020). The potential impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on occupational status, work from home, and occupational mobility. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119, 1-4 google scholar
Kurland, N. B. & Bailey, D. E. (1999). The Advantages and Challenges of Working Here, There, Anywhere, and Anytime. Organizational Dynamics, 53-67 google scholar
Luciani, M., Campbell, K., Tschirhart, H., Ausili, D., & Jack, S. (2019). How to Design a Qualitative Health Research Study. Part 1: Design and Purposeful Sampling Considerations. Professioni Infermieristiche, 72(2), 152-161. google scholar
Ma, J. (2020). High skilled immigration and the market for skilled labor: The role of occupational choice. Labour Economics, 63 (101791) . https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.labeco.2019.101791 google scholar
Malhotra, N.K. & Birks, D. F. (2000). Marketing Research An Applied Approach. European Edition, Pearson Education Limited. google scholar
Maslowski, J. (2018). The Relationship Between Telework, Personality Type, and Job Satisfaction: A Quantitative Study (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 10979178) google scholar
Matei, E.-F., & Mindrican, I. M. (2021). The Economic and Social Impact of Telework. The Case of Romania. The Annals of the University of Oradea. Economic Sciences, 30(2), 371-383. https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes30(2)039 google scholar
McDonald, J. T., & Worswick, C. (2015). High-Skilled Immigration in a Globalized Labor Market. Handbook of the Economics of International Migration, 537-583. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53764-5.00011-6 google scholar
Morse, J. M. (1991). Approaches to qualitative-quantitative methodological triangulation. Nursing Research, 40(2), 120-123 google scholar
Nakrosiene, A., Buciuniene, I., & Gostautaite, B. (2019). Working from home: characteristics and outcomes of telework. International Journal of Manpower, 40(1), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-07-2017-0172 google scholar
Negruşa, A. L. & Butoi, E. (2022). The Work-Life Balance and Well-Being of Romanian Teleworkers During Pandemic. Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Negotia, 67(1), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbnegotia.2022.1.01 google scholar
Ozcan, D. (2017). Uzaktan Çalışmanın Türkiye’deki Çalışma Hayatı Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesine Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp google scholar
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533-544. doi:10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y google scholar
Parent-Lamarche, A., & Boulet, M. (2021). Employee well-being in the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of teleworking during the first lockdown in the province of Quebec, Canada. Work,70, 763-775. google scholar
Peretz, H. & Fried, Y. (2012). National cultures, performance appraisal practices, and organizational absenteeism and turnover: A study across 21 countries. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(2), 448. google scholar
Peters, P., Bleijenbergh, I. & Oldenkamp, E. (2009). Cultural sources of variance in telework adoption in two subsidiaries of an ICT-multinational. International Journal of Employment Studies, 17 (2), 66-101. google scholar
Peters, P. & Den Dulk, L. (2003). Cross Cultural Differences in Managers ’Support for Home-Based Telework: A Theoretical Elaboration. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 3(3), 329-346 google scholar
Peters, P., Ligthart, P. E., Bardoel, A. & Poutsma, E. (2016). ‘Fit’for telework’? Cross-cultural variance and task-control explanations in organizations ’formal telework practices. The International Journal of human resource management, 27(21), 2582-2603. google scholar
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